HMS Edinburgh (1882)

{{main|Colossus-class ironclad}}

The design for the Colossus class was based on the earlier {{sclass|Ajax|ironclad|4}} of turret ships, but with numerous improvements. They were larger, slightly faster, and had improved handling characteristics and significantly more powerful armament. Instead of older muzzle-loading guns, the Colossus class reintroduced breech-loading guns to Royal Navy service, along with a secondary battery, a feature not included in older ironclads. The new ship also incorporated compound armour instead of the traditional wrought iron armour used in earlier vessels. In addition, the ships' hulls were constructed with steel, not iron.{{sfn|Lyon & Roberts|p=27}}

File:Colossus class battleship diagrams Brasseys 1896.jpg, 1896]]

Edinburgh was {{convert|325|ft|1}} long between perpendiculars and had a beam of {{cvt|68|ft}} and a draught of {{cvt|25|ft|9|in}}. She displaced {{convert|9420|LT|t|lk=on}}. The ship had a long, raised fore and sterncastle connected by a hurricane deck. The superstructure consisted of a small conning tower atop the forecastle. She had a crew of 396 officers and ratings. Her propulsion system consisted of two 3-cylinder marine steam engines powered by ten coal-fired fire-tube boilers, which were vented through a single large funnel located amidships. Her engines provided a top speed of {{convert|16|kn|lk=in}} at {{convert|6808|ihp|lk=in}}, exceeding the contracted performance by {{convert|2|kn}} and {{cvt|800|ihp}}.{{sfn|Lyon & Roberts|p=27}}{{sfn|Brassey 1886|p=183}}

The ship was armed with a main battery of four BL 12-inch Mk I – VII naval gun breech-loading guns in twin-gun turrets, which were placed en echelon amidships, fore and aft of the funnel. Edinburgh also carried a secondary battery of five BL 6-inch Mk II – VI naval gun breech-loading guns. These were carried in individual pivot mounts, one on either side of the forward superstructure, another pair abreast the aft superstructure, and the final gun on the upper deck at the stern. She also carried four QF 6-pounder guns for defence against torpedo boats. As was customary for capital ships of the period, she was equipped with a pair of {{convert|14|in|adj=on|0}} torpedo tubes.{{sfn|Lyon & Roberts|p=27}}

Edinburgh{{'}}s armoured citadel was {{convert|14|to|18|in|0}} thick on the sides and reduced to {{cvt|13|to|16|in|0}} on its rounded bulkheads, where it was intended to deflect incoming projectiles. It was {{cvt|123|ft}} long, slightly more than a third of the ship's length, and covered the ship's ammunition magazines and propulsion machinery spaces. She carried a protective deck that was {{cvt|2.5|to|3|in}} thick and sloped downward at the sides. Above and below the deck, coal storage spaces were arranged to provide additional defence against gunfire. The main battery turrets had 14 to 16 in of armour plate, and the conning tower had 14 in sides.{{sfn|Lyon & Roberts|p=27}}

File:HMSEdinburgh1882.jpg

The keel for Edinburg was laid down on 20 March 1879 at the Pembroke Dockyard, and her completed hull was launched on 18 March 1882. Fitting-out work was completed the following year, less her armament, allowing the ship to begin sea trials on 11 September that continued into 1884. These trials included tests to determine the ship's stability and fuel consumption. Problems with delivery of her armament delayed her completion significantly, and Edinburg was not completed until 8 July 1887.{{sfn|Lyon & Roberts|p=27}}{{sfn|Brassey 1886|pp=181–184}} She entered service in time to join the fleet for the Golden Jubilee Fleet Review held on 25 July for Queen Victoria.{{sfn|Brassey 1898|p=13}} Edinburg was thereafter assigned to the Mediterranean Fleet, where she served until 1894, when she was reduced to service as a coastguard ship at Hull and later Queensferry from 1894 to 1897.{{sfn|Lyon & Roberts|p=27}} Edinburgh participated in the fleet manoeuvres in August 1894, serving as part of the "Blue" fleet commanded by Rear Admiral Edward Seymour. She was assigned to Group 1 of the fleet, which also included her sister ship {{HMS|Colossus|1882|2}}, the recently completed pre-dreadnought battleship {{HMS|Barfleur|1892|2}}, and the ironclads {{HMS|Alexandra|1875|2}}, {{HMS|Benbow|1885|2}}, and {{HMS|Inflexible|1876|2}}, and the protected cruiser {{HMS|St George|1892|2}}. The exercises lasted around 36 hours before the results were decided in favour of "Blue" fleet. During the manoeuvres, Edinburgh was judged to have been disabled by coastal artillery at Belfast.{{sfn|Thursfield 1895|pp=60–77}}

In August 1895, Edinburgh was again reactivated to take part in the annual fleet manoeuvres as part of the Reserve Fleet. At that time, the capital ships assigned to the fleet included Colossus, Alexandra, Benbow, and the ironclad {{HMS|Dreadnought|1875|2}}.The ships were mobilised at Torbay in early August, went to sea on the 8th, and carried out various training exercises, including shooting practice and tactical manoeuvres, before returning to port on 20 August.{{sfn|Gleig|pp=176–177}} During the 1896 fleet manoeuvres, Edinburgh, Colossus, Alexandra, and Benbow were joined by the old ironclad {{HMS|Sultan|1870|2}} in Fleet C, one of four organized for the exercises. Fleet C operated in concert with Fleet D, again commanded by Seymour. He was given the objective to combine his fleets and either defeat the strong A and B fleets in detail or to reach the fortified port of Lough Swilly. The ships went to sea on 24 July and by the morning of 30 July, Seymour had succeeded in uniting his fleets but failed to bring Fleet A to battle, and therefore took his ships to Lough Swilly.{{sfn|Thursfield 1897|pp=147–159}}

She was then placed in reserve from 1897 until 1899.{{sfn|Lyon & Roberts|p=27}} During this period, on 26 June 1897, Edinburgh was present for the fleet review held for Queen Victoria's Diamond Jubilee.{{sfn|Brassey 1898|pp=12–15}} The ship once again participated in the fleet manoeuvres in 1897; that year, the Reserve Fleet was divided into two divisions for its own exercises apart from the active Channel Fleet. Edinburgh was assigned to the 2nd Division, along with the ironclads {{HMS|Sans Pareil|1887|2}} and {{HMS|Thunderer|1872|2}} and the armoured cruisers {{HMS|Warspite|1884|2}} and {{HMS|Aurora|1887|2}}. The exercises lasted from 7 to 11 July.{{sfn|Thursfield 1898|pp=128–129}} Edinburg was then refitted in 1898, with work completed the following year.{{sfn|Brassey 1899|p=427}} Later that year, she returned to service to act as a tender for {{HMS|Wildfire|shore establishment 1889|2}} at Sheerness, a role she filled until 1905.{{sfn|Lyon & Roberts|p=27}} She participated in the fleet manoeuvres in late July and early August 1900, which ended inconclusively after ten days.{{sfn|Thursfield 1901|pp=90–97}} She became a flagship on 1 November 1901, when Vice-Admiral Albert Hastings Markham hoisted his flag on becoming Commander-in-Chief, The Nore.{{Cite newspaper The Times |title=Naval & Military intelligence |date=2 November 1901 |page=13 |issue=36602}} She took part in the fleet review held at Spithead on 16 August 1902 for the coronation of King Edward VII.{{Cite newspaper The Times |title=The Coronation - Naval Review |date=13 August 1902 |page=4 |issue=36845}}

In 1908 she was converted for use as a target ship, being fitted with fully backed and supported modern armour plates; the intention was to test and measure the effect on these plates of oblique impact by armour-piercing shells filled with lyddite, the most potent explosive of the period. As a result of these trials, which revealed major shortcomings in British high-explosive shells, the Controller, Jellicoe, ordered that the design of these shells should be improved. He was shortly thereafter appointed in command of the British Atlantic Fleet, and this instruction was not carried out. At the Battle of Jutland many British armour-piercing shells either did not pierce German armour, or did so but failed to explode, because of this failing.

Edinburg was ultimately sold to shipbreakers in 1910.{{sfn|Lyon & Roberts|p=27}}

{{Reflist|20em}}

• {{cite journal

|editor-last=Brassey

|editor-first=Thomas

|editor-link=Thomas Brassey, 1st Earl Brassey

|title=Great Britain, Armoured Ships

|journal=The Naval Annual

|year=1886

|location=Portsmouth

|publisher=J. Griffin & Co.

|pages=155–186

|oclc=496786828

|ref={{sfnRef|Brassey 1886}}

|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F5NIAQAAMAAJ

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|journal=The Naval Annual

|year=1898

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|publisher=J. Griffin & Co.

|pages=1–18

|oclc=496786828

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|location=Portsmouth

|publisher=J. Griffin & Co.

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}}

• {{cite book | title = Warrior to Dreadnought: Warship Development, 1860–1905 | first = D. K. | last = Brown | location = London | publisher = Chatham Pub. | year = 1997 | isbn = 978-1-86176-022-7 }}
• {{cite book | title = British Battleships | first = Oscar | last = Parkes | publisher = Cooper | year = 1990 | isbn = 978-0-85052-604-2 }}

{{Colossus class battleship (1882)}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Edinburgh (1882)}}

Category:Colossus-class battleships (1882)

Category:Ships built on the River Tyne

Category:Victorian-era battleships of the United Kingdom

Category:1882 ships