Hal Varian

{{Infobox economist

| school_tradition = Neoclassical economics

| image = AEA 2025 - Hal Varian 01.jpg

| caption =

| name = Hal Varian

| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1947|3|18}}

| birth_place = Wooster, Ohio

| death_date =

| death_place =

| nationality = American

| institution = University of California, Berkeley
MIT

| field = Microeconomics, information technology

| alma_mater = University of California, Berkeley
MIT

|doctoral_advisor = Daniel McFadden
David Gale

|doctoral_students = Earl Grinols
James Andreoni

| influences =

| contributions =

| repec_prefix = e | repec_id = pva5

}}

Hal Ronald Varian (born March 18, 1947, in Wooster, Ohio) is Chief Economist at Google and holds the title of emeritus professor at the University of California, Berkeley where he was founding dean of the School of Information. Varian is an economist specializing in microeconomics and information economics.

Varian joined Google in 2002 as its chief economist. He played a key role in the development of Google's advertising model and data analysis practices.{{Cite book |last=Zuboff |first=Shoshana |author-link=Shoshana Zuboff|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lRqrDQAAQBAJ |title=The Age of Surveillance Capitalism: The Fight for a Human Future at the New Frontier of Power |date=2020 |publisher=PublicAffairs |isbn=978-1-61039-570-0 |pages=64 |language=en}}

Early life

Hal Varian was born on March 18, 1947, in Wooster, Ohio. He received his B.S. from MIT in economics in 1969 and both his M.A. in mathematics and Ph.D. in economics from the University of California, Berkeley in 1973.

Career

Varian taught at MIT, Stanford University, the University of Oxford, the University of Michigan, the University of Siena and other universities around the world. He has two honorary doctorates, from the University of Oulu, Finland in 2002, and a Dr. h. c. from the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Germany, awarded in 2006. He is emeritus professor at the University of California, Berkeley, where he was founding dean of the School of Information.{{cite web|url=http://people.ischool.berkeley.edu/~hal/|title=Hal R. Varian|publisher=U.C. Berkeley|access-date=2010-10-22}}

Varian joined Google in 2002 as chief economist, and has worked on the design of advertising auctions, econometrics, finance, corporate strategy, and public policy.

Varian is the author of two bestselling textbooks: Intermediate Microeconomics,{{cite book|author=Varian, Hal R|title=Intermediate Microeconomics: A Modern Approach: Ninth International Student Edition|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A0feCgAAQBAJ|year=2014|publisher=W. W. Norton & Company|isbn=978-0-393-92077-2}} an undergraduate microeconomics text, and Microeconomic Analysis, an advanced text aimed primarily at first-year graduate students in economics. Together with Carl Shapiro, he co-authored Information Rules: A Strategic Guide to the Network Economy and The Economics of Information Technology: An Introduction.{{cite book|author1=Hal R. Varian|author2=Joseph Farrell|author3=Carl Shapiro|title=The Economics of Information Technology: An Introduction|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LpgoKtzhzVEC|date=23 December 2004|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-60521-2}} According to the Open Syllabus Project, Varian is the fourth most frequently cited author on college syllabi for economics courses.{{Cite web | url=https://opensyllabus.org/results-list/authors?size=50&fields=Economics | title=Open Syllabus Project | access-date=2020-01-24 | archive-date=2022-09-21 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220921150129/https://opensyllabus.org/results-list/authors?size=50&fields=Economics | url-status=dead }}

In September 2023, Varian was called to testify in the United States v. Google lawsuit by the Department of Justice on a memo he wrote in 2003: "Thoughts on Google v Microsoft." with the subject "We should be careful about what we say in both public and private".{{Cite web |last=Feiner |first=Lauren |date=2023-09-12 |title=Google engaged in a monopolistic feedback loop to maintain search dominance, DOJ alleges in first day of trial |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2023/09/12/doj-v-google-what-hapened-the-first-day-of-the-anti-monopoly-trial.html |access-date=2023-09-16 |website=CNBC |language=en}}{{Cite web |last=Robertson |first=Adi |date=2023-09-15 |title=In the Google antitrust trial, defaults are everything and nobody likes Bing |url=https://www.theverge.com/2023/9/15/23875342/justice-department-google-antitrust-search-trial-week-one-recap |access-date=2023-09-16 |website=The Verge |language=en-US}} The DOJ also brought up memos where Varian instructed Google employees to avoid the use of language such as "market share," "scale," "network effects," "leverage," "lock up," "lock in," "bundle," and "tie.", to avoid Google from being perceived as being a monopoly and to avoid scrutiny from antitrust watchdogs.{{Cite web |last=Belanger |first=Ashley |date=2023-09-14 |title=Google hid evidence by training workers to avoid words monopolists use, DOJ says |url=https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2023/09/google-hid-evidence-by-training-workers-to-avoid-words-monopolists-use-doj-says/ |access-date=2023-09-16 |website=Ars Technica |language=en-us}}

Personal life

Varian is married and has one child, Christopher Max Varian.[http://people.ischool.berkeley.edu/~hal/people/hal/vitae.pdf Curriculum vitae] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208153139/http://people.ischool.berkeley.edu/~hal/people/hal/vitae.pdf |date=2015-12-08 }} (PDF; 122 kB), on [http://www.berkeley.edu berkeley.edu].

References

External links

[http://sims.berkeley.edu/~hal/ Hal Varian's Website]
[http://people.ischool.berkeley.edu/~hal/Papers/2006/position.pdf Position Auctions]
{{cite web |last=Roberts |first=Russ |title=Varian on Technology |url=http://www.econtalk.org/archives/_featuring/hal_varian/ |work=EconTalk |publisher=Library of Economics and Liberty |author-link=Russ Roberts |date=July 28, 2008}}
{{Google Scholar id|WbYQGjcAAAAJ}}
{{cite web|title=Hal Varian|url=https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=au%3A%22Hal+Varian%22|publisher=JSTOR}}
{{C-SPAN|80744}}