HLX-1
{{Short description|Intermediate mass black hole candidate located in the lenticular galaxy ESO 24349}}
{{Starbox begin
| name = Hyper-Luminous Xray source 1
}}
{{Starbox image
| image = 250px
| caption = ESO 243-49 (center) with HLX-1 (circled)
}}
{{Starbox observe
| epoch=J2000
| constell=Phoenix{{cite web | last = Beatty | first = Kelly | url = http://www.skyandtelescope.com/community/skyblog/newsblog/49871412.html | title = New Candidates for Midsize Black Holes | date = 2009-07-03 | accessdate = 2012-02-17 | publisher = Sky & Telescope | archive-date = 2012-05-03 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120503184241/http://www.skyandtelescope.com/community/skyblog/newsblog/49871412.html | url-status = dead }}
| ra={{RA|01|10|28.2}}
}}
{{Starbox detail
| mass = 102–105
}}
{{Starbox reference
| Simbad = %5BFWB2009%5D+HLX-1
}}
{{Starbox end}}
Hyper-Luminous X-ray source 1, commonly known as HLX-1, is an intermediate-mass black hole candidate located in the lenticular galaxy ESO 243-49 about 290 million light-years from Earth. The mass of its central black hole is estimated to be approximately 20,000 solar masses.{{cite web | url=http://annesastronomynews.com/photo-gallery-ii/galaxies-clusters/eso-243-49/ | title=ESO 243-49, a large spiral galaxy in Phoenix | date=3 November 2012 }} The source was discovered at the Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie (IRAP, formerly the CESR), Toulouse, France and gained interest from the scientific community because of strong evidence supporting it as an intermediate-mass black hole.{{cite journal | last = Farrell | first = Sean | title = An intermediate-mass black hole of over 500 solar masses in the galaxy ESO 243-49 | date = 2009-07-02 | journal = Nature | volume=460| issue = 7251 | pages = 73–5 | arxiv = 1001.0567 | doi = 10.1038/nature08083 | pmid = 19571880 | bibcode = 2009Natur.460...73F | s2cid = 4344293 }} HLX-1 is possibly the remnant of a dwarf galaxy that may have been in a galactic collision with ESO 243-49.{{Cite journal| last = Webb | first = Natalie | arxiv = 1002.3625| title = Chandra and Swift Follow-up Observations of the Intermediate Mass Black Hole in ESO 243-49 | journal = The Astrophysical Journal | volume = 712 | issue = 1 | pages = L107–L110 | date = 2010-02-19 | doi = 10.1088/2041-8205/712/1/L107 | bibcode = 2010ApJ...712L.107W | s2cid = 118393250 }}
Discovery
The object was first observed in November 2004, in which it was seen as a source emitting X-rays in the outskirts of the spiral galaxy ESO 243-49 and was catalogued as 2XMM J011028.1-460421, but nicknamed "HLX-1".{{cite web | last = Ford | first = Matt | url = https://arstechnica.com/science/news/2009/07/a-black-hole-that-is-just-right.ars | title = Odd Black Hole Is Last Survivor of Its Galaxy | date = 2009-07-02 | publisher = Ars Technica }} In 2008, a team of astronomers led by Natalie Webb at the Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie in Toulouse, France, discovered HLX-1 and from the very high X-ray luminosity (~{{val|1|e=42|u= erg s−1}}, 0.2–10.0 keV), as well as its X-ray characteristics, proposed that it was an intermediate mass black hole candidate.
Follow up analysis using further X-ray,{{Cite journal| last = Godet | first = Olivier | arxiv = 0909.4458| title = First evidence for spectral state transitions in the ESO243-49 hyper luminous X-ray source HLX-1 | journal = The Astrophysical Journal | volume = 705 | issue = 2 | pages = L109–L112 | date = 2009-09-24 | doi = 10.1088/0004-637X/705/2/L109 | bibcode = 2009ApJ...705L.109G | s2cid = 272396 }}{{Cite journal| last = Godet | first = Olivier | arxiv = 1204.3461| title = Investigating slim disk solutions for HLX-1 in ESO 243-49 | journal = The Astrophysical Journal | volume = 752 | issue = 1 | pages = 34 | date = 2012-04-16 | doi = 10.1088/0004-637X/752/1/34 | bibcode = 2012ApJ...752...34G | s2cid = 20418449 }}{{Cite journal| last = Servillat | first = Mathieu | arxiv = 1108.4405| title = X-ray Variability and Hardness of ESO 243-49 HLX-1: Clear Evidence for Spectral State Transitions | journal = The Astrophysical Journal | volume = 743 | issue = 1 | pages = 6 | date = 2011-08-22 | doi = 10.1088/0004-637X/743/1/6 | bibcode = 2011ApJ...743....6S | s2cid = 118687377 }}{{Cite journal| last = Davis | first = Shane | arxiv = 1104.2614| title = The Cool Accretion Disk in ESO 243-49 HLX-1: Further Evidence of an Intermediate Mass Black Hole| journal = The Astrophysical Journal | volume = 734 | issue = 2 | pages = 111 | date = 2011-04-13| doi = 10.1088/0004-637X/734/2/111 | bibcode = 2011ApJ...734..111D | s2cid = 4730425 }}{{Cite journal| last = Lasota | first = Jean-Pierre | arxiv = 1102.4336| title = The origin of variability of the intermediate-mass black-hole ULX system HLX-1 in ESO 243-49 | journal = The Astrophysical Journal | volume = 735 | issue = 2 | pages = 89 | date = 2011-02-21 | doi = 10.1088/0004-637X/735/2/89 | bibcode = 2011ApJ...735...89L | s2cid = 118611917 }} optical {{Cite journal| last = Farrell | first = Sean | arxiv = 1110.6510| title = A Young Massive Stellar Population Around the Intermediate Mass Black Hole ESO 243-49 HLX-1 | journal = The Astrophysical Journal | volume = 747 | issue = 1 | pages = L13 | date = 2012-01-10 | doi = 10.1088/2041-8205/747/1/L13 | bibcode = 2012ApJ...747L..13F | s2cid = 119291891 }}{{Cite journal| last = Wiersema | first = Klaas | arxiv = 1008.4125| title = A Redshift for the Intermediate Mass Black Hole Candidate HLX-1: Confirmation of its Association with the Galaxy ESO 243-49 | journal = The Astrophysical Journal | volume = 721 | issue = 2 | pages = L102–L106 | date = 2010-08-24 | doi = 10.1088/2041-8205/721/2/L102 | bibcode = 2010ApJ...721L.102W | s2cid = 119194158 }} and radio {{Cite journal| last = Webb | first = Natalie | url = https://www.science.org/doi/full/10.1126/science.1222779 | title = Radio Detections During Two State Transitions of the Intermediate-Mass Black Hole HLX-1 | date = 2012-07-05 |journal = Science | volume = 337 | issue = 6094 | pages = 554–556 | bibcode = 2012Sci...337..554W | doi = 10.1126/science.1222779 | pmid=22767898|arxiv = 1311.6918 | hdl = 2060/20140010250 | s2cid = 1652904 }} observations support the intermediate-mass black hole nature. In 2012, further work showed that there was a small cluster of stars amassed around HLX-1, leading Sean Farrell and collaborators to conclude that the black hole was once the galactic center of a dwarf galaxy, which was consumed by ESO 243-49.{{cite web | last = Mann | first = Adam | url = https://www.wired.com/wiredscience/tag/eso-243-49/ | title = Odd Black Hole Is Last Survivor of Its Galaxy | date = 2012-02-15 | publisher = Wired News }}{{cite web | last = Grossman | first = Lisa| url = https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn21490-astrophile-missing-link-black-hole-is-stress-eater.html?full=true | title = Astrophile: 'Missing link' black hole is stress eater | date = 2012-02-17 | work = New Scientist|publisher=Reed Business Information }} Farrell remarked, "The fact that there's a very young cluster of stars indicates that the intermediate-mass black hole may have originated as the central black hole in a very low-mass dwarf galaxy. The dwarf galaxy was then swallowed by the more massive galaxy.".{{cite web | last = Moskowitz | first = Chris | url = http://www.csmonitor.com/Science/2012/0216/How-a-black-hole-survived-the-destruction-of-its-galaxy | title = How a black hole survived the destruction of its galaxy | date = 2012-02-16 | publisher = The Christian Science Monitor }}
{{anchor|ESO 243-49}}ESO 243-49
{{Infobox galaxy
| name = ESO 243-49
| image =
| image_scale =
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| epoch = J2000
| pronounce =
| constellation name =
| z =
| h_radial_v = {{val|6782|u=km/s|fmt=commas}}
| gal_v =
| dist_pc =
| dist_ly = {{cvt|115.35|Mpc|Mly|order=flip|lk=on}}
| mass =
| mass_light_ratio =
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| stars =
| appmag_v =
| absmag_v =
| sbrightness =
| size_v = {{Val|46.6|×|14.0|u=arcsecond}} (NIR)
| half_light_radius_pc =
| half_light_radius_arcminsec =
| h1_scale_length_pc =
| h1_scale_length_arcminsec =
| xray_radius_pc =
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| notes =
| names = {{odlist | LEDA=4181 | 2MASX=J01102774-4604274 }}
| references =
}}
ESO 243-49 is a lenticular galaxy in the southern constellation of Phoenix. It is located at a distance of approximately {{convert|115|Mpc|e6ly|disp=out|abbr=off|lk=on}} from the Milky Way galaxy. ESO 243-49 is a member of the Abell 2877 galaxy cluster, which has 89 known members. It lies at a projected separation of about {{cvt|0.3|Mpc|Mly|order=flip}} from the dominant central cluster galaxy, IC 1633.
The morphological classification of ESO 243-49 is S0a, indicating this is a lenticular galaxy. It is being viewed edge-on from the perspective of the Earth. An attempt in 2015 to detect radio continuum emission of neutral hydrogen from this galaxy was unsuccessful, suggesting it is a gas poor galaxy compared to similar field galaxies. This may be the result of its gas reservoir being depleted due to its location near the center of a galaxy cluster.
The galaxy has prominent dust lanes around the nucleus, while UV emission from the bulge region suggests star formation is in progress. These may be indications that the galaxy has recently undergone a minor merger event. In contrast, the disk of the galaxy consists of old stars that suggest general star formation was quenched a few billion years after the galaxy formed.
References
{{reflist | refs=
| title=ESO 243-49 | access-date=2024-08-03
| postscript=. | mode = cs2 }}
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| title=Edge-on Spiral Galaxy ESO 243-49
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| url=https://hubblesite.org/contents/media/images/2012/11/2994-Image.html?Topic=107-cosmic-wonders
| access-date=2024-08-03 }}
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| title=The Surface Photometry Catalogue of the ESO-Uppsala Galaxies
| last1=Lauberts | first1=A. | last2=Valentijn | first2=E. A.
| date=1989 | bibcode=1989spce.book.....L }}
| title=H I study of the environment around ESO 243-49, the host galaxy of an intermediate-mass black hole
| last1=Musaeva | first1=A. | last2=Koribalski | first2=B. S.
| last3=Farrell | first3=S. A. | last4=Sadler | first4=E. M.
| last5=Servillat | first5=M. | last6=Jurek | first6=R.
| last7=Lenc | first7=E. | last8=Starling | first8=R. L. C.
| last9=Webb | first9=N. A. | last10=Godet | first10=O.
| last11=Combes | first11=F. | last12=Barret | first12=D.
| journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
| volume=447 | issue=2 | pages=1951–1961 | date=February 2015
| doi=10.1093/mnras/stu2606 | doi-access=free | arxiv=1412.2439
| bibcode=2015MNRAS.447.1951M | display-authors=1 }}
| title=A minor merger scenario for the ultraluminous X-ray source ESO 243-49 HLX-1 - II. Constraints from photometry
| last1=Mapelli | first1=M. | last2=Annibali | first2=F.
| last3=Zampieri | first3=L. | last4=Soria | first4=R.
| journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
| volume=433 | issue=1 | pages=849–866 | date=July 2013
| doi=10.1093/mnras/stt767 | doi-access=free | arxiv=1305.0565
| bibcode=2013MNRAS.433..849M | display-authors=1 }}
| title=A monolithic collapse origin for the thin and thick disc structure of the S0 galaxy ESO 243-49
| last1=Comerón | first1=S. | last2=Salo | first2=H.
| last3=Peletier | first3=R. F. | last4=Mentz | first4=J.
| display-authors=1 | journal=Astronomy & Astrophysics
| volume=593 | at=id. L6 | date=September 2016
| doi=10.1051/0004-6361/201629292 | arxiv=1608.04238
| bibcode=2016A&A...593L...6C }}
}}
{{Black holes}}
{{Phoenix (constellation)}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:HLX-1}}
Category:Phoenix (constellation)