Guarulhos

The name comes from the Tupi language, and means "Eaters", "big-bellied people"; a reference to the original indigenous inhabitants of the area.

It ranks eighth by GDP among Brazilian cities; second in São Paulo state. (source:IBGE, Brazil's national institute of statistics. GDP by cities report, published in 2005 with data from 2002). It is the tenth largest suburb in the world. The per capita income for the municipality is R$12,793. São Paulo/Guarulhos International Airport (GRU), one of the main Brazilian airports, is located there. The city is the seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Guarulhos.

The municipality contains part of the {{convert|7917|ha}} Cantareira State Park, created in 1962, which protects a large part of the metropolitan São Paulo water supply.{{citation|access-date=2016-12-10|language=pt|date=June 2009|last=Leonel|first=Cristiane|title=Plano de Manejo do Parque Estadual da Cantareira: Resumo Executivo|publisher=SEMA/SP|page=vi|url=http://www.ambiente.sp.gov.br/consema/files/2011/11/oficio_consema_2009_201/Reapresentacao_do_Resumo_Executivo_do_Plano_de_Manejo_do_Parque_Estadual_da_Cantareira.pdf}}{{dead link|date=August 2018|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}

It also contains part of the {{convert|292000|ha}} Mananciais do Rio Paraíba do Sul Environmental Protection Area, created in 1982 to protect the sources of the Paraíba do Sul river.{{citation|ref={{harvid|Unidade de Conservação ... MMA}}|language=pt

|title=Unidade de Conservação: Área de Proteção Ambiental Bacia Hidrográfica do Paraíba do Sul|publisher=MMA: Ministério do Meio Ambiente

|url=http://sistemas.mma.gov.br/cnuc/index.php?ido=relatorioparametrizado.exibeRelatorio&relatorioPadrao=true&idUc=1521|access-date=2016-10-01}}

Guarulhos was founded on December 8, 1560, by the Jesuit priest Manuel de Paiva and entitled Nossa Senhora da Conceição. Its origin is linked to five other small villages that were in charge of defending the boundaries of São Paulo de Piratininga Village against the Tamoios, a tribe of Indigenous people that lived in that region.{{cite web |url=http://novo.guarulhos.sp.gov.br/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=61&Itemid=292 |title=História da Cidade |publisher=novo.guarulhos.sp.gov.br/ |access-date=2011-05-30 |language=pt |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110527135922/http://novo.guarulhos.sp.gov.br/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=61&Itemid=292 |archive-date=2011-05-27 |url-status=dead }}

In the sixteenth century, Guarulhos was a strategic location: it bordered the future São Paulo's Capital and was surrounded by the Tietê (south), and Cabuçu de Cima (west) rivers. On that same period, was established, for similar purposes, São Miguel Village, called nowadays São Miguel Paulista District in São Paulo.

In 1880, Guarulhos emancipated from São Paulo and was named Nossa Senhora da Conceição dos Guarulhos. Its current name, Guarulhos, was adopted later, after the enactment of the law #1.021, on November 6, 1906.

At the beginning of the twentieth century, the city was remarked by the settlement of a railroad and the power electricity system (Light & Power C.O.), by numerous requests for the implantation of a telephone system, industrial building permits, by commercial activities, and public transportation.

During the 1930s, the city witnessed the actions of the Federal Intervention and the Constitutional Movement (Reflections of the Revolution that marked the end of the "Old Republic" during the 1930s in Brazil).

In 1940 the Monteiro Lobato Municipal Library was founded, in 1941, the first Health Center of the city, and ten years after that, the Holy House of Mercy of Guarulhos was established. On that decade arrive in the municipality industries from different sectors: electricity; metallurgy; plastics; food; rubber; footwear; vehicles; clocks, and leather.

In 1945 the São Paulo's Air Force Base (BASP) was transferred from Campo de Marte, a small airport in São Paulo, to the Cumbica neighborhood in Guarulhos.

In 1958 the Rotary Club established a branch in the city.

The Municipal Conservatory of Guarulhos was founded in 1961.

In 1963 the Commercial & Industrial Association of Guarulhos was founded, nowadays, the institution is called Commerce & Business Association of Guarulhos (Associação Comercial e Empresarial de Guarulhos – ACE).

With the big boom of the Industrial sector, a large number of manpower was drawn. This new population settled in an urban area on a continuous process of land occupation. At this rate the population grew from 35,000 in 1950 to 101,000 in 1960, from 237,000 in 1970 to 532,726 in 1980. Most of these citizens devoted themselves to Industrial activities in Guarulhos (that hosts around 2,000 establishments), and São Paulo.{{cite web|url=http://www.ibge.gov.br/cidadesat/painel/painel.php?codmun=351880# |title= IBGE Cidades Guarulhos-SP Histórico |publisher=www.ibge.gov.br/ |access-date=2011-05-30 |language= pt}}

In 1985 the Cumbica Airport was opened.{{cite web |url=http://www.guaru.com.br/secxx/detalhe.asp?codigo=99 |title=GUarulhos sec. XX |publisher=guaru.com.br/ |author=Kishi, Massami |access-date=2011-05-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111028054512/http://www.guaru.com.br/secxx/detalhe.asp?codigo=99 |archive-date=2011-10-28 |url-status=dead }} Today it is called "International Airport of São Paulo–Guarulhos Governor André Franco Montoro" (Aeroporto Internacional de São Paulo–Guarulhos Governador André Franco Montoro), the second-biggest airport in Latin America.{{cite web |url=http://www.airtransportnews.aero/analysis.pl?id=306 |title=Top 100 Airports by Seat Capacity Available on International Departing Flights |author=OAG MAX Online |access-date=2011-05-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080612184525/http://www.airtransportnews.aero/analysis.pl?id=306 |archive-date=2008-06-12 |url-status=dead }}

Between 2000 and 2006, its population grew three times as much as São Paulo State. According to IBGE, Guarulhos is the second most populous city in the State after São Paulo's capital. Most of its population is economically active and evenly distributed in terms of gender.{{cite web|url=http://www.ibge.gov.br/cidadesat/painel/painel.php?codmun=351880# |title= IBGE Cidades Guarulhos-SP População |publisher=www.ibge.gov.br/ |access-date=2011-05-30 |language= pt}}

• Rebeca Andrade, gymnast
• Natália Araujo, brazilian indoor volleyball player, World Championship runner-up
• Marques Batista de Abreu, footballer and, beginning in 2011, politician
• Cris, footballer
• Edson Ribeiro, sprinter
• Mamonas Assassinas, rock band from the 1990s
• David Braz, footballer
• Gabriel Martinelli, footballer
• Jaimerson Xavier, footballer.
• David da Silva, footballer.
• Vinícius Silvestre, footballer.
• Any Gabrielly, singer, actress, dancer, and model

Climate is characterized by relatively high temperatures and evenly distributed precipitation throughout the year. The Köppen Climate Classification subtype for this climate is "Cfa" (Humid Subtropical Climate).[http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=357738&cityname=Guarulhos%2C+Sao+Paulo%2C+Brazil&units= Climate Summary for Guarulhos]

{{Weather box|width=auto

|metric first=y

|single line=y

|collapsed = Y

|location = Guarulhos (1981–2010)

|Jan high C = 29.2

|Feb high C = 29.4

|Mar high C = 28.5

|Apr high C = 26.9

|May high C = 23.9

|Jun high C = 23.0

|Jul high C = 22.8

|Aug high C = 24.5

|Sep high C = 24.8

|Oct high C = 26.6

|Nov high C = 27.6

|Dec high C = 28.4

| year high C = 26.3

|Jan mean C = 23.4

|Feb mean C = 23.5

|Mar mean C = 22.8

|Apr mean C = 21.3

|May mean C = 18.5

|Jun mean C = 17.1

|Jul mean C = 16.6

|Aug mean C = 17.8

|Sep mean C = 18.8

|Oct mean C = 20.4

|Nov mean C = 21.5

|Dec mean C = 22.5

| year mean C = 20.4

|Jan low C = 19.1

|Feb low C = 19.2

|Mar low C = 18.6

|Apr low C = 17.1

|May low C = 14.3

|Jun low C = 12.5

|Jul low C = 12.0

|Aug low C = 12.7

|Sep low C = 14.1

|Oct low C = 15.8

|Nov low C = 16.9

|Dec low C = 18.1

| year low C = 15.9

|precipitation colour = green

|Jan precipitation mm = 269.1

|Feb precipitation mm = 224.9

|Mar precipitation mm = 203.9

|Apr precipitation mm = 86.6

|May precipitation mm = 79.0

|Jun precipitation mm = 41.7

|Jul precipitation mm = 48.5

|Aug precipitation mm = 32.1

|Sep precipitation mm = 88.9

|Oct precipitation mm = 122.5

|Nov precipitation mm = 134.8

|Dec precipitation mm = 226.8

|year precipitation mm = 1558.8

| unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm

| Jan precipitation days = 16

| Feb precipitation days = 14

| Mar precipitation days = 14

| Apr precipitation days = 7

| May precipitation days = 7

| Jun precipitation days = 4

| Jul precipitation days = 4

| Aug precipitation days = 3

| Sep precipitation days = 7

| Oct precipitation days = 9

| Nov precipitation days = 10

| Dec precipitation days = 15

| year precipitation days =

| Jan humidity = 75.4

| Feb humidity = 75.5

| Mar humidity = 75.5

| Apr humidity = 74.6

| May humidity = 75.9

| Jun humidity = 75.4

| Jul humidity = 74.1

| Aug humidity = 69.9

| Sep humidity = 72.6

| Oct humidity = 73.7

| Nov humidity = 73.0

| Dec humidity = 75.0

| year humidity = 74.2

|Jan sun = 141.1

|Feb sun = 136.6

|Mar sun = 156.1

|Apr sun = 162.1

|May sun = 157.5

|Jun sun = 155.2

|Jul sun = 162.0

|Aug sun = 169.9

|Sep sun = 127.2

|Oct sun = 138.2

|Nov sun = 145.2

|Dec sun = 139.5

|year sun = 1790.6

|source 1 = Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia{{cite web

| url = http://www.inmet.gov.br/portal/index.php?r=clima/normaisclimatologicas

| title = Normais Climatológicas Do Brasil 1981–2010

| publisher = Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia

| language = Portuguese

| accessdate = 21 May 2024}}

}}

The main highway to serve Guarulhos is the Rodovia Presidente Dutra, from São Paulo to Rio de Janeiro.

In 2018, the Companhia Paulista de Trens Metropolitanos commuter rail system's Line 13–Jade{{cite web|title=Trem de Guarulhos |url=http://www.revistaferroviaria.com.br/stip/apresentacoes/Aeroporto_GRT_Renato%20Viegas.pdf |access-date=4 June 2011 |language=pt |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120323232904/http://www.revistaferroviaria.com.br/stip/apresentacoes/Aeroporto_GRT_Renato%20Viegas.pdf |archive-date=23 March 2012 }} was opened, connecting São Paulo–Guarulhos International Airport with Engenheiro Goulart. In 2021, construction will begin on the first line of the São Paulo Metro to serve Guarulhos, Line 19–Sky Blue.{{cite web|url=https://www.railjournal.com/passenger/metros/sao-paulo-metro-begins-studies-to-build-line-19/|title=São Paulo Metro begins studies to build Line 19|date=6 August 2019|access-date=6 August 2019}}

São Paulo Air Force Base - BASP, a base of the Brazilian Air Force, is located in Guarulhos.

In telecommunications, the city was served by Telecomunicações de São Paulo.{{Cite web|url=https://www.imprensaoficial.com.br/DO/BuscaDO2001Documento_11_4.aspx?link=/1973/ineditoriais/abril/24/p1/pag_0054_DUI6O3SN7V5CNe7E7ANSRTTG04F.pdf&pagina=54&data=24/04/1973&caderno=Ineditoriais&paginaordenacao=100054|title=Creation of Telesp - April 12, 1973|access-date=2024-06-04|website=www.imprensaoficial.com.br|language=Portuguese}} In July 1998, this company was acquired by Telefónica, which adopted the Vivo brand in 2012. The company is currently an operator of cell phones, fixed lines, internet (fiber optics/4G) and television (satellite and cable).{{Cite web|url=https://ri.telefonica.com.br/en/the-company/our-history/|title=Our History - Telefônica RI|access-date=2024-06-04|website=Telefônica}}

• List of municipalities in São Paulo

{{Reflist}}

{{Wikivoyage|Guarulhos}}

{{Commons category-inline|Guarulhos}}

• {{in lang|pt}} [http://www.airporttown.com.br Locação de Galpões em Guarulhos].
• {{in lang|pt}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20101223033705/http://www.estacionamentoaeroportoguarulhos.com/ Estacionamento Aeroporto Guarulhos].
• {{in lang|pt}} [http://www.webbusca.com.br/pagam_guarulhos.htm Guarulhos - Yellow Pages] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060502065324/http://www.webbusca.com.br/pagam_guarulhos.htm |date=2006-05-02 }}.
• {{in lang|pt}} [http://www.guarulhos.sp.gov.br City Hall of Guarulhos] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130131194833/http://webgeo.guarulhos.sp.gov.br/webgeo/index.php |date=2013-01-31 }}.
• {{in lang|pt}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20110217175217/http://www.guarulhos.blog.br/ Guia de Guarulhos].
• {{in lang|pt}} [https://desentupidoraguarulhos.com.br/ Guarulhos].
• {{in lang|pt}} [http://www.guarulhosonline.com - Guarulhos Online].
• {{in lang|pt}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20100427024934/http://www.melhorprecodeguarulhos.com.br/ - Guia Guarulhos de Negócios].
• {{in lang|pt}} [http://www.encontraguarulhos.com.br/ Encontra Guarulhos - Find everything about Guarulhos city].
• {{in lang|pt}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20221202021923/https://guaurlhosmais.com/ Portal de Guarulhos - Portal of Guarulhos City].

{{Municipalities of São Paulo}}

{{Authority control}}

Category:Populated places established in 1560