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Han Wo

{{Short description|Chinese poet of the Tang and Min dynasty}}

{{Good article}}

{{Chinese

|title = Han Wo

|pic =

|picsize = 180px

|piccap =

|t = 韓偓

|s = 韩偓

|p = Hán Wò

|w = Han2 Wo4

|altname =Courtesy name: Zhiyao

|t2 = 致堯

|s2 = 致尧

|p2 = Zhìyáo

|w2 = Chih4-yao2

|altname3 =Art name: Yushan-Qiaoren

|c3 = 玉山樵人

|p3 = yùshān-qiáorén

|w3 = yü4shan1-ch'iao2jên2

|altname4 =Possible alternate courtesy name: Zhiguang

|c4 = 致光

|p4 = Zhìguāng

|w4 = Chih4-kuang1

|altname5 =Possible alternate courtesy name: Zhiyuan

|c5 = 致元

|p5 = Zhìyuán

|w5 = Chih4-yüan2

}}

Han Wo ({{circa|842–844}} – {{circa|923}}) was a Chinese poet of the late Tang dynasty and the Min state. His courtesy name was Zhiyao, or possibly Zhiguang or Zhiyuan, and his art name was Yushan-Qiaoren. He was a native of Jingzhao, in or near the capital Chang'an. An anthology of his poems, the Xianglian Ji survives.

Biography

= Sources =

Chapter 183 of the New Book of Tang gives a short biography of Han Wo.{{sfnm|1a1=Kawai|1pp=612-614|1y=1975}}

= Birth and early life =

He was born in either 842 or 844.{{efn|{{harvtxt|Ueki|Uno|Matsubara|1999|p=148}} give "842?", while {{harvtxt|Noguchi|1994}}, {{harvtxt|Arai|1998}} and {{harvtxt|Daijirin|2006}} give 844.}} He was a native of Wannian, Jingzhao (modern-day Xi'an, Shaanxi Province).{{sfnm|1a1=Ueki|1a2=Uno|1a3=Matsubara|1p=148|1y=1999|2a1=Noguchi|2y=1994|3a1=Arai|3y=1998|4a1=Daijirin|4y=2006}} His father, Han Zhan ({{zh|t=韓瞻|s=韩瞻|first=t|p=Hán Zhān|w=Han2 Chan1}}) took the imperial examination in the same year as Li Shangyin, who was also connected to Wo's family through marriage.{{sfnm|1a1=Ueki|1a2=Uno|1a3=Matsubara|1p=148|1y=1999}} The young Wo supposedly was recognized for his poetic genius by Li, who praised him.{{sfnm|1a1=Ueki|1a2=Uno|1a3=Matsubara|1p=148|1y=1999}}

= Political career =

In 889 (Longji 1) he passed the imperial examination, receiving his Jinshi degree.{{sfnm|1a1=Ueki|1a2=Uno|1a3=Matsubara|1p=148|1y=1999|2a1=Noguchi|2y=1994|3a1=Arai|3y=1998}} He became a scholar at the Hanlin Academy{{sfnm|1a1=Ueki|1a2=Uno|1a3=Matsubara|1p=148|1y=1999|2a1=Noguchi|2y=1994|3a1=Arai|3y=1998}} and a low-ranking official at the Central Secretariat,{{sfnm|1a1=Ueki|1a2=Uno|1a3=Matsubara|1p=148|1y=1999|2a1=Arai|2y=1998}} eventually becoming Vice-Minister of Defense (兵部侍郎).{{sfnm|1a1=Noguchi|1y=1994|2a1=Arai|2y=1998}} He earned the trust of Emperor Zhaozong,{{sfnm|1a1=Ueki|1a2=Uno|1a3=Matsubara|1p=148|1y=1999}} working with him against the eunuchs,{{sfnm|1a1=Arai|1y=1998}} and was recommended for the position of chancellor, but he was disliked by Zhu Quanzhong (later to become Emperor Daizu of Liao) and was therefore exiled to Pu Prefecture (modern Fan County, Henan).{{sfnm|1a1=Ueki|1a2=Uno|1a3=Matsubara|1p=148|1y=1999|2a1=Arai|2y=1998}}

= Later life and death =

Following his exile, Han did not return to government, and spent his last years in the Min Kingdom.{{sfnm|1a1=Ueki|1a2=Uno|1a3=Matsubara|1p=148|1y=1999}} He died around 923,{{efn|{{harvtxt|Noguchi|1994}}, {{harvtxt|Arai|1998}} and {{harvtxt|Daijirin|2006}} all give 923 as the year of his death, while {{harvtxt|Ueki|Uno|Matsubara|1999|p=148}} give the same date with a question mark.}} having never returned to the capital.{{sfnm|1a1=Arai|1y=1998}}

Names

= Courtesy name =

His courtesy name was either Zhiyao{{sfnm|1a1=Ueki|1a2=Uno|1a3=Matsubara|1p=148|1y=1999|2a1=Noguchi|2y=1994|3a1=Arai|3y=1998|4a1=Daijirin|4y=2006}} or Zhiguang,{{sfnm|1a1=Ueki|1a2=Uno|1a3=Matsubara|1p=148|1y=1999|2a1=Arai|2y=1998}} or possibly Zhiyuan.{{sfnm|1a1=Kawai|1p=622|1y=1975}}

The New Book of Tang, as well as a work by Han's contemporary {{illm|Wu Rong|ja|呉融}}, refer to him as Zhiguang, but the Liexian Zhuan associates the character used in his given name Wo with the second character of Zhiyao, lending support to the idea that Zhiguang would have fit his given name better.{{sfnm|1a1=Kawai|1p=622|1y=1975}} Both the Tang Cai Zi Zhuan and the Tangshi Jishi ({{lang|zh|唐詩紀事}}) give his courtesy name as Zhiyao.{{sfnm|1a1=Kawai|1p=622|1y=1975}} The theory that his courtesy name was Zhiyuan relies on the {{illm|Tiao xi yu yin cong hua|zh|苕溪漁隱叢話}}.{{sfn|Chen Fumika}}

= Art name =

His art name was Yushan-Qiaoren.{{sfnm|1a1=Ueki|1a2=Uno|1a3=Matsubara|1p=148|1y=1999}}

Poetry

In literary history, Han is generally considered a poet of the so-called late Tang period, which spanned the early-ninth century to 907.{{sfnm|1a1=Ueki|1a2=Uno|1a3=Matsubara|1p=148-149|1y=1999|2a1=Noguchi|2y=1994|3a1=Arai|3y=1998|4a1=Daijirin|4y=2006}}

An anthology of his poems, the Xianglian Ji ({{zh|t=香奩集|s=香奁集|first=t|p=xiānglián jí|w=hsiang1-lien2 chih2}}), survives.{{sfnm|1a1=Noguchi|1y=1994|2a1=Daijirin|2y=2006}} His poetry is noted for its sensual beauty, with the Xianglian Ji having given its name to xianglian-ti ({{zh|t=香奩體|s=香奁体|first=t|p=xiānglián tǐ|w=hsiang1-lien2 t'ih3}}), a style of poetry associated with him.{{sfnm|1a1=Arai|1y=1998}} His poems of other types are collected in the Yushan-Qiaoren Ji ({{zh|c=玉山樵人集|p=yùshān-qiáorén jí|w=yü4shan1-ch'iao2jên2 chih2}}).{{sfnm|1a1=Arai|1y=1998}}

Reception

His poetry influenced the work of the fourteenth-century poet Yang Weizhen.{{sfnm|1a1=Wixted|1loc=paragraph 22|1y=2001}}

Notes

{{Reflist|group=note}}

{{Notelist}}

References

{{Reflist|35em}}

Works cited

  • {{cite encyclopedia

|encyclopedia = World Encyclopedia

|last = Arai

|first = Ken

|author-link = Ken Arai

|title = Han Wo (Kan Aku in Japanese)

|language = japanese

|year = 1998

|publisher = Heibonsha

|url = https://kotobank.jp/word/%E9%9F%93%E5%81%93-2361647#E4.B8.96.E7.95.8C.E5.A4.A7.E7.99.BE.E7.A7.91.E4.BA.8B.E5.85.B8.20.E7.AC.AC.EF.BC.92.E7.89.88

|access-date = 2017-06-10

}}

  • {{Cite thesis |author=Chen Fumika |title=森春濤の香奩體詩受容と漢詩創作 ―― 韓偓の香奩詩から森春濤の艷體詩へ |trans-title=Acceptance of incense poetry by Haruo Mori and creation of Chinese poetry--From Han Wo's incense poem to Moriharu's poem |chapter=第一章 韓偓の事蹟に關する再考證 |trans-chapter=Chapter 1 Reconsideration of Han Wo |language=ja |url=http://ir.nul.nagoya-u.ac.jp/jspui/bitstream/2237/19558/1/%E8%AB%96%E6%96%87%E3%81%AE%E8%A6%81%E7%B4%84%EF%BC%88%E9%99%B3%E6%96%87%E4%BD%B3%EF%BC%89.pdf |access-date=2017-06-09 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171022085924/http://ir.nul.nagoya-u.ac.jp/jspui/bitstream/2237/19558/1/%E8%AB%96%E6%96%87%E3%81%AE%E8%A6%81%E7%B4%84%EF%BC%88%E9%99%B3%E6%96%87%E4%BD%B3%EF%BC%89.pdf |archive-date=2017-10-22}}
  • {{cite encyclopedia

|encyclopedia = Daijirin

|title = Han Wo (Kan Aku in Japanese)

|language = japanese

|year = 2006

|publisher = Sanseidō

|url = https://kotobank.jp/word/%E9%9F%93%E5%81%93-2361647#E5.A4.A7.E8.BE.9E.E6.9E.97.20.E7.AC.AC.E4.B8.89.E7.89.88

|access-date = 2017-06-10

|ref = {{SfnRef|Daijirin|2006}}

}}

  • {{cite book

|last = Kawai

|first = Kōzō

|date = 1975

|chapter = Kan Aku (844-923): Shin Tō Sho kan 183

|pages = 612–625

|editor-last = Ogawa

|editor-first = Tamaki

|editor-link = Tamaki Ogawa

|title = Tōdai no Shijin: Sono Denki

|url =

|location = Tokyo

|publisher = Taishūkan Shoten

|isbn =

|author-link = Kōzō Kawai

}}

  • {{cite encyclopedia

|encyclopedia = Encyclopedia Nipponica

|last = Noguchi

|first = Kazuo

|author-link = Kazuo Noguchi

|title = Han Wo (Kan Aku in Japanese)

|language = japanese

|year = 1994

|publisher = Shogakukan

|url = https://kotobank.jp/word/%E9%9F%93%E5%81%93-2361647#E6.97.A5.E6.9C.AC.E5.A4.A7.E7.99.BE.E7.A7.91.E5.85.A8.E6.9B.B8.28.E3.83.8B.E3.83.83.E3.83.9D.E3.83.8B.E3.82.AB.29

|access-date = 2017-06-10

}}

  • {{cite encyclopedia

|editor-last = Matsuura

|editor-first = Tomohisa

|editor-link = Tomohisa Matsuura

|last1 = Ueki

|first1 = Hisayuki

|author-link1 = Hisayuki Ueki

|last2 = Uno

|first2 = Naoto

|author-link2 = Naoto Uno

|last3 = Matsubara

|first3 = Akira

|author-link3 = Akira Matsubara

|chapter = Shijin to Shi no Shōgai (Kan Aku)

|pages = 148–149

|title = Kanshi no Jiten

|script-title = ja:漢詩の事典

|language = Japanese

|year = 1999

|volume = 1

|location = Tokyo

|publisher = Taishūkan Shoten

|oclc = 41025662

}}

  • {{cite book

|last = Wixted

|first = John Timothy

|date = 2001

|chapter = Chapter 19: Poetry of the Fourteenth Century

|editor-last = Mair

|editor-first = Victor H.

|title = The Columbia History of Chinese Literature

|url =

|location = New York

|publisher = Columbia University Press

|page =

|isbn = 0-231-10984-9

|author-link = John Timothy Wixted

}}

Further reading

  • {{cite book

|last = Upton

|first = Beth Ann

|date = 1980

|title = The Poetry of Han Wo (844-923)

|url =

|location = Berkeley

|publisher = University of California Press

|page =

|isbn =

|author-link = Beth Ann Upton

}}

External links

  • Books of the Quan Tangshi at the Chinese Text Project that include collected poems of Han Wo:
  • [http://ctext.org/quantangshi/680 Book 680]
  • [http://ctext.org/quantangshi/681 Book 681]
  • [http://ctext.org/quantangshi/682 Book 682]
  • [http://ctext.org/quantangshi/683 Book 683]

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Wo, Han}}

Category:840s births

Category:920s deaths

Category:Year of birth uncertain

Category:Year of death uncertain

Category:Tang dynasty poets

Category:Writers from Xi'an

Category:Poets from Shaanxi

Category:9th-century Chinese poets

Category:10th-century Chinese poets

Category:Three Hundred Tang Poems poets

Category:Min (Ten Kingdoms) people