Gull Rock Light Station

The diminutive island is the “peak of an underwater mountain” between the tip of the Keweenaw Peninsula and Manitou Island.

The bay on the eastern side of the Keweenaw Peninsula offers protection to mariners from the prevailing northwestern winds on Lake Superior;{{cite uscghist|MI|access-date=2009-08-19}} however, the passage by Gull Rock, a tiny islet about one-half mile off Manitou Island's western tip, proved a serious threat.[http://www.mcgi.state.mi.us/hso/sites/8161.htm Gull Rock Light Station] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606150914/http://www.mcgi.state.mi.us/hso/sites/8161.htm |date=2011-06-06 }} from the state of Michigan, retrieved 8/19/09 With that in mind, in 1866 Congress appropriated $15,000 for lighthouse construction on Gull Rock. Construction began in 1867 and the light was put into service on November 1 of the same year. The lighthouse shares its design with that of Granite Island Light and Huron Island Light Station.[http://www.terrypepper.com/lights/superior/gull-rock/index.htm Terry Pepper, Seeing the Light, Gull Rock Island Light Station.]

In 1901, a {{convert|40|ft|adj=on}} retaining wall was built northeast of the structure to protect the lighthouse from waves washing over the island. In 1913, the light was automated and responsibility for care of the light was transferred to the keeper of the nearby Manitou Island Light Station. Since that time, Gull Rock was all but abandoned and the station fell into disrepair. In 2005, the station was transferred to the Gull Rock Lightkeepers, a nonprofit organization. They are working to restore the lighthouse, which is still an active navigational aid.

The original Fourth Order Fresnel lens was manufactured by Barbier and Fenestre of Paris. It is said to be on display at Whitefish Point Great Lakes Shipwreck Museum, although Terry Pepper claims that the lens may be misidentified. Lighthouse painted white; lantern and gallery painted black; roofs are red. Gravely endangered by erosion and wave action, this lighthouse is on the Lighthouse Digest Doomsday List.

The lighthouse exterior was recently repaired and painted. The interior had been left open, and is in ruins with the removed roof jettisoned into it, and it suffered extensive water damage.[http://www.terrypepper.com/lights/superior/gull-rock/gullrock08.htm Shook, Jeff, (Michigan Lighthouse Conservancy) Terry Pepper, Interior photograph of Gull Island Light.]

The rocky shoals claimed six vessels, namely: Spokane (October 28, 1907), E.N. Saunders (May 30, 1910), L.C. Waldo (November 8, 1913), Taurus (November 27, 1918), Samuel Mather (October 19, 1923), Charles C. West (September 7, 1926). All were salvaged and removed to sail another day. The likely culprit was low visibility due to fog. The failure to place a fog signal would have been a factor. It is said that this was a low priority area, used by relatively few vessels, “as a short-cut . . . to find safety on the lee side of the point during northerly storms, [and not] a normal traffic route.”[http://www.lighthousedepot.com/lite_digest.asp?action=get_article&sk=1284&bhcd2=1251818278 Nelson, Don, Gull Rock Lighthouse (April, 2002)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110614085102/http://www.lighthousedepot.com/lite_digest.asp?action=get_article&sk=1284&bhcd2=1251818278 |date=2011-06-14 }} Lighthouse Digest. As noted by Terry Pepper, the author of Seeing the Light and the Director of the Great Lakes Light Keepers Association: "Two hundred and fifty feet in length and one hundred feet in width, the highest point of Gull Rock stood less than twelve feet above the water under the calmest conditions, becoming virtually invisible in the gray darkness of stormy days when vessels were most likely to be threading their way through the passage."

Major structural repairs were done on the light in the summer of 2012.{{cite news |url=http://www.mininggazette.com/page/content.detail/id/526884/Fixing-the-lighthouse.html?nav=5006 |title=Fixing the lighthouse |date=September 22, 2012 |first1=Stacey |last1=Kukkonen |publisher=The Daily Mining Gazette |place=Houghton, Michigan |access-date=September 24, 2012}}

File:Gull-rock-light-station-michigan-july-2017.jpg

The Gull Rock Light includes both the light tower and an attached keeper's house. The tower is constructed of brick, and measures {{convert|9|by|9|by|46|ft}} high with internal stairs. The lantern is iron with ten sides and vertical bars. The original lens was a Fourth Order Fresnel lens manufactured by Barbier and Fenestre of Paris. The original lens was replaced by a {{convert|250|mm|order=flip|adj=on}} acrylic lens; this lens continues to function in the light. The keeper's house is a two-story structure, constructed of brick with a gable roof. The house has suffered severe interior deterioration because of the length of time it has been abandoned. It formerly had a dormer, which is now missing.[http://www.michiganlights.com/gullrocklh.htm Gull Rock Lighthouse] from the Michigan Lighthouse Conservancy. A brick outhouse is also on site and survives to this day.

The light is closed and off limits to visitors. It may be seen by private boat or on lighthouse cruises run by the Keweenaw Star out of Houghton, Michigan, or by the Isle Royale Queen IV out of Copper Harbor, Michigan.

{{reflist|33em}}

• {{ARLHS link}}
• [http://www.gullrocklightkeepers.org Gull Rock Lightkeepers organization]
• [http://www.michiganlights.com/gullrocklh.htm Gull Rock Lighthouse] from the Michigan Lighthouse Conservancy

{{Lighthouses of Michigan}}

{{National Register of Historic Places listings in Keweenaw County, Michigan}}

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Category:Lighthouses completed in 1867

Category:Houses completed in 1867

Category:Lighthouses on the National Register of Historic Places in Michigan

Category:Lighthouses in Keweenaw County, Michigan

Category:Uninhabited islands of Michigan

Category:1867 establishments in Michigan

Category:National Register of Historic Places in Keweenaw County, Michigan