Guaduas Formation

{{short description|Geological formation in the Colombian Andes}}

{{Infobox rockunit

| name = Guaduas Formation

| period = Paleocene

| age = Maastrichtian-Paleocene
~{{fossil range|68|60}}

| image = Coal - Guaduas - Páramo de Ocetá.jpg

| imagesize =

| caption = Coal from the Guaduas Formation, Páramo de Ocetá

| type = Geological formation

| prilithology = Shale

| otherlithology = Sandstone, coal

| unitof =

| subunits =

| underlies = Cacho Formation

| overlies = Guadalupe Gp.
Arenisca Labor-Tierna Fm.

| thickness = up to {{convert|1090|m|ft|-1}}

| area =

| map = Blakey 065Ma - COL.jpg

| map_caption = Paleogeography of Northern South America
65 Ma, {{small|by Ron Blakey}}

| location =

| coordinates = {{coord|5|05|N|74|36|W|display=inline,title}}

| region = Middle Magdalena Basin
Magdalena River Valley
Altiplano Cundiboyacense
Eastern Ranges, Andes

| country = {{COL}}

| extent =

| namedfor = Guaduas

| namedby = Hubach

| year_ts = 1931

| location_ts = Guaduas

| coordinates_ts = {{coord|5|05|N|74|36|W|display=inline}}

| paleocoordinates_ts = {{coord|0.6|N|52.5|W|display=inline}}

| region_ts = Cundinamarca, Boyacá

| country_ts = {{COL}}

| thickness_ts =

}}

The Guaduas Formation ({{langx|es|Formación Guaduas}}, K₂P₁G, K₂E₁G, KPgg, KTg, TKg, Ktg) is a geological formation of the Middle Magdalena Basin and the Altiplano Cundiboyacense, Eastern Ranges of the Colombian Andes. The predominantly shale with coalbed formation dates to the Late Cretaceous and Paleogene periods; Maastrichtian-Paleocene epochs, and has a maximum thickness of {{convert|1090|m|ft}}. Fossils of Coussapoa camargoi, Ficus andrewsi, Berhamniphyllum sp. and Archaeopaliurus boyacensis have been found in coalbeds in Zipaquirá and Tasco, Boyacá.

Etymology

The formation was first described by Hettner in 1894 and named in 1931 by Hubach after Guaduas, Cundinamarca, former northern territory of the Panche.Montoya & Reyes, 2005, p.51

Description

= Lithologies =

The Guaduas Formation consists mainly of shales with intercalated sandstone beds. The formation contains coalbeds that are widely explored in the area. Fossil remains of Coussapoa camargoi, Ficus andrewsi, Berhamniphyllum sp. and Archaeopaliurus boyacensis have been found in coalbeds in Zipaquirá and Tasco, Boyacá.[https://paleobiodb.org/classic/displayCollResults?collection_no=31112 Coussapoa camargoi, Ficus andrewsi] at fossilworks.org[https://paleobiodb.org/classic/displayCollResults?collection_no=122075 Berhamniphyllum sp. & Archaeopaliurus boyacensis] at fossilworks.org{{Paleodb|taxon|208976|Archaeopaliurus boyacensis}}

= Stratigraphy and depositional environment =

The Guaduas Formation unconformablyVillamil, 2012, p.208 overlies the Arenisca Labor-Tierna Formation of the Guadalupe Group and is overlain by the Cacho Formation. The age has been estimated to be Upper Maastrichtian-Lower Paleocene, spanning the K-T boundary.Montoya & Reyes, 2005, p.54 The Guaduas Formation is thicker in Cundinamarca than in Boyacá. This has been explained by a decrease in subsidence and a higher amount of erosion in the northern area of original deposition.Mariño & Amaya, 2016, p.B9 The lateral thickness variations are thought to be the result of the movement of the Soapaga Fault.Amaya et al., 2010 The formation has been deposited in a coastal plain setting.

Outcrops

{{Location map | Altiplano Cundiboyacense

| width = 250

| lat_deg = 5.083282

| lon_deg = -74.600560

| label =

| float = left

| position = right

| mark = Orange pog.svg

| marksize = 12

| caption = Type locality of the Guaduas Formation to the west of the Altiplano Cundiboyacense

}}

The Guaduas Formation is apart from its type locality, found in the Eastern Hills of Bogotá, the Ocetá Páramo and many other locations in the Eastern Ranges, such as Granada,Plancha 246, 1998 the Dintel Synclinal north of Facatativá,Plancha 227, 1998 the Suesca Synclinal,Plancha 190, 2009 east of Junín,Plancha 191, 1998 and surrounding Lake Tota.Plancha 192, 1998 The northeast-southwest Canocas Fault crosscuts the Guaduas Formation near San Cayetano.Planchas 171 & 191 The synclinals of the Río Frío, Neusa, Zipaquirá, Checua-Lenguazaque, Sesquilé, Sisga, Subachoque, Teusacá and Usme and Soacha are composed of the Guaduas Formation.Montoya & Reyes, 2005, p.52 The Suba Hills are entirely composed of the Guaduas Formation.Geological Map Bogotá, 1997 The formation also has outcrops in the Sumapaz Páramo.{{in lang|es}} [http://geologiia.blogspot.com.co/ Geología y geomorfología - Salida de Campo: Región Llanos Orientales]

Regional correlations

{{Cretaceous stratigraphy of the central Colombian Eastern Ranges}}

Gallery

File:Coal mining - Monguí - Páramo de Ocetá.jpg|Coal mining in the Guaduas Formation
Ocetá Páramo

Notes and references

= Notes =

= References =

= Bibliography =

{{citation |last1=Amaya |first1=Erika |last2=Mariño |first2=Jorge |last3=Jaramillo |first3=Carlos |year=2010 |title=Litofacies y ambientes de acumulación de la Formación Guaduas en al parte central de la Cordillera Oriental - implicaciones paleogeográficas |url=http://revistas.uis.edu.co/index.php/revistaboletindegeologia/article/view/1006/3704 |journal=Boletín de Geología, Universidad Industrial de Santander |volume=32 |issue=1 |pages=_ |accessdate=2017-03-16}}
{{citation |last1=García González |first1=Mario |last2=Mier Umaña |first2=Ricardo |last3=Cruz Guevara |first3=Luis Enrique |last4=Vásquez |first4=Mauricio |year=2009 |title=Informe Ejecutivo - evaluación del potencial hidrocarburífero de las cuencas colombianas |publisher=Universidad Industrial de Santander |pages=1–219}}
{{citation |last1=Mariño M. |first1=Jorge E |last2=Amaya |first2=Erika |year=2016 |title=Lithofacies cyclicity determination in the Guaduas Formation using Markov chains |journal=Earth Sciences Research Journal, Universidad Nacional de Colombia |volume=20 |pages=B1-9}}
{{citation |last1=Montoya Arenas |first1=Diana María |last2=Reyes Torres |first2=Germán Alfonso |year=2005 |title=Geología de la Sabana de Bogotá |publisher=INGEOMINAS |pages=1–104}}
{{citation |last=Villamil |first=Tomas |year=2012 |title=Chronology Relative Sea Level History and a New Sequence Stratigraphic Model for Basinal Cretaceous Facies of Colombia |publisher=Society for Sedimentary Geology (SEPM) |pages=161–216}}

== Maps ==

{{citation |last1=Vargas |first1=Rodrigo |last2=Arias |first2=Alfonso |last3=Jaramillo |first3=Luis |last4=Tellez |first4=Noel |year=1984 |title=Plancha 136 - Málaga - 1:100,000 |url=https://drive.google.com/open?id=0BwFQPMJEi17QcTNmbVRfUGlrSGc |publisher=INGEOMINAS |pages=1 |accessdate=2017-06-06}}
{{citation |last1=Renzoni |first1=Giancarlo |last2=Rosas |first2=Humberto |year=2009 |title=Plancha 171 - Duitama - 1:100,000 |url=https://drive.google.com/open?id=0BwFQPMJEi17QVU40dC0wUzhzTkk |publisher=INGEOMINAS |pages=1 |accessdate=2017-06-06}}
{{citation |last1=Ulloa |first1=Carlos E. |last2=Guerra |first2=Álvaro |last3=Escovar |first3=Ricardo |year=1998 |title=Plancha 172 - Paz de Río - 1:100,000 |url=https://drive.google.com/open?id=0BwFQPMJEi17QalZXUHRfM0I2eFk |publisher=INGEOMINAS |pages=1 |accessdate=2017-06-06}}
{{citation |last1=Fuquen M. |first1=Jaime A |last2=Osorno M |first2=José F. |year=2009 |title=Plancha 190 - Chiquinquirá - 1:100,000 |url=https://drive.google.com/open?id=0BwFQPMJEi17QVEYzMnV1ekNxTDQ |publisher=INGEOMINAS |pages=1 |accessdate=2017-06-06}}
{{citation |last1=Renzoni |first1=Giancarlo |last2=Rosas |first2=Humberto |author3-link=Fernando Etayo |last3=Etayo Serna |first3=Fernando |year=1998 |title=Plancha 191 - Tunja - 1:100,000 |url=https://drive.google.com/open?id=0BwFQPMJEi17QQzhBTXNwUWJuUDg |publisher=INGEOMINAS |pages=1 |accessdate=2017-06-06}}
{{citation |last1=Ulloa |first1=Carlos E. |last2=Rodríguez |first2=Erasmo |last3=Escovar |first3=Ricardo |year=1998 |title=Plancha 192 - Laguna de Tota - 1:100,000 |url=https://drive.google.com/open?id=0BwFQPMJEi17QTmFMZTdRVDdDWWc |publisher=INGEOMINAS |pages=1 |accessdate=2017-06-06}}
{{citation |last1=Ulloa |first1=Carlos |last2=Acosta |first2=Jorge |year=1998 |title=Plancha 208 - Villeta - 1:100,000 |url=https://drive.google.com/open?id=0BwFQPMJEi17QMjhLeWJ0aU1Za1U |publisher=INGEOMINAS |pages=1 |accessdate=2017-06-06}}
{{citation |last1=Montoya |first1=Diana María |last2=Reyes |first2=Germán |year=2009 |title=Plancha 209 - Zipaquirá - 1:100,000 |url=https://drive.google.com/open?id=0BwFQPMJEi17QYUdHRWFiN1JrVms |publisher=INGEOMINAS |pages=1 |accessdate=2017-06-06}}
{{citation |last1=Terraza |first1=Roberto |last2=Moreno |first2=Giovanni |last3=Buitrago |first3=José A. |last4=Pérez |first4=Adrián |last5=Montoya |first5=Diana María |year=2010 |title=Plancha 210 - Guateque - 1:100,000 |url=https://drive.google.com/open?id=0BwFQPMJEi17QS1VHUTg1MEpNcHM |publisher=INGEOMINAS |pages=1 |accessdate=2017-06-06}}
{{citation |last1=Ulloa |first1=Carlos E |last2=Rodríguez |first2=Erasmo |last3=Acosta |first3=Jorge E. |year=1998 |title=Plancha 227 - La Mesa - 1:100,000 |url=https://drive.google.com/open?id=0BwFQPMJEi17QR0k3cWk2aTlwbEk |publisher=INGEOMINAS |pages=1 |accessdate=2017-06-06}}
{{citation |last1=Buitrago |first1=José Alberto |last2=Terraza M. |first2=Roberto |author3-link=Fernando Etayo |last3=Etayo |first3=Fernando |year=1998 |title=Plancha 228 - Santafé de Bogotá Noreste - 1:100,000 |url=https://drive.google.com/open?id=0BwFQPMJEi17QTlNraVVZZ2ZCY0E |publisher=INGEOMINAS |pages=1 |accessdate=2017-06-06}}
{{citation |last1=Acosta |first1=Jorge E. |last2=Ulloa |first2=Carlos E. |year=1998 |title=Plancha 246 - Fusagasugá - 1:100,000 |url=https://drive.google.com/open?id=0BwFQPMJEi17QNkY5UEloZU9pdEk |publisher=INGEOMINAS |pages=1 |accessdate=2017-06-06}}
{{citation |last1=Nuñez |first1=Alberto |last2=Mosquera |first2=Dario |last3=Vesga |first3=Carlos J. |year=2009 |title=Plancha 263 - Ortega - 1:100,000 |url=https://drive.google.com/open?id=0BwFQPMJEi17QTjJXNjFDTVJQamM |publisher=INGEOMINAS |pages=1 |accessdate=2017-06-06}}
{{citation |last1=Acosta |first1=Jorge |last2=Calcedo |first2=Juan Carlos |last3=Ulloa |first3=Carlos |year=1999 |title=Plancha 265 - Icononzo - 1:100,000 |url=https://drive.google.com/open?id=0BwFQPMJEi17QUVIxRzhsZ2RyTk0 |publisher=INGEOMINAS |pages=1 |accessdate=2017-06-06}}
{{citation |last1=Acosta |first1=Jorge |last2=Caro |first2=Pablo |last3=Fuquen |first3=Jaime |last4=Osorno |first4=José |year=2002 |title=Plancha 303 - Colombia - 1:100,000 |publisher=INGEOMINAS |pages=1}}
{{citation |last1=Velandia |first1=Francisco |last2=Cepeda |first2=Héctor |year=2005 |title=Planchas 171 & 191 - Geología sector del sur del municipio de Paipa (Boyacá) - 1:25,000 |publisher=INGEOMINAS}}
{{citation |last=Various |first=Authors |year=1997 |title=Mapa geológico de Santa Fe de Bogotá – Geological Map Bogotá – 1:50,000 |url=http://seisan.sgc.gov.co/RSNC/Mapa_Geo.pdf |publisher=INGEOMINAS |pages=1 |accessdate=2017-03-16 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171122050046/http://200.119.88.135/RSNC/Mapa_Geo.pdf |date=2017-11-22 }}

External links

{{citation |last1=Gómez |first1=J. |last2=Montes |first2=N.E. |last3=Nivia |first3=Á. |last4=Diederix |first4=H. |year=2015 |title=Plancha 5-09 del Atlas Geológico de Colombia 2015 – escala 1:500,000 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/309533589 |publisher=Servicio Geológico Colombiano |pages=1 |accessdate=2017-03-16}}

Category:Geologic formations of Colombia

Category:Upper Cretaceous Series of South America

Category:Cretaceous Colombia

Category:Maastrichtian Stage of South America

Category:Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary

Category:Paleocene Series of South America

Category:Paleogene Colombia

Category:Danian Stage

Category:Peligran

Category:Tiupampan

Category:Fossiliferous stratigraphic units of South America

Category:Coal formations