HBGary

The company was founded by Greg Hoglund in 2003. In 2008, it joined the McAfee Security Innovation Alliance. The CEO made presentations at the Black Hat Briefings, the RSA Conference, and other computer security conferences. HBGary also analyzed the GhostNet and Operation Aurora events.

HBGary Federal had been set up with Aaron Barr as CEO instead of Hoglund to provide services and tools to the US government, which might require security clearance. As HBGary Federal could not meet revenue projections, in early 2011 negotiations about the sale of HBGary Federal were in progress with two interested companies.

HBGary was acquired by ManTech International in February 2012.

{{see also|Timeline of events involving Anonymous#Attack on HBGary Federal}}

{{quote box|align=right|width=33%|quote = Step 1 : Gather all the data
Step 2 : ???
Step 3 : Profit|source=HBGary programmer to Barr disparaging his plan with a reference to an episode of South Park.}}

In 2010, Aaron Barr, CEO of HBGary Federal, alleged that he could exploit social media to gather information about hackers.

In early 2011, Barr claimed to have used his techniques to infiltrate Anonymous,{{Cite web |date=2011-02-08 |title=Hacktivists take control of internet security firms |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/media/online/hacktivists-take-control-of-internet-security-firms-2207440.html |access-date=2022-07-27 |website=The Independent |language=en |archive-date=12 February 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110212112758/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/media/online/hacktivists-take-control-of-internet-security-firms-2207440.html |url-status=live }}{{Cite web |last=Menn |first=Joseph |date=2011-02-04 |title=Cyberactivists warned of arrest |url=https://www.ft.com/content/87dc140e-3099-11e0-9de3-00144feabdc0 |access-date=2022-12-19 |website=Financial Times |archive-date=27 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220727185741/https://www.ft.com/content/87dc140e-3099-11e0-9de3-00144feabdc0 |url-status=live }} partly by using IRC, Facebook, Twitter, and by social engineering. His e-mails depict his intention to release information on the identities of Anonymous members at the B-Sides conference and to sell it to possible clients, including the FBI.{{Cite web |last=Olson |first=Parmy |title=Victim Of Anonymous Attack Speaks Out |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/parmyolson/2011/02/07/victim-of-anonymous-attack-speaks-out/ |access-date=2022-07-27 |website=Forbes |language=en |archive-date=27 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220727185741/https://www.forbes.com/sites/parmyolson/2011/02/07/victim-of-anonymous-attack-speaks-out/ |url-status=live }} In the e-mails, Barr explained that he identified his list of suspected Anonymous "members" by tracing connections through social media, while his main programmer criticized this methodology. In a communiqué, Anonymous denied association with the individuals that Barr named.{{Cite web|title = How one man tracked down Anonymous—and paid a heavy price|url = https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2011/02/how-one-security-firm-tracked-anonymousand-paid-a-heavy-price/|website = Ars Technica|date = 10 February 2011|access-date = 2016-02-20|archive-date = 7 July 2017|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170707134721/https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2011/02/how-one-security-firm-tracked-anonymousand-paid-a-heavy-price/|url-status = live}}

On 5–6 February 2011, Anonymous compromised the HBGary website, copied tens of thousands of documents from both HBGary Federal and HBGary, Inc., posted tens of thousands of both companies' emails online, and usurped Barr's Twitter account in apparent revenge.{{Cite web |last=Olson |first=Parmy |title=Anonymous Takes Revenge On Security Firm For Trying To Sell Supporters' Details To FBI |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/parmyolson/2011/02/06/anonymous-takes-revenge-on-security-firm-for-trying-to-sell-supporters-details-to-fbi/ |access-date=2022-07-27 |website=Forbes |language=en |archive-date=27 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220727185732/https://www.forbes.com/sites/parmyolson/2011/02/06/anonymous-takes-revenge-on-security-firm-for-trying-to-sell-supporters-details-to-fbi/ |url-status=live }}{{Cite web|url=http://www.h-online.com/security/features/Anonymous-makes-a-laughing-stock-of-HBGary-1198176.html|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131208062435/http://www.h-online.com/security/features/Anonymous-makes-a-laughing-stock-of-HBGary-1198176.html|archive-date = 8 December 2013|title = Anonymous makes a laughing stock of HBGary - the H Security: News and Features}} Anonymous also claimed to have wiped Barr's iPad remotely. The Anonymous group responsible for these attacks became part of LulzSec.{{cite news|last=Acohido|first=Byron|title=Who's who among key LulzSec hackitivists|url=http://content.usatoday.com/communities/technologylive/post/2011/06/whos-who-among-key-lulzsec-hackitivists/1|access-date=3 June 2013|newspaper=USA Today|date=20 June 2011|archive-date=23 June 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110623044109/http://content.usatoday.com/communities/technologylive/post/2011/06/whos-who-among-key-lulzsec-hackitivists/1?|url-status=live}}

Some of the documents taken by Anonymous show HBGary Federal was working on behalf of Bank of America to respond to WikiLeaks' planned release of the bank's internal documents. "Potential proactive tactics against WikiLeaks include feeding the fuel between the feuding groups, disinformation, creating messages around actions to sabotage or discredit the opposing organization, and submitting fake documents to WikiLeaks and then calling out the error."{{Cite web |date=2011-02-12 |title=Firm targeting WikiLeaks cuts ties with HBGary - apologizes to reporter - Security |url=http://www.thetechherald.com/article.php/201106/6804/Firm-targeting-WikiLeaks-cuts-ties-with-HBGary-apologizes-to-reporter |access-date=2022-07-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110212063613/http://www.thetechherald.com/article.php/201106/6804/Firm-targeting-WikiLeaks-cuts-ties-with-HBGary-apologizes-to-reporter |archive-date=12 February 2011 }}

As a means of undermining Wikileaks, Aaron Barr suggested faking documents to damage Wikileaks' reputation and conducting "cyber attacks against the infrastructure to get data on document submitters. This would kill the project". He also suggested pressuring journalist Glenn Greenwald and other supporters of Wikileaks, who, Barr suggested, would choose to abandon support for Wikileaks in order to preserve their careers.{{cite web |last1=Anderson |first1=Nate |title=Spy games: Inside the convoluted plot to bring down WikiLeaks |url=https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2011/02/the-ridiculous-plan-to-attack-wikileaks/ |website=Ars Technica |access-date=17 October 2021 |language=en-us |date=14 February 2011 |archive-date=17 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211017160613/https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2011/02/the-ridiculous-plan-to-attack-wikileaks/ |url-status=live }}

In the emails, two employees of HBGary referenced a blog post that endorsed manipulating translation software in order to 'mitigate' damaging content within information leaks.{{cite web | url=http://wikileaksdecrypted.com/bankofamerica-wikileaks-hbgary-palantir/ | title=辽宁住宿票 餐饮票-辽宁开酒店票-晋中出租车票-的士票 | access-date=30 November 2016 | archive-date=1 December 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161201080615/http://wikileaksdecrypted.com/bankofamerica-wikileaks-hbgary-palantir/ | url-status=live }}

Emails indicate Palantir Technologies, Berico Technologies, and the law firm Hunton & Williams, which was acting for Bank of America at the recommendation of the US Justice Department, all cooperated on the project. Other e-mails appear to show the U.S. Chamber of Commerce contracted the firms to spy on and discredit unions and liberal groups.

The conflict with Anonymous caused substantial public relations damage. As a result, the involved organizations took steps to distance themselves from HBGary and HBGary Federal:

• 7 February 2011: Penny Leavy, President of HBGary Inc., entered an Anonymous IRC channel to negotiate with the group. She distanced her company from their partially owned subsidiary HBGary Federal, clarified the separation of the two, and asked Anonymous to refrain from attacks or leaks that would damage HBGary Inc. and its customers.
• 10 February 2011: The Chamber of Commerce issued a statement denying they hired HBGary, calling the allegation a "baseless smear," and criticizing the Center for American Progress and its blog, ThinkProgress, for "the illusion of a connection between HBGary, its CEO Aaron Barr and the Chamber." The Chamber denied the truth of accusations previously leveled by ThinkProgress, stating "No money, for any purpose, was paid to any of those three private security firms by the Chamber, or by anyone on behalf of the Chamber, including Hunton and Williams."
• 11 February 2011: Palantir's CEO apologized to Glenn Greenwald and severed "any and all contacts" with HBGary.
• The CEO and COO of Berico similarly stated that they had "discontinued all ties" with HBGary Federal.{{Cite web |url=http://www.thetechherald.com/articles/Berico-Technologies-severs-ties-with-HBGary-over-WikiLeaks-plot |title=Berico Technologies severs ties with HBGary over WikiLeaks plot |access-date=27 January 2012 |archive-date=2 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120102111303/http://www.thetechherald.com/articles/Berico-Technologies-severs-ties-with-HBGary-over-WikiLeaks-plot |url-status=dead }}
• 28 February 2011: Aaron Barr announced his resignation from HBGary Federal to "focus on taking care of my family and rebuilding my reputation."{{cite web|url=http://threatpost.com/en_us/blogs/hbgary-federal-ceo-aaron-barr-steps-down-022811|title=HBGary Federal CEO Aaron Barr Steps Down|author=Paul Roberts|date=28 February 2011|publisher=threatpost.com|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110302032344/http://threatpost.com/en_us/blogs/hbgary-federal-ceo-aaron-barr-steps-down-022811|archive-date=2 March 2011}}
• 1 March 2011: 17 members of the United States Congress called for a congressional investigation for possible violation of federal law by Hunton & Williams and "Team Themis" (the partnership between Palantir Technologies, Berico Technologies, and HBGary Federal).{{cite web|url=http://www.salon.com/news/politics/war_room/2011/03/01/hunton_williams_investigation|title=Democrats call for probe of top D.C. law firm|author=Justin Elliott|date=1 March 2011|work=salon.com|access-date=1 March 2011|archive-date=5 March 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110305172611/http://www.salon.com/news/politics/war_room/2011/03/01/hunton_williams_investigation|url-status=live}}
• 16 March 2011: The House Armed Services Subcommittee on Emerging Threats and Capabilities asked the Defense Department and the National Security Agency to provide any contracts with HBGary Federal, Palantir Technologies and Berico Technologies for investigation.{{cite magazine | url=https://www.wired.com/threatlevel/2011/03/congress-and-hbgary/ | magazine=Wired | first=Kim | last=Zetter | title=Congress Asks to Review DoD and NSA Contracts With HBGary | date=17 March 2011 | access-date=7 March 2017 | archive-date=8 August 2013 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130808073315/http://www.wired.com/threatlevel/2011/03/congress-and-hbgary/ | url-status=live }}

It has been reported that HBGary Federal was contracted by the US government to develop astroturfing software which could create an "army" of multiple fake social media profiles.{{cite web|url=http://blogs.computerworld.com/17852/army_of_fake_social_media_friends_to_promote_propaganda|title=Army of fake social media friends to promote propaganda|author=Darlene Storm|date=22 February 2011|publisher=Computerworld Inc.|access-date=2011-02-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110224055843/http://blogs.computerworld.com/17852/army_of_fake_social_media_friends_to_promote_propaganda|archive-date=24 February 2011|url-status=dead}}{{cite web|url=http://www.boingboing.net/2011/02/18/hbgarys-high-volume.html|title=HBGary's high-volume astroturfing technology and the Feds who requested it|author=Cory Doctorow|date=18 February 2011|publisher=BoingBoing|access-date=2011-02-25|archive-date=21 February 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110221091653/http://www.boingboing.net/2011/02/18/hbgarys-high-volume.html?|url-status=live}}

HBGary had made numerous threats of cyber-attacks against WikiLeaks. The hacked emails revealed HBGary Inc. was working on the development of a new type of Windows rootkit, code-named Magenta, that would be "undetectable" and "almost impossible to remove."

In October 2010, Greg Hoglund proposed to Barr creating "a large set of unlicensed Windows 7 themes for video games and movies appropriate for the Middle East & Asia"{{sic}} which "would contain back doors" as part of an ongoing campaign to attack support for WikiLeaks.

On 29 February 2012, ManTech International announced its purchase of HBGary, Inc.{{cite news |last=Leyden |first=John |title=US gov IT services vendor swallows HBGary |url=https://www.theregister.co.uk/2012/02/29/hbgary_mantech/ |access-date=26 April 2012 |newspaper=The Register |date=29 February 2012 |archive-date=13 April 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120413155147/http://www.theregister.co.uk/2012/02/29/hbgary_mantech/ |url-status=live }} Financial terms of the acquisition were not disclosed other than to say it was an "asset purchase", which excludes legal and financial liabilities.

{{Reflist|30em|refs=

{{cite web |url=http://crowdleaks.org/hbgary-inc-working-on-secret-rootkit-project-codename-magenta/ |title=HBGary INC. working on secret rootkit project. Codename: "MAGENTA" |date=2011-02-14 |publisher=Crowdleaks |access-date=2011-02-14 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110217201027/http://crowdleaks.org/hbgary-inc-working-on-secret-rootkit-project-codename-magenta/ |archive-date=17 February 2011}}

{{cite news |url=https://blogs.forbes.com/parmyolson/2011/02/07/victim-of-anonymous-attack-speaks-out/ |title=Victim of Anonymous Attack Speaks Out |last=Olson |first=Parmy |date=2011-02-07 |work=Forbes |access-date=2011-02-11 |archive-date=16 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716051949/http://blogs.forbes.com/parmyolson/2011/02/07/victim-of-anonymous-attack-speaks-out/ |url-status=live }}

{{cite news |title='Hacktivists' retaliate against security expert |first=Joseph |last=Menn |url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/0c9ff214-32e3-11e0-9a61-00144feabdc0.html |newspaper=Financial Times |date=2011-02-07 |access-date=2011-02-11 |archive-date=11 February 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110211215901/http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/0c9ff214-32e3-11e0-9a61-00144feabdc0.html |url-status=live }}

{{cite news |title=(Virtually) face to face: how Aaron Barr revealed himself to Anonymous |first=Nate |last=Anderson |url=https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/news/2011/02/virtually-face-to-face-when-aaron-barr-met-anonymous.ars |newspaper=Ars Technica |date=2011-02-10 |access-date=2011-02-11 |archive-date=9 May 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120509130941/http://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/news/2011/02/virtually-face-to-face-when-aaron-barr-met-anonymous.ars |url-status=live }}

{{cite news |title=How one man tracked down Anonymous—and paid a heavy price |first=Nate |last=Anderson |url=https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/news/2011/02/how-one-security-firm-tracked-anonymousand-paid-a-heavy-price.ars |newspaper=Ars Technica |date=2011-02-09 |access-date=2011-02-09 |archive-date=9 May 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120509132651/http://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/news/2011/02/how-one-security-firm-tracked-anonymousand-paid-a-heavy-price.ars |url-status=live }}

{{cite news |title=Anonymous speaks: the inside story of the HBGary hack |first=Peter |last=Bright |url=https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/news/2011/02/anonymous-speaks-the-inside-story-of-the-hbgary-hack.ars |newspaper=Ars Technica |date=2011-02-15 |access-date=2011-02-18 |archive-date=8 May 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120508124737/http://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/news/2011/02/anonymous-speaks-the-inside-story-of-the-hbgary-hack.ars/ |url-status=live }}

{{cite news |title=Anonymous vs. HBGary: the aftermath |first=Nate |last=Anderson |url=https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/news/2011/02/anonymous-vs-hbgary-the-aftermath.ars/2 |newspaper=Ars Technica |date=2011-02-24 |access-date=2011-02-25 |archive-date=9 April 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120409042934/http://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/news/2011/02/anonymous-vs-hbgary-the-aftermath.ars/2 |url-status=live }}

[https://www.blackhat.com/html/bh-us-10/training/bh-us-10-training_HBG-BasMalResponder.html Basic Malware Analysis Using Responder Professional by HBGary]. Black Hat #174; Technical Security Conference: USA 2010 retr 2011-02-11

[http://www.hbgary.com/ HBGary :: Detect. Diagnose. Respond.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140707150352/http://www.hbgary.com/ |date=7 July 2014 }}

HBGary official website, via www.hbgary.com on 2011 02 11

{{cite web |url=http://www.thetechherald.com/article.php/201106/6798/Data-intelligence-firms-proposed-a-systematic-attack-against-WikiLeaks?page=1 |title=Data intelligence firms proposed a systematic attack against WikiLeaks |last=Ragan |first=Steve |date=2011-02-09 |work=The Tech Herald |publisher=Monsters and Critics |access-date=2011-02-11 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110211024334/http://www.thetechherald.com/article.php/201106/6798/Data-intelligence-firms-proposed-a-systematic-attack-against-WikiLeaks?page=1 |archive-date=11 February 2011}}

[https://www.hbgary.com/company/about/ HBGary At A Glance] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090328044411/http://www.hbgary.com/company/about/ |date=28 March 2009 }}, www.hbgary.com,

{{cite news |title=Anonymous security firm hack used every trick in book |first=John |last=Leyden |url=https://www.theregister.co.uk/2011/02/17/hbgary_hack_redux/ |newspaper=The Register |date=2011-02-17 |access-date=2011-02-18 |archive-date=7 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170707011009/https://www.theregister.co.uk/2011/02/17/hbgary_hack_redux/ |url-status=live }}

[http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20110211/11013413056/play-play-how-hbgary-federal-tried-to-expose-anonymous-got-hacked-instead.shtml?threaded=false&sp=1 Play By Play Of How HBGary Federal Tried To Expose Anonymous... And Got Hacked Instead] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110320030043/http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20110211/11013413056/play-play-how-hbgary-federal-tried-to-expose-anonymous-got-hacked-instead.shtml?threaded=false&sp=1 |date=20 March 2011 }} Mike Masnick, TechDirt.com 11 Feb. 2011

[http://www.forensicfocus.com/index.php?name=News&file=article&sid=1103 HBGary Unveils Digital DNA™ Technology] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110711020048/http://www.forensicfocus.com/index.php?name=News&file=article&sid=1103 |date=11 July 2011 }} , Press Release, karenb, forensicfocus.com 3 12 2009, retr 2011-02-11

[http://www.darkreading.com/database-security/167901020/security/news/225700716/index.html Researcher 'Fingerprints' The Bad Guys Behind The Malware] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110708233110/http://www.darkreading.com/database-security/167901020/security/news/225700716/index.html |date=8 July 2011 }}, Kelly J. Higgins, Dark Reading, 6 22 2010, retr 2011-02-11

{{cite news |title=Firm in WikiLeaks plot has deep ties to Feds |first=Justin |last=Elliott |url=http://www.salon.com/news/politics/war_room/2011/02/16/hbgary_federal |newspaper=Salon.com |date=2011-02-16 |access-date=2011-02-16 |archive-date=27 February 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110227045147/http://www.salon.com/news/politics/war_room/2011/02/16/hbgary_federal |url-status=live }}

{{cite web |url=http://www.chamberpost.com/2011/02/more-baseless-attacks-on-the-chamber/ |title=More Baseless Attacks on the Chamber |last=Collamore |first=Tom |date=2011-02-10 |publisher=US Chamber of Commerce |access-date=2011-02-18 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110216182620/http://www.chamberpost.com/2011/02/more-baseless-attacks-on-the-chamber/ |archive-date=16 February 2011}}

{{cite web |url=http://www.chamberpost.com/2011/02/another-smear-from-the-center-for-american-progress/ |title=Another Smear from the Center for American Progress |last=Collamore |first=Tom |date=2011-02-11 |publisher=US Chamber of Commerce |access-date=2011-02-18 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110217180204/http://www.chamberpost.com/2011/02/another-smear-from-the-center-for-american-progress/ |archive-date=17 February 2011}}

[http://emptywheel.firedoglake.com/2011/02/10/will-the-chamber-continue-wits-hbgary-work-now-that-theyve-been-hacked/ Hacked Documents Show Chamber Engaged HBGary to Spy on Unions] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110213165442/http://emptywheel.firedoglake.com/2011/02/10/will-the-chamber-continue-wits-hbgary-work-now-that-theyve-been-hacked/ |date=13 February 2011 }} emptywheel, FireDogLake, 10 Feb. 2011

[http://pastebin.com/x69Akp5L Pastebin - log of Anonymous IRC channel audience with Penny Leavy of HBGary Inc] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110217082800/http://pastebin.com/x69Akp5L |date=17 February 2011 }} Anonymous, pastebin 7 Feb. 2011

{{cite news |title=Spy games: Inside the convoluted plot to bring down WikiLeaks |first=Nate |last=Anderson |url=https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/news/2011/02/the-ridiculous-plan-to-attack-wikileaks.ars |newspaper=Ars Technica |date=2011-02-14 |access-date=2011-04-10 |archive-date=9 May 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120509132431/http://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/news/2011/02/the-ridiculous-plan-to-attack-wikileaks.ars |url-status=live }}

[https://web.archive.org/web/20110207111445/http://img838.imageshack.us/img838/2294/internetsanon.jpg Anonymous statement from hacked HBGary Website] Anonymous, Feb. 2011

{{cite web |url=http://thinkprogress.org/2011/02/10/lobbyists-chamberleaks/ |title=EXCLUSIVE: US Chamber's Lobbyists Solicited Hackers To Sabotage Unions, Smear Chamber's Political Opponents |last=Fang |first=Lee |date=2011-02-10 |work=Think Progress |publisher=Center for American Progress |access-date=2011-02-10 |archive-date=1 March 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110301044747/http://thinkprogress.org/2011/02/10/lobbyists-chamberleaks |url-status=live }}

}}

• [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mDBdUHluD6M video of using HBGary's Flypaper product]
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20110223184228/http://www.usaspending.gov/search?query=&searchtype=&formFields=eyJSZWNpcGllbnROYW1lTGNhc2UiOlsiSGJnYXJ5ICBJbmMuIl19 Prime Award Spending Data for HBGary], www.usaspending.gov
• [https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/news/2011/02/black-ops-how-hbgary-wrote-backdoors-and-rootkits-for-the-government.ars/ Black ops: how HBGary wrote backdoors for the government] (by Nate Anderson, ars technica)
• [http://www.bizjournals.com/sacramento/news/2015/07/16/former-hbgary-cybersecurity-operation-new-owner.html CounterTack taking over Sacramento operation of ManTech Cyber Solutions, formerly HBGary]

{{Hacking in the 2010s}}

Category:Companies based in Sacramento, California

Category:Computer security companies

Category:Security consulting firms