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HMS St Albans (F83)

{{short description|2002 Type 23 or Duke-class frigate of the Royal Navy}}

{{other ships|HMS St Albans}}

{{Use British English|date=February 2014}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2021}}

{{Infobox ship begin}}

{{Infobox ship image

| Ship image = PHOTEXOF HMS ST ALBANS MOD 45161945.jpg

| Ship image size = 300px

| Ship caption = In 2017, showing upgraded mod 1 main gun

}}

{{Infobox ship career

| Hide header =

| Ship country = United Kingdom

| Ship flag = {{shipboxflag|United Kingdom|naval}}

| Ship name = St Albans

| Ship ordered = February 1996

| Ship awarded =

| Ship builder = Yarrow Shipbuilders

| Ship yard number =

| Ship laid down = 18 April 1999

| Ship launched = 6 May 2000

| Ship sponsor =

| Ship christened =

| Ship completed =

| Ship acquired =

| Ship commissioned = 6 June 2002

| Ship recommissioned =

| Ship decommissioned =

| Ship in service =

| Ship out of service =

| Ship renamed =

| Ship reclassified =

| Ship refit = *Major 2013–2015

  • Major 2019–2023

| Ship struck =

| Ship reinstated =

| Ship homeport = Devonport

| Ship identification = * Pennant number: F83

  • {{IMO Number|8949721}}
  • {{MMSI Number|234638000}}

| Ship motto =

| Ship nickname = "The Saint"{{cite news |url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-217630209.html |title=HMS St Albans to Leave Portsmouth for Mission Next Week |date=27 January 2010 |newspaper=The News |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121106060001/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-217630209.html |archive-date=6 November 2012}}

| Ship honours =

| Ship captured =

| Ship fate =

| Ship status = In active service

| Ship notes =

| Ship badge = 100px

}}

{{Infobox ship characteristics

| Hide header =

| Header caption =

| Ship class = Type 23 frigate

| Ship displacement = {{convert|4900|t|abbr=on}}{{cite web |url=http://www.royalnavy.mod.uk/The-Fleet/Ships/Frigates |title=Type 23 Frigate |website=Royal Navy |access-date=6 April 2019 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140119000502/http://www.royalnavy.mod.uk/The-Fleet/Ships/Frigates |archive-date=19 January 2014}}

| Ship length = {{convert|133|m|ftin|abbr=on}}

| Ship beam = {{convert|16.1|m|ftin|abbr=on}}

| Ship height =

| Ship draught = {{convert|7.3|m|ftin|abbr=on}}

| Ship power =

| Ship propulsion = *CODLAG:

| Ship speed = In excess of {{convert|28|kn|lk=in}}

| Ship range = {{convert|7500|nmi|lk=in

3}} at {{convert|15|kn|abbr=on}}

| Ship endurance =

| Ship complement = 185 (accommodation for up to 218)

| Ship sensors =

| Ship EW = * UAF-1 ESM, or, UAT Mod 1

| Ship armament =

  • Anti-air missiles:
  • 1 × 32-cell Sea Ceptor GWS 35 Vertical Launching System (VLS) canisters for 32 missiles (1–25+ km){{cite web |url=https://www.edrmagazine.eu/royal-navy-unveiled-sea-ceptor-and-launched-first-user-group-at-dsei-2017 |title=Royal Navy unveiled Sea Ceptor and launched first user group at DSEI 2017 |last=Peruzzi |first=Luca |work=European Defence Review |access-date=21 June 2021 }} (replaced original Sea Wolf SAM)
  • Anti-ship missiles:
  • 2 × quad Harpoon Block 1C (originally fit, retired 2023);{{cite web |date=19 December 2023 |url=https://www.janes.com/defence-news/news-detail/first-nsm-fit-on-rn-type-23-frigate |title=First NSM fit on RN Type 23 frigate |website=Janes |last=Scott |first=Richard |access-date=23 April 2024}}{{cite web |date=August 26, 2021 |url=https://www.navylookout.com/contenders-for-the-royal-navys-interim-anti-ship-missile-requirement/ |title=Contenders for the Royal Navy's interim anti-ship missile requirement |website=navylookout.com |access-date=October 31, 2021}} being replaced by Naval Strike Missile (fit to F82 as of 2023){{cite tweet |url=https://twitter.com/NavyLookout/status/1736708119323893959?ref_src=twsrc%5Egoogle%7Ctwcamp%5Eserp%7Ctwgr%5Etweet|title=@NavyLookout First view of Royal Navy warship equipped with the Naval Strike Missile. |number=1736708119323893959 |user=NavyLookout |author=Navy Lookout |date=18 December 2023 |access-date=18 December 2023}}{{cite news |date=23 November 2022 |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/royal-navy-ships-to-be-fitted-with-advanced-new-missile-system |title=Royal Navy ships to be fitted with advanced new missile system |work=gov.uk |access-date=25 November 2022}}{{cite news |last=Scott |first=Richard |date=February 16, 2022 |url=https://www.janes.com/defence-news/news-detail/uk-confirms-cancellation-of-i-ssgw-programme |title=UK confirms cancellation of I-SSGW programme |work=Janes Information Services |access-date=February 20, 2022}}
  • Anti-submarine torpedoes:
  • 2 × twin 12.75{{nbsp}}in (324{{nbsp}}mm) Sting Ray torpedo tubes
  • Guns:
  • 1 × BAE 4.5{{nbsp}}inch Mk{{nbsp}}8 naval gun
  • 2 × 30{{nbsp}}mm DS30M Mk2 guns, or, 2 × 30{{nbsp}}mm DS30B guns
  • 2 × Miniguns (replaced by Browning .50 caliber heavy machine guns as of 2023){{cite web |url=https://www.navylookout.com/in-focus-the-50-cal-heavy-machine-gun-in-royal-navy-service/ |title=In focus: the 50 cal heavy machine gun in Royal Navy service |publisher=Navy Lookout |date=5 May 2023 |access-date=5 May 2023}}
  • 4 × General-purpose machine guns

| Ship armour =

| Ship aircraft = * 1 × AgustaWestland Merlin HM.2, multi role helicopter, of 829 Naval Air Squadron, RNAS Culdrose, armed with;

  • 4 × Sting Ray torpedoes
  • 4 × Depth charges
  • 2 × General-purpose machine gun
  • 1 × M3M machine gun
  • or
  • 1 × Wildcat HMA2, armed with:
  • 4 × Sea Venom anti-ship missiles (full operating capability projected from 2026),{{Cite web|url=https://www.navylookout.com/royal-navys-sea-venom-light-anti-ship-missile-full-operating-capability-delayed-until-2026/|title = Royal Navy's Sea Venom light anti-ship missile full operating capability delayed until 2026 |website=Navy Lookout |date=21 June 2023}} or,
  • 2 × Sting Ray anti-submarine torpedoes, or
  • 20 × Martlet multirole missiles (from 2021)
  • Mk 11 depth charges

| Ship aircraft facilities = * Flight deck

| Ship notes =

}}

HMS St Albans is a Type 23 frigate of the Royal Navy. She is the sixth ship to bear the name and is the sixteenth and final ship in the Duke class of frigates.[https://www.royalnavy.mod.uk/equipment/ships/duke-class www.royalnavy.mod.uk] She is based in Devonport, Plymouth.

Operational history

=2000–2010=

The ship was launched on the River Clyde on 6 May 2000,{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/738799.stm |title=Frigate launch prompts industry fears |date=6 May 2000 |publisher=BBC News |access-date=6 April 2019}} built by BAE Systems at Yarrows Yard in Scotstoun, Glasgow.

On 27 October 2002, before entering operational service, St Albans was struck by the P&O ferry {{MS|Pride of Portsmouth||2}} when gale-force winds pushed the ferry into the ship whilst secure on her berth in Portsmouth. St Albans suffered damage to the gun deck, the sea boat supports (davits) and the bridge wing. However, no members of the crew were injured.{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/2365603.stm |title=Navy frigate damaged in ferry collision |date=27 October 2002 |publisher=BBC News |access-date=6 April 2019}} In 2004, Commander Steve Dainton RN took command and the ship was deployed on Operation Oracle duties in the Arabian Sea. In July that year the crew were granted the Freedom of the City by the Mayor of St Albans.

On 13 February 2006, St Albans departed on a six-month deployment to the Gulf region. She arrived in the region in early April, where her tasks included protecting Iraqi oil platforms as well as patrol duties in the northern Gulf.{{cite web |url=http://www.royal-navy.mod.uk/server/show/ConWebDoc.4778 |title=HMS St Albans: Gulf Deployment |date=15 February 2006 |website=Royal Navy |url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060620214100/http://www.royal-navy.mod.uk/server/show/ConWebDoc.4778 |archive-date=20 June 2006}} During the trip, she provided a diplomatic role by visiting 16 countries, including Algeria, Albania, Ukraine, Romania, Bulgaria, Turkey and Lebanon. By 12 July 2006 she had completed her tour in the Gulf and had begun her long journey back to Portsmouth via the Suez Canal and the eastern Mediterranean. However, on the same day, the conflict between Israel and Lebanon began. As a result, the Ministry of Defence announced on 17 July that year that St Albans had been redeployed to assist in Operation Highbrow, the evacuation of British citizens trapped in Lebanon.{{cite web |url=http://www.royal-navy.mod.uk/server/show/ConWebDoc.6227 |title=HMS St Albans in the Lebanon |date=24 July 2006 |website=Royal Navy |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060728115320/http://www.royal-navy.mod.uk/server/show/ConWebDoc.6227 |archive-date=28 July 2006}} She arrived in the area on 20 July and the following day picked up 243 evacuees from the dock in Beirut and safely transported them to Cyprus.{{cite web |url=http://www.mod.uk/DefenceInternet/DefenceNews/MilitaryOperations/Over3500EvacuatedFromLebanonByBritishForces.htm |title=Over 3,500 evacuated from Lebanon by British Forces |date=21 July 2006 |website=Ministry of Defence |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060802012458/http://www.mod.uk/DefenceInternet/DefenceNews/MilitaryOperations/Over3500EvacuatedFromLebanonByBritishForces.htm |archive-date=2 August 2006}} After completing her role in the evacuation, she remained on operational stand-by in the vicinity of Beirut for a short time before being resuming her voyage home. The ship finally arrived back in Portsmouth on 18 August 2006.{{cite web |url=http://www.royalnavy.mod.uk/server/show/ConWebDoc.6487 |title=Lebanon Evacuation Warship Returns to Portsmouth |date=18 August 2006 |website=Royal Navy |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060831072830/http://www.royalnavy.mod.uk/server/show/ConWebDoc.6487 |archive-date=31 August 2006}}

Following the ship's successful six-month tour, St Albans underwent maintenance. During this time, the ship received a new commanding officer, Commander Mark Newland RN. The ship stayed in British waters, participated in submarine training in the Irish Sea, weapon training off the south coast and visited Glasgow on 11 November 2006 to take part in Remembrance Sunday events.

From 5 January until 15 January 2007 the ship was open to the public as part of the London Boat Show. Following this, the ship conducted various training exercises and engineering trials in the UK. The ship's crew then went on Easter leave before returning to conduct more training activities. In May 2007, St Albans entered a period of maintenance that lasted over a year, with her crew temporarily reassigned to other vessels for the duration of the work. The maintenance programme took place in dry dock, situated in Rosyth, with a skeleton crew of engineers supervising the overhaul of several of the ship's systems. Their work included the installation of a new Type 2087 sonar system and converting the ship so that she could operate Merlin helicopters.{{cite web |url=http://www.royalnavy.mod.uk/server/show/ConWebDoc.9788 |title=Multi-Million Pound Upgrade for Royal Navy's HMS St Albans |date=16 July 2007 |website=Royal Navy |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070926235824/http://www.royalnavy.mod.uk/server/show/ConWebDoc.9788 |archive-date=26 September 2007}} The upgrade took 15 months and cost £15 million. The ship then returned to her home port of Portsmouth and was accepted back into the fleet in July 2008. The ship was then put through various equipment tests and training routines throughout the later part of the year.

File:HMS St Albans Hands Over to HMS Argyle in the Middle East MOD 45153373.jpg

St Albans left Portsmouth on 19 January 2009 to conduct maritime security patrols in the Mediterranean. The ship joined a NATO Task Group in the Mediterranean, protecting busy shipping trade routes. St Albans was also a part of the rapid-response NATO Response Force (NRF). The ship also visited ports in Majorca, Italy and Egypt whilst in the region. She arrived on the Clyde on 7 May 2009 at 1500hrs, heading for Faslane.[https://www.haberdashers.co.uk/our-affiliations#:~:text=The%20Company%20maintains%20a%20strong,at%20RAF%20Marham%20in%20Norfolk. www.haberdashers.co.uk]

St Albans was deployed in the Persian Gulf until mid-2010. She left Portsmouth on 1000hrs on 1 February on a deployment including supporting international efforts in "tackling piracy, illegal trafficking, and smuggling."{{cite web |url=http://www.mod.uk/DefenceInternet/DefenceNews/MilitaryOperations/HmsStAlbansDepartsForGulf.htm |title=HMS St Albans departs for Gulf |date=4 February 2010 |website=Ministry of Defence |url-status=dead |archive-url=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20121018132935/http://www.mod.uk/DefenceInternet/DefenceNews/MilitaryOperations/HmsStAlbansDepartsForGulf.htm |archive-date=18 October 2012}} Later in that deployment St Albans helped the Iraqi government "protect their oil platforms, and provide security to ensure regional stability". After completing her tour in the Middle East, she visited Grand Harbour, Malta for four days in July 2010 on her way back to the United Kingdom.{{cite news |url=http://www.independent.com.mt/news.asp?newsitemid=109147 |title=HMS St Albans to visit Malta |date=17 July 2010 |newspaper=The Malta Independent |access-date=24 July 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120301154711/http://www.independent.com.mt/news.asp?newsitemid=109147 |archive-date=1 March 2012 }}

=2011–present=

File:Royal Navy Type 23 Frigate HMS St Albans on Exercise with USS George W Bush MOD 45153210.jpg

2011 saw St Albans become affiliated with the Marketors' Company in addition to the Worshipful Company of Haberdashers. The warship helped in the recovery of a diver who had got into difficulties near Salcombe on 26 March 2011, although the diver was pronounced dead on arrival at hospital.{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-devon-12873640 |title=Diver dies after warship rescue |date=27 March 2011 |publisher=BBC News |access-date=6 April 2019}} On 1 July 2011, St Albans rescued 13 sailors off the coast of Oman from the stricken tanker MV Pavit, which had spent three days drifting in a heavy storm after losing power. St Albans used her Merlin helicopter embarked from 829 Naval Air Squadron to winch the crew to safety. The rescued sailors were later transferred to their sister ship, the MV Jag Pushpa. After operating in the Middle East conducting counter-terrorism and anti-piracy operations, having relieved the frigate {{HMS|Iron Duke|F234|6}},{{cite news |url=http://www.navynews.co.uk/news/1280-st-albans-saves-the-lives-of-13-sailors-in-dramatic-rescue.aspx |title=St Albans saves the lives of 13 sailors in dramatic rescue |newspaper=Navy News}} {{dead link|date=March 2019}}{{cite web |url=http://www.mod.uk/DefenceInternet/DefenceNews/MilitaryOperations/HmsStAlbansDeploysToIndianOceanAndTheGulf.htm |title=HMS St Albans deploys to Indian Ocean and the Gulf |author=Ministry of Defence |date=9 June 2011 |website=Gov.uk |access-date=6 April 2019}} She returned to Portsmouth, via Malta and Lisbon, in December 2011.{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-15996079 |title=HMS St Albans and HMS Edinburgh return to Portsmouth |date=2 December 2011 |publisher=BBC News |access-date=6 April 2019}}

In March 2012, St Albans visited the Pool of London where she entertained a number of her affiliate organisations and other guests before returning to her home port of Portsmouth to conduct exercises in the Western Approaches. In May, she visited Iceland, where the captain Commander Tom Sharpe and Britain's Ambassador to Iceland Ian Whitting cast a wreath into Hvalfjörður, once a staging point for the Arctic convoys to the Soviet Union. After a return to Portsmouth, she sailed up the Elbe to Hamburg to take part in the port's 823rd birthday celebrations. In June, St Albans visited the home of the German Navy in Kiel, joining in the huge maritime event attended by 50 countries, 2,000 yachts and pleasure craft and more than 5,000 yachtsmen and women. Before joining in the celebrations, members of the ship's company, two platoons and the ship's guard headed to a remembrance service and wreath laying at the Commonwealth Cemetery at Nordfriedhof.{{cite web |url=https://navaltoday.com/2012/06/25/hms-st-albans-visits-kiel-germany/ |title=HMS St Albans Visits Kiel, Germany |date=25 June 2012 |website=Naval Today |access-date=6 April 2019}}

St Albans continued her home duties visiting the Channel Islands and Holyhead with an extended tour visiting Stavanger, Oslo and Amsterdam. During this deployment she was the last ship to fire the Royal Navy's 4.5" Mk.8 Mod 0 gun off Stavanger.{{cite web |url=http://www.royalnavy.mod.uk/News-and-Events/Latest-News/2013/March/27/130327-St-Albans-makes-history-as-Navys-main-gun-bows-out-after-40-years-service |title=St Albans makes history as Navy's main gun bows out after 40 years service |date=27 March 2013 |website=Royal Navy |access-date=6 April 2019}} In May 2013 she was handed over to BAe Systems for a refit in Portsmouth Harbour, her home port, silently coached into C lock. She remained in dock until spring 2014 to be modernised for another 10 years. On 10 December 2013, Commander Catherine Jordan RN took command of the ship.{{cite web |url=http://www.royalnavy.mod.uk/The-Fleet/Ships/Frigates/HMS-StAlbans |title=HMS St Albans |website=Royal Navy |access-date=6 April 2019 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140102184851/http://www.royalnavy.mod.uk/The-Fleet/Ships/Frigates/HMS-StAlbans |archive-date=2 January 2014}}{{Cite web |title=Commander Catherine Jordan Royal Navy |url=http://c69011.r11.cf3.rackcdn.com/667aeffed57e4d8eb91a568be99d8c7f-0x0.pdf |access-date=3 March 2024}}{{Cite web |title=Captain Catherine Jordan Royal Navy |url=https://www.royalnavy.mod.uk/-/media/royal-navy-responsive/documents/profiles/jordan-catherine.pdf |access-date=3 March 2024}}

The refit was a mid-life upgrade, modernizing the ship for the following ten years – it cost £25million and was completed on time in spring 2014. It fitted her with the all-electric 'Kryten' 4.5" Mod1 gun and the mid-life upgrade to her Sea Wolf missile system together with a wide range of more detailed improvements. A new crew was then assembled and the ship undertook an extended period of trials developing her military capability and testing her systems integration. During the trials the ship visited Plymouth and Falmouth.

Passing the Material Assessment and Safety Check on 3 November 2014, St Albans was relaunched on 1 August 2014, before rejoining the fleet. In December 2014 St Albans visited London, mooring alongside {{HMS|Belfast|C35|6}} in the Pool of London, and then sailed across the North Sea and down the Nieuwe Maas to visit Rotterdam.

Still based in Portsmouth, she continued trials in the Western English Channel and then visited Trondheim in Norway and continued live firing trials. After completing her extensive Flag Officer Sea Training trails, based at Plymouth, she entered West India Dock, London on 7 July 2015 and then sailed back to Portsmouth. She arrived on 16 July 2015 and became the Guard ship for the Portsmouth America's Cup races later that month. St Albans sailed for a nine-month mission to the Middle East on 27 November 2015, carrying a Merlin HM2 and ScanEagle unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV).{{cite web |url=https://www.arabianindustry.com/supply-chain/news/2015/nov/29/royal-navy-frigate-deployed-to-gulf-to-protect-shipping-5222100/ |title=Royal Navy frigate deployed to Gulf to protect shipping |date=29 November 2015 |website=Arabian Industry.com |access-date=6 April 2019}}

File:HMS St Albans F83 (1).jpg

Whilst crossing the Mediterranean she was involved with the seizure of {{cvt|320|kg}} of cocaine with a street value of more than £1 million. On 11 January 2016, Defence Secretary Michael Fallon announced that "HMS St Albans will shortly join the Charles de Gaulle aircraft carrier group" as part of operations against the Islamic State group.{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-35278749 |title=RAF uses Brimstone missiles against IS |date=21 November 2017 |publisher=BBC News |access-date=6 April 2019}} She arrived back in Portsmouth on 5 August 2016.

In January 2017 she escorted the {{ship|Russian aircraft carrier|Admiral Kuznetsov|up=yes}} along the English Channel on the latter's return voyage from Syria to Kola Bay.{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-38748941 |title=UK warship escorts Russian carrier in English Channel |date=25 January 2017 |publisher=BBC News |access-date=25 January 2017}}

During February 2017 she conducted the Submarine Command Course off the Norwegian Coast and was then awarded the Fleet Effectiveness Flag. She then went into dry dock 'C' in Portsmouth for most of July 2017. Whilst in dry dock, the band of the Royal Yeomanry played under the keel. She returned to service on 29 August 2017 and was operational north of Scotland where she was "man marking" the Russian carrier Admiral Kuznetsov. From 23 to 25 December, she escorted the {{ship|Russian frigate|Admiral Gorshkov|up=yes}} which was conducting sea trials in the North Sea close to UK waters.{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-42481216 |title=Navy tracks Russia warship in North Sea |date=26 December 2017 |publisher=BBC News |access-date=26 December 2017 |language=en-GB}}

It was reported in November 2018 that she took part in anti-submarine warfare exercises with {{HMS|Astute|S119|2}}.{{cite web |url=https://ukdefencejournal.org.uk/frigate-hms-st-albans-hunts-submarine-hms-astute-off-scottish-coast/ |title=Frigate HMS St Albans hunts submarine HMS Astute off Scottish coast |last=Dunlop |first=Tom |date=30 November 2018 |website=UK Defence Journal |access-date=6 April 2019}}

File:HMS St Albans at South Quay.jpg, London in 2015]]

St Albans entered refit in Devonport in July 2019, led by Babcock defence firm. Her refit required around 1.2 million working hours and involved replacing all four diesel engines, installing LED lighting, adapting the ship for the future anti-surface guided weapon system Sea Venom, replacing the original Sea Wolf air defence system with Sea Ceptor, upgrading the ships sensors with the new Type 997 Artisan air-search radar and fitting the submarine-hunting Type 2150 sonar in place of 2050. St Albans became the Royal Navy's most advanced frigate, thanks to those improvements.{{Cite web |date=14 November 2023 |title=Return of the Saint as Royal Navy frigate nears end of four year revamp |url=https://www.royalnavy.mod.uk/news-and-latest-activity/news/2023/november/14/20231114-return-of-the-saint-as-royal-navy-frigate-nears-end-of-four-year-revamp}} The vessel returned to sea for trials in March 2024.{{cite web |url=https://www.janes.com/defence-news/news-detail/uk-type-23-frigate-st-albans-returns-to-sea-following-refit |title=UK Type 23 frigate St Albans returns to sea following refit |last=Tringham |first=Kate |work=Janes |date=8 March 2024 |access-date=18 May 2024}}

Affiliations

File:Blason Charles Ier Beauclerk (1670-1726) 1er duc de Saint-Albans.svg

Duke-class frigates take their names from British dukedoms and HMS St Albans is named after the Dukes of St Albans,[https://catalogue.nla.gov.au/catalog/1175371 "The House of Nell Gwyn : the fortunes of the Beauclerk family, 1670–1974"] / Donald Adamson & Peter Beauclerk Dewar among whose descendants is the seventh and present Marqués de Valero de Urría, William Beauclerk, who formerly served as a lieutenant on {{ship|HMY|Britannia}}.[https://www.burkespeerage.com/ www.burkespeerage.com]

HMS St Albans' affiliations include:

References

{{Reflist}}

=Bibliography=

  • {{cite book |url=https://www.theroselandinstitute.co.uk |title=A Passage from Barcelona |date=2010 |last=Adamson, Donald |publisher=Worshipful Company of Haberdashers}}
  • {{cite book |url=http://marketors.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/Guide-to-HMS-St-Albans-2.pdf |title=A Guide to HMS St Albans |date=2017 |last=West |first=Hugh |publisher=Worshipful Company of Marketors |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202035717/http://marketors.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/Guide-to-HMS-St-Albans-2.pdf |archive-date=2 February 2017}}

External links

{{commons category}}

  • {{cite web |url=http://www.royalnavy.mod.uk/StAlbans |title=HMS St Albans |website=Royal Navy}}

{{Type 23 frigate}}

{{Royal Navy ships}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:St Albans}}

Category:Frigates of the United Kingdom

Category:Ships built on the River Clyde

Category:2000 ships

Category:Type 23 frigates of the Royal Navy