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Hagfa Pinyim

{{Short description|Romanization system of Hakka}}

{{RCL}}

Hagfa Pinyim ({{Lit.|Hakka Pinyin}}) is a system of romanization used to transcribe Chinese characters as used in Hakka into Latin script. Hagfa Pinyim was developed by Lau Chun-fat ({{lang-zh|劉鎮發}}) for use in his Hakka Pinyin Dictionary ({{lang-zh|l=Hakka Pinyin Vocabulary|t=客語拼音字彙}}) that was published in 1997. The romanization system is named after the Pinyin system used for Mandarin Chinese and is designed to resemble Pinyin.

Writing system

Hagfa Pinyim uses the Latin alphabet and numbers to indicate tones.{{cite web|url=http://dylansung.tripod.com/hakga/hakrom.htm|title=Hakka Phoneticisation|publisher=Dylan W.H. Sung|accessdate=27 January 2013}} A single hyphen is used to represent a compound. The vowels listed are conventional forms, however irregular forms may occur.

=Consonants=

class=wikitable border=1

!align=center|Hagfa Pinyim

!align=center|Extended bopomofo

!align=center|IPA

!align=center|Examples

align=center|b

|align=center|ㄅ

|align=center|p

|align=center|bag5 {{lang|zh-hant|伯}}

align=center|p

|align=center|ㄆ

|align=center|pʰ

|align=center|pag6 {{lang|zh-hant|白}}

align=center|d

|align=center|ㄉ

|align=center|t

|align=center|du3 {{lang|zh-hant|肚}}

align=center|t

|align=center|ㄊ

|align=center|tʰ

|align=center|tai4 {{lang|zh-hant|大}}

align=center|g

|align=center|ㄍ

|align=center|k

|align=center|ga1 {{lang|zh-hant|家}}

align=center|k

|align=center|ㄎ

|align=center|kʰ

|align=center|kiung4 {{lang|zh-hant|共}}

align=center|z

|align=center|ㄗ

|align=center|ts

|align=center|zo4 {{lang|zh-hant|做}}

align=center|c

|align=center|ㄘ

|align=center|tsʰ

|align=center|ca1 {{lang|zh-hant|車}}

align=center|s

|align=center|ㄙ

|align=center|s

|align=center|se4 {{lang|zh-hant|細}}

align=center|j

|align=center|ㄐ

|align=center|tɕ

|align=center|ji1 {{lang|zh-hant|知}}

align=center|q

|align=center|ㄑ

|align=center|tɕʰ

|align=center|qi2 {{lang|zh-hant|徐}}

align=center|x

|align=center|ㄒ

|align=center|ɕ

|align=center|xi4 {{lang|zh-hant|四}}

align=center|l

|align=center|ㄌ

|align=center|l

|align=center|li1 {{lang|zh-hant|鯉}}

align=center|m

|align=center|ㄇ

|align=center|m

|align=center|mi3 {{lang|zh-hant|美}}

align=center|n

|align=center|ㄋ

|align=center|n

|align=center|nai2 {{lang|zh-hant|泥}}

align=center|ng

|align=center|ㄫ

|align=center|ŋ

|align=center|ngiu2 {{lang|zh-hant|牛}}

align=center|f

|align=center|ㄈ

|align=center|f

|align=center|fi1 {{lang|zh-hant|飛}}

align=center|v

|align=center|ㄪ

|align=center|v/ʋ

|align=center|vun2 {{lang|zh-hant|文}}

align=center|h

|align=center|ㄏ

|align=center|h

|align=center|heu4 {{lang|zh-hant|後}}

=Semivowel=

class=wikitable border=1

!align=center|Hagfa Pinyim

!align=center|Extended bopomofo

!align=center|IPA

!align=center|Examples

align=center|y

|align=center|ㄧ

|align=center|j

|align=center|yi1 {{lang|zh-hant|羽}}

=Vowels=

class=wikitable border=1

!align=center|Hagfa Pinyim

!align=center|Extended bopomofo

!align=center|IPA

align=center|a

|align=center|ㄚ

|align=center|a

align=center|i

|align=center|ㄧ

|align=center|i

align=center|u

|align=center|ㄨ

|align=center|u

align=center|e

|align=center|ㄝ

|align=center|e

align=center|o

|align=center|ㄛ

|align=center|o

align=center|i

|align=center|ㆨ

|align=center|ɨ

align=center
b

|align=center|ㆴ

|align=center|p

align=center
d

|align=center|ㆵ

|align=center|t

align=center
g

|align=center|ㆶ

|align=center|k

=Tones=

class=wikitable border=1

!align=center|Tone number

!align=center|Chinese tone name

!Meixian

!Huiyang

!Hong Kong{{Cite thesis |last=Lau |first=Chun-fat |title=A Comparison of "Old-Style" and "New-Style" of the General Hakka Accent as spoken by the "Indigenous Inhabitants" of Hong Kong |date=2000 |degree=PhD |publisher=Hong Kong Polytechnic University }}

! align="center" |Sixian

! align="center" |Hailu

!align=center|Examples

align=center|1

|align=center|yinping (dark even)

|align=center|44

|align=center|44

|align=center|33

|align=center|24

|align=center|53

|align=center|fon1 {{lang|zh-hant|歡}}

align=center|2

|align=center|yangping (light even)

|align=center|11

|align=center|11

|align=center|11

|align=center|11

|align=center|55

|align=center|teu2 {{lang|zh-hant|頭}}

align=center|3

|align=center|yinshang (dark rising)

|align=center|31

|align=center|31

|align=center|31

| align="center" |31

| align="center" |24

|align=center|hi3 {{lang|zh-hant|喜}}

align=center|3

|align=center|yangshang (light rising)
(merged with yinshang)

|align=center|31

|align=center|31

|align=center|31

| align="center" |31

| align="center" |24

|align=center|hi3 {{lang|zh-hant|喜}}

align=center|4

|align=center|yinqu (dark departing)

|align=center|52

|align=center|53

|align=center|53

| align="center" |55

| align="center" |11

|align=center|mian4 {{lang|zh-hant|面}}

align=center|4

|align=center|yangqu (light departing)

|align=center|—

|align=center|—

|align=center|—

|align=center|—

|align=center|33

|align=center|

align=center|5

|align=center|yinru (dark entering)

|align=center|1

|align=center|1

|align=center|32

|align=center|2

|align=center|5

|align=center|zug5 {{lang|zh-hant|粥}}

align=center|6

|align=center|yangru (light entering)

|align=center|5

|align=center|5

|align=center|5

| align="center" |5

|align=center|2

|align=center|sid6 {{lang|zh-hant|食}}

  • All words are written in their original tones instead of tones with tone sandhi.

See also

References

{{reflist}}

  • {{cite book|last=Lau |first=Chun-fat|title=Hakka Pinyin Dictionary (Chinese)|year=1997|publisher=The Chinese University Press|location=Hong Kong, 1997|isbn=962-201-750-9}}

Category:Hakka Chinese

Category:Languages of Taiwan

Category:Romanization of Chinese

Category:Latin-script orthographies