Hailu dialect

The first edition of the Language Atlas of China places the Hakka dialects spoken in Haifeng and LufengIncluding Luhe, which was carved out of Lufeng in 1988. into the Xin–Hui cluster ({{zh|c=新惠小片|p=Xīn-Huì xiǎopiàn|labels=no}}) of the Yue–Tai subgroup ({{zh|s=粤台片|t=粵臺片|p=Yuè-Tái piàn|labels=no}}) of Hakka.{{sfn|CASS|AAH|1987|loc=B15}} In the second edition, it is given its own subgroup known as the Hai–Lu subgroup ({{zh|s=海陆片|t=海陸片|p=Hǎi-Lù piàn|labels=no}}) separate from the Yue–Tai subgroup.{{sfn|Xie|Huang|2012|p=117}}

Chang Song-hing and Zhuang Chusheng propose that it should be grouped as the Hai–Lu cluster ({{zh|s=海陆小片|t=海陸小片|p=Hǎi-Lù xiǎopiàn|labels=no}}) of the Mei–Shao subgroup ({{zh|c=梅韶片|p=Méi-Sháo piàn|labels=no}}).{{sfn|Chang|Zhuang|2008|p=410}}

In China, the Hailu dialect is spoken in Shanwei, Guangdong, particularly in Haifeng, Lufeng, and Luhe.{{sfn|Teng|2015|p=1}}{{sfn|Xie|Huang|2012|p=117}} As of 2012, there are around 1.18 million speakers of the dialect in these three areas.{{sfn|Wu|Zhan|2012|p=117}}

In Taiwan, it is spoken in Hsinchu County (Xinfeng, Xinpu, Hukou, Qionglin, Hengshan, Guanxi, Beipu, Baoshan, Emei, and Zhudong), Hsinchu City (Xiangshan and Xinfeng), Taoyuan (mostly in Guanyin, Xinwu, and Yangmei; also pockets in Pingzhen, Zhongli, and Longtan), Hualien County (Ji'an, Shoufeng, Guangfu, Yuli, Ruisui, and Fenglin), and Miaoli County (Toufen, Sanwan, Nanzhuang, Xihu, Houlong, Zaoqiao, Tongxiao, and Tongluo).{{sfn|HAC|2013|pp=73, 78}}{{sfn|HAC|2018}} In 2013, 41.5% of Hakka people in Taiwan were reported to be able to communicate in the Hailu dialect.{{sfn|HAC|2013|p=2}}

In Indonesia, a local variety of Hakka, that is loosely based on the Hailu dialect, is widely spoken in northern West Kalimantan, including Singkawang, Sambas, and Pemangkat.{{sfn|Huang|2008|pp=2–3}}

The Hailu dialect has seven lexical tones:{{sfn|Xie|Huang|2012|p=119}}{{sfn|MOE|2012|p=38}}

{{reflist}}

• {{cite journal|last1=Chang|first1=Song-hing|last2=Zhuang|first2=Chusheng|script-title=zh:廣東方言的地理格局與自然地理及歷史地理的關係|trans-title=Geographical Distribution of Guangdong Dialects: Their Linkage with Natural and Historical Geography|url=http://www.cuhk.edu.hk/ics/journal/articles/v48p407.pdf|journal=Journal of Chinese Studies|date=2008|issue=48|language=zh|pages=407–422}}
• {{cite book|editor1=Chinese Academy of Social Sciences|editor-link1=Chinese Academy of Social Sciences|editor2=Australian Academy of the Humanities|editor-link2=Australian Academy of the Humanities|script-title=zh:中国语言地图集|trans-title=Language Atlas of China|date=1987|publisher=Longman Group (Far East)|location=Hong Kong|isbn=0-582-99903-0|language=zh|ref={{harvid|CASS|AAH|1987}}}}
• {{cite web |title=Distribution and resurgence of the Hakka language |url=https://english.hakka.gov.tw/Content/Content?NodeID=676&PageID=40022&LanguageType=ENG |website=Hakka Affairs Council |access-date=14 August 2019 |language=en |date=16 July 2018|ref={{harvid|HAC|2018}}}}
• {{cite thesis |last=Huang |first=Hui-chen |date=2008 |script-title=zh:印尼山口洋客家話研究 |trans-title=Study of Hakka in Singkawang, Indonesia |type=Master's thesis |publisher=National Central University |url=https://www.hakka.gov.tw/File/GetContentFile?filename=..%2FFile%2FGet%3Ffilename%3D%5CAttach%5C1990%5C1%5C921215381771.pdf&nodeid=627&pageid=37392&fileid=69562&displayName=%E6%9C%AC%E6%96%87.pdf |access-date=11 September 2019 }}
• {{cite book |doi = 10.1007/978-3-319-27194-1_29|chapter = Word Formation in Chinese Dialects: A Case Study of Hailu Hakka|title = Chinese Lexical Semantics|volume = 9332|pages = 281–293|series = Lecture Notes in Computer Science|year = 2015|last1 = Teng|first1 = Shengyu|isbn = 978-3-319-27193-4}}
• {{cite book|last1=Wu|first1=Wei|last2=Zhan|first2=Bohui|script-title=zh:中国语言地图集|trans-title=Language Atlas of China|date=2012|publisher=Commercial Press|location=Beijing|isbn=978-7-100-07054-6|pages=160–165|edition=2nd|language=zh|volume={{lang|zh|汉语方言卷}}|script-chapter=zh:B2—1 广东省的汉语方言}}
• {{cite book|last1=Xie|first1=Liuwen|last2=Huang|first2=Xuezhen|script-title=zh:中国语言地图集|trans-title=Language Atlas of China|date=2012|publisher=Commercial Press|location=Beijing|isbn=978-7-100-07054-6|pages=116–124|edition=2nd|language=zh|volume={{lang|zh|汉语方言卷}}|script-chapter=zh:B1—17 客家话}}
• {{cite book|script-title=zh:101-102年度台灣客家民眾客語使用狀況|date=November 2013|publisher=Hakka Affairs Council|url=http://www.hakka.gov.tw/Hakka_CMS/File/Data/101-102%E5%B9%B4%E5%BA%A6%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E5%AE%A2%E5%AE%B6%E6%B0%91%E7%9C%BE%E5%AE%A2%E8%AA%9E%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E7%8B%80%E6%B3%81.pdf|access-date=11 September 2019|language=zh|ref={{harvid|HAC|2013}}}}
• {{cite book |script-title=zh:客家語拼音方案使用手冊 |trans-title=Usage Manual for the Hakka Romanization System |language=zh |date=November 2012 |publisher=Ministry of Education, Republic of China (Taiwan) |url=https://ws.moe.edu.tw/Download.ashx?u=C099358C81D4876C5303003B8BD1CBF53CB4C042BF06A309AEA627F8C987725374E5FDF5DB8BB9B0E619D53DA7DC54E53C93D95A352CF25464D95D8B42298B42BD966806D513B50076026B49A68D605B&n=7943FD1CFE79AA2AA97DB40E60641199FD1A8116E2843D28&icon=..pdf |access-date=11 September 2019|ref={{harvid|MOE|2012}}}}

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Category:Hakka Chinese

Category:Shanwei