Haplogroup GHIJK
{{Short description|Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup}}
{{Infobox haplogroup
|name=GHIJK
|map=
|origin-date=approx. 49,000-59,000 BP+ BCE
(i.e. similar to estimates for F and G){{cite web |url=http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v514/n7523/extref/nature13810-s1.pdf |title=www.nature.com }}
|origin-place= South Asia, or Southeast Asia{{cite journal |last1=Hallast |first1=Pille |display-authors=etal |title=A Southeast Asian origin for present-day non-African human Y chromosomes |journal=Human Genetics |year=2021 |volume=140 |issue=2 |pages=299–307 |doi=10.1007/s00439-020-02204-9 |pmid=32666166 |s2cid=253976067 |pmc=7864842 }}
|ancestor=F (F-M89)
|mutations=M3658/F1329/PF2622/YSC0001299, CTS2254/M3680/PF2657, FGC2045/Z12203
|members=
}}
Haplogroup GHIJK, defined by the SNPs M3658, F1329, PF2622, and YSC0001299,[http://www.isogg.org/tree/ISOGG_HapgrpF.html ISOGG, 2015, Y-DNA Haplogroup F and its Subclades - 2015] (8 September 2015). is a common Y-chromosome haplogroup. This macrohaplogroup and its subclades contain the vast majority of the world's existing male population.
Phylogeny
GHIJK is the major clade of Haplogroup F (F-M89). It branches subsequently into two direct descendants: Haplogroup G (M201/PF2957) and Haplogroup HIJK (F929/M578/PF3494/S6397). The other haplotypes of Haplogroup F are F1, F2, and F3.
Subclades of GHIJK, under the HIJK lineage, include: H (L901/M2939) and IJK (F-L15). The downstream descendants of Haplogroup IJK include the major haplogroups I, J, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S and T.
Distribution
The basal paragroup GHIJK* has not been identified in living males or ancient remains.
Populations with high proportions of descendant haplogroups were predominant, before the modern era, in males across widely-dispersed areas and populations. These include:
- the Caucasus and West Asia (e. g. haplogroups G, J, and R);
- South Asia (e. g. haplogroups H, J, L, and R);
- Europe (e. g. haplogroups G, I, J, Q, R and N);
- East Asia, Southeast Asia and Oceania (e.g. haplogroups K, M, N, P, O, S)
- Central Asia (e. g. haplogroups J, P, Q, and R) and;
- most Native American peoples (e. g. haplogroup Q and R)
Footnotes
{{reflist}}
See also
===Genetics===
{{columns-list|colwidth=22em|
- Conversion table for Y chromosome haplogroups
- Genetic genealogy
- Genetic history of the Middle East
- Haplogroup
- Haplotype
- Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup
- Molecular phylogenetics
- Paragroup
- Subclade
- Y-chromosomal Aaron
- Y-chromosome haplogroups in populations of the world
- Y-DNA haplogroups by ethnic group
- Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of South Asia
}}
=Backbone Tree=
{{Y-DNA}}