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Gyps

{{Short description|Genus of birds}}

{{Automatic taxobox

| image = Griffon.JPG

| image_caption = Gyps fulvus from Naumann, Natural history of the birds of central Europe, 3rd ed. 1899

| taxon = Gyps

| authority = Savigny, 1809

| type_species = Gyps vulgaris{{cite web |url= https://www.aviansystematics.org/4th-edition-checklist?viewfamilies=36 |title= Accipitridae |author= |date= |website= aviansystematics.org |publisher= The Trust for Avian Systematics |access-date= 2023-07-26}} = Vultur fulvus

| type_species_authority = Savigny, 1809

| subdivision_ranks = Species

| subdivision = 8 extant, 2 extinct; see text.

}}

Gyps is a genus of Old World vultures that was proposed by Marie Jules César Savigny in 1809. Its members are sometimes known as griffon vultures. Gyps vultures have a slim head, a long slender neck with downy feathers, and a ruff around the neck formed by long buoyant feathers. The crown of their big beaks is a little compressed, and their big dark nostrils are set transverse to the beak. They have six or seven wing feathers, of which the first is the shortest and the fourth the longest.

Taxonomy

The genus Gyps was introduced in 1809 by the French zoologist Marie Jules César Savigny to accommodate the Eurasian griffon vulture.{{ cite book | last=Savigny | first=Marie Jules César | author-link=Marie Jules César Savigny | year=1809 | title=Description de l'Égypte: Histoire naturelle | volume=1 | publisher=Imprimerie impériale | location=Paris | language=French | pages=[https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15989457 68], [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15989460 71]}}{{ cite book | editor1-last=Mayr | editor1-first=Ernst | editor1-link=Ernst Mayr | editor2-last=Cottrell | editor2-first=G. William | year=1979 | title=Check-List of Birds of the World | volume=1 | edition=2nd | publisher=Museum of Comparative Zoology | place=Cambridge, Massachusetts | page=305 | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/16108945 }} The genus name is from Ancient Greek gups meaning "vulture".{{cite book | last=Jobling | first=James A. | year=2010| title=The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names | publisher=Christopher Helm | location=London | isbn=978-1-4081-2501-4 | page=183 | url=https://archive.org/stream/Helm_Dictionary_of_Scientific_Bird_Names_by_James_A._Jobling#page/n183/mode/1up }} The genus contains eight extant species.{{cite web| editor1-last=Gill | editor1-first=Frank | editor1-link=Frank Gill (ornithologist) | editor2-last=Donsker | editor2-first=David | editor3-last=Rasmussen | editor3-first=Pamela | editor3-link=Pamela Rasmussen | date=August 2022 | title=Hoatzin, New World vultures, Secretarybird, raptors | work=IOC World Bird List Version 12.2 | url=https://www.worldbirdnames.org/bow/raptors/| publisher=International Ornithologists' Union | access-date=2 December 2022 }}

class="wikitable"
ImageNameDistribution and IUCN Red List status
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|frameless

Eurasian griffon vulture G. fulvus (Hablitz, 1783){{cite journal |author=Hablitz, C. L. |year=1783 |title=Vultur fulvus Briss. |journal=Neue nordische Beyträge zur physikalischen und geographischen Erd- und Völkerbeschreibung, Naturgeschichte und Oekonomie |volume=4 |url=https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/id/PPN332461483_0004?tify={%22pages%22:[62],%22view%22:%22info%22} |pages=58–59}}frameless
{{IUCN status|LC}}{{cite iucn |title=Gyps fulvus |author=BirdLife International |author-link=BirdLife International |year=2017 |page=e.T22695219A118593677}}
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|frameless

White-rumped vulture G. bengalensis (Gmelin, 1788){{cite book |author=Gmelin, J. F. |year=1788 |title=Caroli a Linné, Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis |location=Lipsiae |publisher=Georg Emanuel Beer |edition=13th aucta, reformata |volume=I |chapter=Vultur bengalensis |pages=245–246 |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/carolialinnsyst00linngoog/page/n259/mode/2up}}India and Nepal, Pakistan
{{IUCN status|CR}}{{cite iucn |title=Gyps bengalensis |author=BirdLife International |date=2017 |page=e.T22695194A118307773}}
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Cape vulture G. coprotheres (Forster, 1798){{cite book |author=Forster, J. R. |year=1798 |title=F. le Vaillant's Naturgeschichte der afrikanischen Vögel |location=Halle |publisher=Bey Fried. Christoph Dreyssig |pages=35–37 |chapter=Le Chasse-siente, der Rothjäger. No. 10 (V. Coprotheres) |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/flevaillantsnatu00leva/page/n71/mode/2up}}Southern Africa

{{IUCN status|VU}}{{cite iucn |title=Gyps coprotheres |author=BirdLife International |date=2021 |page=e.T22695225A197073171 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T22695225A197073171.en |access-date=10 December 2021}}

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Indian vulture G. indicus (Scopoli, 1786){{cite book |author=Scopoli, J. A. |year=1786–88 |title=Deliciae Flora et Fauna Insubricae Ticini. An account including new descriptions of the birds and mammals collected by Pierre Sonnerat on his voyages |location=London |publisher=C. J. Clay |pages=7–18 |chapter=Aves |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/cu31924005326800/page/n13/mode/2up}}Pakistan, India and Nepal
{{IUCN status|CR}}{{cite iucn |title=Gyps indicus |author=BirdLife International |year=2017 |page=e.T22729731A117875047}}
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|frameless

Slender-billed vulture G. tenuirostris Gray, 1844{{cite book |author=Gray, G.R. |year=1844 |title=The genera of birds : comprising their generic characters, a notice of the habits of each genus, and an extensive list of species referred to their several genera |volume=1 |publisher=Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans |location=London |chapter=Vulturinae, or Vultures |pages=5–6 |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/generabirdsIGray/page/6/mode/2up}}India
{{IUCN status|CR}}{{cite iucn |title=Gyps tenuirostris |author=BirdLife International |year=2017 |page=e.T22729460A117367614}}
framelessRüppell's vulture G. rueppelli (Brehm, 1852){{cite journal |author=Brehm, A. |year=1852 |title=Beiträge zur Ornithologie Nord-Ost Afrikas, mit besonderer Rücksicht auf die in Europa vorkommenden Arten der Vögel |journal=Naumannia |volume=2 |issue=3 |pages=38–51 |url=https://archive.org/details/naumanniaarchivf02deut/page/44/mode/2up}}Sahel and East Africa
{{IUCN status|CR}}{{cite iucn |title=Gyps rueppelli |author=BirdLife International |page=e.T22695207A118595083 |year=2017}}
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White-backed vulture G. africanus Salvadori, 1865{{cite journal |author=Salvadori, T. |year=1865 |title=Descrizione di una nuova species d'Avoltojo (Gyps africana) |journal=Gazzetta Ufficiale del Regno d'Italia |issue=126 |page=1 |url=http://augusto.agid.gov.it/gazzette/index/download/id/1865126_PM}}West and center, East, Southern Africa
{{IUCN status|CR}}{{cite iucn |title=Gyps africanus |author=BirdLife International |author-link=BirdLife International |year=2018 |page=e.T22695189A126667006}}
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Himalayan vulture G. himalayensis Hume, 1869{{cite book |author=Hume, A. O. H. |year=1869 |title=My scrap book: or rough notes on Indian oology and ornithology |location=Calcutta |publisher=C.B. Lewis, Baptist Mission Press |pages=12–18 |chapter=Gyps fulvus, Gmel. (Gyps himalayensis, nobis.) |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/myscrapbookorrou00hume/page/12/mode/2up}}frameless
{{IUCN status|NT}}{{cite iucn |title=Gyps himalayensis |author=BirdLife International |year=2016 |page=e.T22695215A118594518}}

Two fossil species have been described:

  • † Maltese vulture G. melitensis Lydekker, 1890{{cite journal |author1=Lydekker, R. |year=1890 |title=On the remains of some large extinct birds from the cavern-deposits of Malta |journal=Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London |volume=28 |issue=III |pages=403–411 |url=https://archive.org/details/proceedingsofgen90scie/page/404/mode/2up}} – Fossil remains were found in Middle to Late Pleistocene sites all over the central and eastern Mediterranean.{{cite journal |author=Marco, A. S. |year=2007 |title=New occurrences of the extinct vulture Gyps melitensis (Falconiformes, Aves) and a reappraisal of the paleospecies |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |volume=27 |issue=4 |pages=1057–1061|doi=10.1671/0272-4634(2007)27[1057:NOOTEV]2.0.CO;2 |s2cid=198131101 }}
  • † G. bochenskii Boev, 2010 – Fossil remains were found near Varshets in northwestern Bulgaria that were dated to the Late Pliocene.{{cite journal |author=Boev, Z. |year=2010 |title=Gyps bochenskii sp. n. (Aves: Falconiformes) from the Late Pliocene of Varshets (NW Bulgaria) |journal=Acta Zoologica Bulgarica |volume=62 |issue=2 |pages=211–242 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/297836235}}

References

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Category:Bird genera

Category:Taxa named by Marie Jules César Savigny