HMS Drake (1901)

The Drake-class ships were designed as faster and larger versions of the preceding {{sclass|Cressy|cruiser|4}} with a slightly more powerful armament. They displaced {{convert|14100|LT|t|lk=on}}, over {{convert|2000|LT|t|0}} more than the earlier ships.Friedman 2012, pp. 243–52, 336 The Drakes had an overall length of {{convert|553|ft|6|in|m|1}}, a beam of {{convert|71|ft|4|in|m|1}} and a deep draught of {{convert|26|ft|9|in|m|1}}. They were powered by two 4-cylinder triple-expansion steam engines, each driving one shaft, which produced a total of {{convert|30000|ihp|lk=in}} and gave a maximum speed of {{convert|23|kn|lk=in}} using steam provided by 43 Belleville boilers. On her sea trials, Drake reached a speed of {{convert|24.11|kn}}.Chesneau & Kolesnik, p. 69 She carried a maximum of {{convert|2500|LT|t}} of coal and her complement consisted of 900 officers and ratings.Friedman 2012, p. 336

File:EB1911 Ship Fig. 92 - HMS 'Drake' (1901).png

The main armament of the Drake class consisted of two breech-loading (BL) 9.2-inch (234 mm) Mk X guns in single turrets, one each fore and aft of the superstructure. Her secondary armament of sixteen BL 6-inch (152 mm) Mk VII guns was arranged in casemates amidships. Eight of these were mounted on the lower deck and were only usable in calm weather.Friedman 2012, pp. 243, 260–61 A dozen quick-firing (QF) 12-pounder (76 mm) 12-cwt guns were fitted for defence against torpedo boats. Two additional 12-pounder 8-cwt guns could be dismounted for service ashore.Friedman 2012, pp. 250, 336 The ships also carried three 3-pounder (47 mm) Hotchkiss guns and two submerged 18-inch (450 mm) torpedo tubes.

By February 1916, all of the lower casemates for her six-inch guns had been plated over and six of them had been remounted on the upper deck so they could be used in heavy weather. Several twelve-pounders had to be removed to make room for the six-inch guns.Friedman 2012, p. 247

The ship's waterline armour belt had a maximum thickness of 6 inches and was closed off by {{convert|5|in|adj=on|0}} transverse bulkheads. The armour of the gun turrets and their barbettes was 6 inches thick while that of the casemates was 5 inches thick. The protective deck armour ranged in thickness from {{convert|1|-|2.5|in|mm|0}} and the conning tower was protected by {{convert|12|in|0}} of armour.

HMS Drake, named after the Elizabethan adventurer Sir Francis Drake,Silverstone, p. 225 was laid down at Pembroke Dock on 24 April 1899,{{Cite newspaper The Times |title=The Launch of Four Warships |date=5 March 1901 |page=8 |issue=36394}} and launched on 5 March 1901, when she was christened by Mrs. Lort Phillips, wife of local landowner F. Lort Phillips, of Lawrenny.{{Cite newspaper The Times |title=Naval & Military intelligence |date=6 March 1901 |page=10 |issue=36395}} Based at Portsmouth for her gun, torpedo and circle trials in late 1902, there was also trials with a new type of propeller.{{Cite newspaper The Times |title=Naval & Military intelligence|date=22 September 1902 |page=8 |issue=36879}} She was completed and temporarily assigned to the Fleet reserve on 9 January 1903,{{Cite newspaper The Times |title=Naval & Military intelligence |date=10 January 1903 |page=6 |issue=36974}} and commissioned to the Cruiser Squadron of the Channel Fleet on 13 January 1903,Friedman 2012, p. 244 under the command of the future First Sea Lord, Captain Francis Bridgeman.Ross, p. 116 From January to May 1903 she cruised with the Mediterranean squadron together with her sister ship the Good Hope,{{Cite newspaper The Times |title=Naval & Military intelligence |date=21 January 1903 |page=8 |issue=36983}} visiting among other cities Vilagarcía.{{Cite newspaper The Times |title=Naval & Military intelligence|date=30 January 1903 |page=4 |issue=36991}}

John Jellicoe, also a future First Sea Lord and commander of the Grand Fleet, was her next captain in 1903–04.Heathcote, p. 129 Between 1905 and 1907 HMS Drake was the Flagship of the 2nd Cruiser Squadron; Admiral Prince Louis of Battenberg in command. During Battenberg's tenure the squadron visited Greece, Portugal, Canada, and the United States, where the American press commented favourably on Prince Louis's courtesy, unassuming manner and democratic nature.Wikipedia, New York Times In 1907 the ship was commanded by Captain Arthur Hayes-Sadler and serving as the flagship of the 2nd Cruiser Squadron under the command of Rear Admiral Charles Henry Adair.[http://www.worldnavalships.com/navy_list_1908_ship_d_to_g.htm Navy List 1908] The following year, Drake became the flagship of 1st Cruiser Squadron of the Channel Fleet (attending the Hudson–Fulton Celebration during this time) and then was assigned as flagship of the 5th Cruiser Squadron of the Atlantic Fleet in 1909.{{cite book |title=The Navy List, January 1910 |date=1910 |publisher=HMSO |location=London |page=303}} She was re-commissioned as the flagship of the Australia Station from early 1911 until returning to home waters in 1913.{{cite book |title=The Navy List, August 1912 |date=1912 |publisher=HMSO |location=London |page=268}} She then went into the 6th Cruiser Squadron, notionally part of the Second Fleet, on 13 March 1913, but actually was in care and maintenance under the control of the Third Fleet.{{cite book |title=The Navy List, July 1913 |date=1913 |publisher=HMSO |location=London |page=269b, 902}}

That fleet was merged into the Grand Fleet upon mobilization in mid-1914 and Drake became flagship of Rear Admiral William Grant, commander of the squadron. The squadron was briefly deployed at the beginning of the war to blockade the northern exit from the North Sea.Goldrick, p. 25 In October 1914, under the command of Aubrey Smith, the ship was used to carry Russian bullion worth eight million pounds to Britain; on arrival, Drake lay thirty miles off Archangel, and the gold was brought to her at night.P. S. King, ed., The Russian Economist, vol. 1 (1920), p. 347: "The first shipment of gold from Russia to England, called for by the agreement between the British and Russian governments, and amounting to £8,000,000 sterling, took place in October 1914. The secrecy of this shipment was guarded by all possible precautions. The cruiser Drake and the military transport Mantois, upon reaching Archangel, were kept in the open sea at a distance of thirty miles from the land, and the gold was transhipped during the night from lighters." The ship was refitted in October 1915Transcript and then transferred to the North America and West Indies Station for convoy escort duties. She participated in the unsuccessful search in the West Indies for the German commerce raider {{SMS|Möwe|1914|6}} in December 1916.Newbolt, Vol. IV, pp. 181, 184

Drake was torpedoed by the German submarine {{SMU|U-79||2}}, commanded by Kapitänleutnant Otto Rohrbeck,{{cite Uboat.net

|id=1713

|name=HMS Drake

|type=1ship

|access-date=28 February 2014

}} on 2 October 1917 after her Convoy HH24 had dispersed for its several destinations. The ship was about {{convert|5|mi|spell=in}} off Rathlin Island at the tip of Northern Ireland when she was hit. The torpedo struck the No. 2 Boiler Room and caused two of her engine rooms and the boiler room to flood, killing 18 crewmen. These gave her a list and knocked out her steam-powered steering. Her captain decided to steam for Church Bay on Rathlin Island and accidentally collided with the merchant ship {{SS|Mendip Range}} before she dropped anchor. The collision did not damage Drake much, but Mendip Range was forced to beach herself lest she sink. Drake{{'}}s crew was taken off before she capsized later that afternoon.Aspinall, pp. 554–59; Newbolt, Vol. V, p. 162; Wessex Archaeology, p. 18

Her wreck at {{Coord|55|17.1084|N|06|12.5136|W|display=inline,title}} in Church Bay is a favourite site for divers because the wreck is only at a depth between {{convert|15|-|19|m}} and generally has good visibility. Salvage of the wreck began in 1920 and continued for several years. On the night of 3 November 1962, the steam trawler Ella Hewett struck the wreck and subsequently sank almost atop Drake. Ammunition and ordnance was salvaged during the 1970s and the wrecks were demolished with depth charges to reduce the chance of any other ships coming to grief on the wrecks. In 1978, the remaining fuel oil was salvaged to reduce pollution from leaking oil.Wessex Archaeology, pp. 3, 9–10

{{reflist|group=Note}}

{{reflist}}

• {{cite book|editor=Aspinwall, John Bridge|title=Reports of Cases Relating to Maritime Law; Containing all the Decisions of the Courts of Law and Equity in the United Kingdom|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w-AzAAAAIAAJ&dq=hms+drake+rathlin&pg=PA557|edition=Reprint|volume=XIV, New Series: From 1918 to 1920|year=1921|publisher=The Field Press|location=London}}
• {{cite book|title=Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1860–1905|editor1-last=Chesneau|editor1-first=Roger|editor2-last=Kolesnik|editor2-first=Eugene M.|publisher=Conway Maritime Press|location=Greenwich|year=1979|isbn=0-8317-0302-4|name-list-style=amp|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/conwaysallworlds0000unse_l2e2}}
• {{cite book|last=Corbett|first=Julian|title=Naval Operations|edition=reprint of the 1929 second|series=History of the Great War: Based on Official Documents|volume=II|year=1997|publisher=Imperial War Museum in association with the Battery Press|location=London and Nashville, Tennessee|isbn=1-870423-74-7}}
• {{cite book|last=Corbett|first=Julian|title=Naval Operations|edition=reprint of the 1940 second|series=History of the Great War: Based on Official Documents|volume=III|year=1997|publisher=Imperial War Museum in association with the Battery Press|location=London and Nashville, Tennessee|isbn=1-870423-50-X}}
• {{cite book|last=Friedman|first=Norman|title=British Cruisers of the Victorian Era|year=2012|publisher=Seaforth|location=Barnsley, South Yorkshire, UK|isbn=978-1-59114-068-9}}
• {{cite book|last=Friedman|first=Norman|title=Naval Weapons of World War One|publisher=Seaforth|location=Barnsley, South Yorkshire, UK|year=2011|isbn=978-1-84832-100-7}}
• {{cite book|last=Goldrick|first=James|title=The King's Ships Were at Sea: The War in the North Sea August 1914 – February 1915|year=1984|publisher=Naval Institute Press|location=Annapolis, Maryland|isbn=0-87021-334-2|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/kingsshipswereat0000gold}}
• {{cite book|last=Heathcote |first=Tony |title=The British Admirals of the Fleet 1734 – 1995 |publisher=Leo Cooper|location=Barnsley, UK|year=2002 |isbn=0-85052-835-6}}
• {{cite book|title=Castles of Steel: Britain, Germany, and the Winning of the Great War at Sea |last=Massie|first=Robert K.|author-link=Robert K. Massie|publisher=Jonathan Cape|year=2004|location= London|isbn=0-224-04092-8}}
• {{cite book|last=Newbolt|first=Henry|title=Naval Operations|edition=reprint of the 1928|series=History of the Great War Based on Official Documents|volume=IV|year=1996|publisher=Battery Press|location=Nashville, Tennessee|isbn=0-89839-253-5}}
• {{cite book|last=Newbolt|first=Henry|title=Naval Operations|edition=reprint of the 1931|series=History of the Great War Based on Official Documents|volume=V|year=1996|publisher=Battery Press|location=Nashville, Tennessee|isbn=0-89839-255-1}}
• {{cite book|last=Silverstone|first=Paul H.|title=Directory of the World's Capital Ships|year=1984|publisher=Hippocrene Books|location=New York|isbn=0-88254-979-0}}
• {{cite book | title= Admiral Sir Francis Bridgeman|first= Stewart|last= Ross|location=Cambridge, UK| year= 1998|publisher= Baily's| isbn=0-9523628-8-0}}
• {{cite web|url=http://www.naval-history.net/OWShips-WW1-05-HMS_Drake.htm|title=Transcript: HMS DRAKE – June 1916 to August 1917, North America & West Indies Station, North Atlantic convoys|work=Royal Navy Log Books of the World War 1 Era|publisher=Naval-History.net|access-date=28 February 2014}}
• {{cite web|url=http://www.wessexarch.co.uk/files/splash-import/wp-content/uploads/2007/10/hms-drake-undesignated-site-assessment-final-version-with-figs.pdf|title=HMS Drake, Church Bay, Rathlin Island: Undesignated Site Assessment.pdf|last=Wessex Archaeology|date=December 2006|work=Wessex Archaeology Online|publisher=Wessex Archaeology|access-date=1 March 2014|location=Salisbury, Wiltshire, UK}}

• Wilson, Ian (2011) HMS Drake: Rathlin Island Shipwreck. Rathlin Island: Rathlin Island Books. {{ISBN|978-0-9568942-0-5}}

{{Commons category|HMS Drake (ship, 1901)}}

• [http://dreadnoughtproject.org/tfs/index.php/H.M.S._Drake_(1901) The ship in the Dreadnought Project]
• [http://www.battleships-cruisers.co.uk/hms_drake.htm Photos of Drake, plus a transcript of a cruise book for 1905–07]
• [http://www.communities-ni.gov.uk/news/protecting-rathlin-islands-historic-environment Dept for Communities announcement of Rathlin Island listings]

{{Drake class cruiser}}

{{October 1917 shipwrecks}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Drake (1901)}}

Category:Drake-class cruisers

Category:Ships built in Pembroke Dock

Category:1901 ships

Category:World War I cruisers of the United Kingdom

Category:Ships sunk by German submarines in World War I

Category:Shipwrecks of Northern Ireland

Category:World War I shipwrecks in the Atlantic Ocean

Category:Maritime incidents in 1917