Harakat Hezbollah al-Nujaba

{{Short description|Iraqi Shi'ite paramilitary group}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2024}}

{{Infobox War Faction

| name = 12th Brigade
Harakat Hezbollah al-Nujaba

| native_name = {{langx|ar|حركة حزب الله النجباء}}

| war = Iraq War
War in Iraq
Syrian Civil War

| image = Harakat Hezbollah al-Nujaba.png

| caption =

| spokesperson = Nasr al-Shammari{{cite web|url=https://www.memri.org/reports/spokesman-iran-backed-iraqi-shiite-militia-syria-we-have-established-golan-liberation-army|title=Spokesman For Iran-Backed Iraqi Shi'ite Militia In Syria: 'We Have Established The Golan Liberation Army'|website=MEMRI|access-date=28 August 2018|archive-date=29 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180829000330/https://www.memri.org/reports/spokesman-iran-backed-iraqi-shiite-militia-syria-we-have-established-golan-liberation-army|url-status=live}}

| active = 2013–present

| ideology = Shia Islamism
Vilayat-e Faqih
Khomeinism{{cite web |url=https://www.clingendael.org/sites/default/files/2017-09/PB_Autonomy_Syrian_militias_NG.pdf |title=Assad Rex? Assessing the autonomy of Syrian armed groups fighting for the regime |website=Clingendael |page=5 |date=September 2017 |access-date=2 August 2018 |archive-date=2 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180802193350/https://www.clingendael.org/sites/default/files/2017-09/PB_Autonomy_Syrian_militias_NG.pdf |url-status=live }}
Anti-West{{cite web|url=https://www.wilsoncenter.org/article/part-2-pro-iran-militias-iraq|title=Part 2: Pro-Iran Militias in Iraq|date=27 April 2018|website=Wilson Center|access-date=21 November 2018|archive-date=16 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190916051158/https://www.wilsoncenter.org/article/part-2-pro-iran-militias-iraq|url-status=live}}
Anti-Zionism
Anti-Americanism

| allegiance = {{IRN}} (IRGC){{cite web|url=https://www.fdd.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/HarakatNujaba.pdf|access-date=24 April 2023|website=fdd.org|title=Harakat Hezbollah alNujaba (The Movement of the Noble of Hezbollah)|date=November 2018|archive-date=19 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230719190257/http://www.fdd.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/HarakatNujaba.pdf|url-status=live}}
{{IRQ}} (2014–present){{cite web|url=http://alnujaba.com/10226--.html|title=خلاطي: حركة النجباء جزء من مؤسسة الحشد الشعبي الرسمية|website=حركة النجباء|access-date=6 August 2018|archive-date=22 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171122103908/http://alnujaba.com/10226--.html|url-status=dead}}

| clans = See section

| leaders = Akram al-Kaabi{{cite web|url=http://www.aymennjawad.org/2015/04/interview-with-the-leader-of-harakat-al-nujaba|title=Interview with the leader of Harakat al-Nujaba: Translation and Analysis|first=Aymenn Jawad|last=Al-Tamimi|date=28 April 2015|access-date=8 June 2016|archive-date=9 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190609232231/http://www.aymennjawad.org/2015/04/interview-with-the-leader-of-harakat-al-nujaba|url-status=live}}

| headquarters =

| area = Iraq
Gaza Strip (charity work){{Cite web|url = https://www.terrorism-info.org.il/en/nujaba-movement-iraqi-shiite-militia-handled-iran-also-operates-gaza-strip/|title = The Nujaba Movement, an Iraqi Shiite militia handled by Iran, also operates in the Gaza Strip|date = 25 May 2020|access-date = 8 May 2021|archive-date = 8 May 2021|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210508205417/https://www.terrorism-info.org.il/en/nujaba-movement-iraqi-shiite-militia-handled-iran-also-operates-gaza-strip/|url-status = live}}
Syrian Civil War
Aleppo
East Ghouta, Damascus{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=69c8rRTb7KA|title=عمليات حركة النجباء في سوريا - الغوطة الشرقية|last=قناة النجباء الفضائية|date=10 October 2015|access-date=8 June 2016|via=YouTube|archive-date=3 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200103105515/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=69c8rRTb7KA|url-status=live}}
Latakia{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fh8L5bVfUsg|title=Harakat Hezbollah al-Nujaba: Operation in Latakia (2015)|last=Stahlgewitter Syrien 2|date=11 November 2015|access-date=8 June 2016|via=YouTube|archive-date=22 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160322155934/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fh8L5bVfUsg|url-status=live}}
Al-Ghab Plain, Hama{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RK9f-NSRN-0|title=المقاومة الاسلامية حركة النجباء معارك تحرير سهل الغاب / سوريا|last=قناة النجباء الفضائية|date=1 September 2015|access-date=8 June 2016|via=YouTube|archive-date=3 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200103105519/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RK9f-NSRN-0|url-status=live}}

| size = 8,000-10,000 (2017)

| predecessor = {{flagicon image|}} Asaib Ahl al-Haq

| partof = {{flagicon image|Al hashd al shaabi 379865.jpg}} Popular Mobilization Forces{{cite web|url=http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2015/11/us-designated-terrorist-of-iraqi-militia-reportedly-in-aleppo.php|title=Iraqi Shiite militia leader says he would overthrow government if ordered by Iran's supreme leader - The Long War Journal|date=12 November 2015 |access-date=8 June 2016|archive-date=30 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330160457/https://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2015/11/us-designated-terrorist-of-iraqi-militia-reportedly-in-aleppo.php|url-status=live}}
Islamic Resistance in Iraq
{{flagicon image|Syrian-4thDIV-TRF.svg}} 4th Armoured Division (until 2024){{cite web|url=http://www.aymennjawad.org/2018/09/harakat-al-nujaba-interview|title=Harakat al-Nujaba': Interview|first=Aymenn Jawad|last=Al-Tamimi|website=Aymenn Jawad Al-Tamimi|date=5 September 2018|access-date=30 October 2018|archive-date=13 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190513111931/http://www.aymennjawad.org/2018/09/harakat-al-nujaba-interview|url-status=live}}

| allies = State allies

  • {{IRN}}
  • {{RUS}}
  • {{PRK}}
  • {{flagicon|Syria|1980}} Ba'athist Syria (until 2024)
  • {{flagicon image|Flag of the Syrian Arab Armed Forces (1980–2024).svg}} SAF
  • {{flagicon image|InfoboxNDF.png}} NDF

Non-state allies

  • {{flagicon image|Kata'ib Hezbollah sans logo.JPG}} Kata'ib Hezbollah
  • {{flagicon image|Liwa Abu al-Fadhal al-Abbas SSI.svg}} Liwa Abu al-Fadhal al-Abbas
  • {{flag|Hezbollah}}
  • {{flagicon image|Asb.png}} Asaib Ahl al-Haq{{cite web|url=http://oneiraqnews.com/?aa=news&id22=2307|title=الحشد الشعبي: التشكيل.. التدريب .. النشوء ومراحل تصنيع السلاح|website=oneiraqnews.com|access-date=23 March 2019|archive-date=30 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220330062729/http://oneiraqnews.com/?aa=news&id22=2307|url-status=live}}
  • {{flagicon image|Bandera de Castrillón.svg}} Liwa Dhulfiqar{{cite web |url=https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/uploads/Documents/pubs/PF138Appendices/PF138_Appendix_2.pdf |title=Archived copy |website=www.washingtoninstitute.org |access-date=17 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402142041/https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/uploads/Documents/pubs/PF138Appendices/PF138_Appendix_2.pdf |archive-date=2 April 2015 |url-status=dead}}
  • {{flagicon image|Liwa_Fatemiyoun_infobox_flag.png}} Liwa Fatemiyoun{{cite web|url=https://www.mei.edu/publications/after-isis-fatemiyoun-vows-fight-axis-resistance-destroy-israel|title=After ISIS, Fatemiyoun Vows to Fight with "Axis of Resistance" to Destroy Israel|website=Middle East Institute|access-date=23 March 2019|archive-date=16 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200716012136/https://www.mei.edu/publications/after-isis-fatemiyoun-vows-fight-axis-resistance-destroy-israel|url-status=live}}
  • {{flagicon|Syria|1980}} Baqir Brigade{{cite web|url=http://www.aymennjawad.org/18859/the-local-defence-forces-regime-auxiliary-forces|title=The Local Defence Forces: Regime Auxiliary Forces in Aleppo|first=Aymenn Jawad|last=Al-Tamimi|website=Aymenn Jawad Al-Tamimi|access-date=29 July 2018|archive-date=30 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180930173906/http://www.aymennjawad.org/18859/the-local-defence-forces-regime-auxiliary-forces|url-status=live}}
  • {{flagicon image|Ansarullah Flag Vector.svg}} Houthis (alleged, denied){{cite web|url=https://al-ain.com/article/iran-houthi-terrorism|title=مليشيا "الحشد الشعبي" تقدم دليلا جديدا لدعمها الحوثيين|website=بوابة العين الإخبارية|date=26 April 2018|access-date=28 June 2018|archive-date=28 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180628153309/https://al-ain.com/article/iran-houthi-terrorism|url-status=live}}
  • Faylaq al Waad al Sadiq{{Cite web|url=http://dev-isw.bivings.com/|title=Institute for the Study of War|website=Institute for the Study of War}}

| opponents = State opponents

  • {{flag|United States}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.trtworld.com/opinion/why-iran-is-shielding-the-pkk-in-iraq-44221|title=Why Iran is shielding the PKK in Iraq|website=Why Iran is shielding the PKK in Iraq|access-date=18 February 2021|archive-date=16 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210216230615/https://www.trtworld.com/opinion/why-iran-is-shielding-the-pkk-in-iraq-44221|url-status=live}}
  • {{flag|Turkey}}
  • {{flag|Israel}}
  • {{flag|Palestinian Authority}}
  • {{flagdeco|Syrian opposition}} Syria (since 2024){{cite web|url=https://www.nedaa-sy.com/news/697|title=الجيش السوري الحر يدمر أكبر مواقع حركة النجباء العراقية بالبادية السورية|date=18 July 2017|website=نداء سوريا|access-date=7 July 2018|archive-date=3 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200103105506/https://www.nedaa-sy.com/news/697|url-status=dead}}

{{Collapsible list

|bullets = yes

|title = Non-state opponents

|{{flag|Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant|size=23px}}

|{{flagdeco|Syrian opposition}} Mountain Hawks Brigade{{Cite web|url=http://www.shaam.org/news/syria-news/%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A1-%D8%B5%D9%82%D9%88%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%A8%D9%84-%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%87%D8%AF%D9%81-%D8%BA%D8%B1%D9%81%D8%A9-%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A1-%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%84-%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%81-%D8%AD%D9%84%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%8A.html|title=لواء صقور الجبل يستهدف غرفة عمليات حركة النجباء ويدمرها بالكامل بريف حلب الجنوبي|website=www.shaam.org|access-date=23 February 2021|archive-date=16 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231016034716/https://shaam.org/news/syria-news/%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A1-%D8%B5%D9%82%D9%88%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%A8%D9%84-%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%87%D8%AF%D9%81-%D8%BA%D8%B1%D9%81%D8%A9-%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A1-%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%84-%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%81-%D8%AD%D9%84%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%8A.html|url-status=live}}

|{{flagicon image|Flag of the Islamic Front (Syria) (Black).svg}} Islamic Front

|{{flagicon image|Flag of Ahrar ash-Sham.svg}} Ahrar al-Sham{{Cite web|url=http://alnujaba.com/3597-اخر%20عمليات%20%20ابطال%20النجباء%20في%20سوريا.html|title=اخر عمليات ابطال النجباء في سوريا|website=حركة النجباء|access-date=3 August 2019}}{{Dead link|date=February 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}

|{{flagicon image|Flag of the Al-Nusra Front (Variant).svg|size=23px}} Al-Nusra Front{{Cite web|url=https://www.alalamtv.net/404.html|title=::. صفحه مورد نظر یافت نشد ..::|website=www.alalamtv.net|access-date=3 August 2019|archive-date=18 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200518000445/https://www.alalamtv.net/404.html|url-status=dead}}

|{{flagicon image|Flag of Ajnad al-Sham.png}} Ajnad al-Sham{{cite web|url=https://arabi21.com/story/956610/%D8%A3%D8%AC%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%85-%D9%8A%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%86-%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%B1-%D8%B9%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B5%D8%B1-%D9%85%D9%86-%D8%AD%D8%B2%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87-%D9%88-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A1-%D8%A8%D8%AD%D9%84%D8%A8|title=أجناد الشام" يعلن أسر عناصر من حزب الله والنجباء بحلب|date=28 October 2016|website=arabi21.com|access-date=27 March 2022|archive-date=12 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220312032113/https://arabi21.com/story/956610/%D8%A3%D8%AC%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%85-%D9%8A%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%86-%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%B1-%D8%B9%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B5%D8%B1-%D9%85%D9%86-%D8%AD%D8%B2%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87-%D9%88-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A1-%D8%A8%D8%AD%D9%84%D8%A8|url-status=live}}

|{{flagicon image|InfoboxHTS.svg}} Tahrir al-Sham{{Cite web|url=https://syrian-mirror.net/ar/%d9%87%d8%ac%d9%88%d9%85-%d9%85%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%ba%d8%aa-%d9%84%d9%87%d9%8a%d8%a6%d8%a9-%d8%aa%d8%ad%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b4%d8%a7%d9%85-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%81-%d8%ad%d9%84%d8%a8/|title=هجوم مباغت لهيئة تحرير الشام في ريف حلب يسفر عن مقتل 10 عناصر من ميليشيا النجباء العراقية|date=12 September 2017|access-date=3 August 2019|archive-date=10 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190610070915/https://syrian-mirror.net/ar/%D9%87%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%85-%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%BA%D8%AA-%D9%84%D9%87%D9%8A%D8%A6%D8%A9-%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%85-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%81-%D8%AD%D9%84%D8%A8/|url-status=live}}

|{{flagdeco|Iraqi Kurdistan}} Peshmerga{{cite web|url=https://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2017/10/kurdish-forces-and-iraqi-forces-militias-clash-in-northern-iraq.php|title=Kurdish and Iraqi forces, militias clash in northern Iraq - FDD's Long War Journal|date=26 October 2017|website=www.longwarjournal.org|access-date=14 July 2018|archive-date=1 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200701115835/https://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2017/10/kurdish-forces-and-iraqi-forces-militias-clash-in-northern-iraq.php|url-status=live}}

|{{flagicon image|Emblem of the Jaish al-Fatah.svg|border=}} Army of Conquest{{cite web|url=https://www.alquds.co.uk/%EF%BB%BF%D9%85%D9%82%D8%AA%D9%84-17-%D9%85%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A5%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A9-34-%D9%81/|title=مقتل 17 من "النجباء" العراقية وإصابة 34 في حلب… ومقاتلو المعارضة يقصفون مدرسة في درعا واشتباكات مستمرة بين "جند الأقصى" و"أحرار الشام" رغم اتفاق وقف القتال|website=alquds.co.uk|language=Arabic|date=11 October 2016|access-date=27 March 2022|archive-date=11 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220711151908/https://www.alquds.co.uk/%EF%BB%BF%D9%85%D9%82%D8%AA%D9%84-17-%D9%85%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A5%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A9-34-%D9%81/|url-status=live}}

|{{flagicon image|Flag of Syrian Democratic Forces.svg}} Syrian Democratic Forces

}}

| battles = Iraqi insurgency (2003–11) (as Asaib Ahl al-Haq)

War in Iraq (2013–2017)

  • Second Battle of Tikrit{{cite web|url=http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2015/03/us-continues-airstrikes-in-tikrit-despite-involvement-of-iranian-backed-shiite-militias.php|title=US continues airstrikes in Tikrit despite involvement of Iranian-backed Shiite militias|work=The Long War Journal|date=28 March 2015|author=Bill Roggio|access-date=8 June 2016|archive-date=10 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190610150432/https://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2015/03/us-continues-airstrikes-in-tikrit-despite-involvement-of-iranian-backed-shiite-militias.php|url-status=live}}

{{Collapsible list

|bullets = yes

|title = Syrian Civil War

|Siege of Nubl and al-Zahraa{{cite web|url=https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/view/iraqi-shiite-foreign-fighters-on-the-rise-again-in-syria|title=Iraqi Shiite Foreign Fighters on the Rise Again in Syria|website=www.washingtoninstitute.org|access-date=30 July 2018|archive-date=4 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190404101419/https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/view/iraqi-shiite-foreign-fighters-on-the-rise-again-in-syria|url-status=live}}

|Northwestern Syria offensive (October–November 2015)

|Latakia offensive (2015–2016)

|Aleppo offensive (October–December 2015)

|Northern Aleppo offensive (February 2016)

|2017 Abu Kamal offensive

|Rif Dimashq offensive (February–April 2018)

|Northwestern Syria offensive (2024)

}}

Attacks on U.S. bases in Iraq, Jordan, and Syria

Israeli invasion of Lebanon (2024–present)

| designated_as_terror_group_by = {{USA}}{{cite web|url=http://www.irna.ir/ar/News/82933205/|title='الفتح' يستنكر ادراج العصائب والنجباء في لائحة الارهاب الاميركية|website=ارنا|date=2 June 2018 |access-date=23 March 2019|archive-date=16 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231016050755/https://www.irna.ir/ar/News/82933205/|url-status=live}}

| website = {{Official website|alnujaba.ir}}

}}

Harakat Hezbollah al-Nujaba (The Nujaba Movement or HHN; {{langx|ar|حركة حزب الله النجباء|Ḥaraka Ḥizballāh an-Nujabā’|lit=Movement of the Party of God's Nobles}}), officially the 12th Brigade, is a radical Iraqi Shi'ite paramilitary group that is especially active in Iraq and formerly in Ba'athist Syria. It was established in 2013 by Akram al-Kaabi to support Bashar al-Assad in Syria against Islamist rebels. The group is supported by the IRGC's Quds Force, which provides the funding, weapons, and training of its members.{{Cite web |date=31 December 2017 |title=The Movement of the Noble Ones (Harakat al-Nujaba) |url=https://www.terrorism-info.org.il/en/movement-noble-ones-harakat-al-nujaba-portrait-iraqi-shiite-militia-operated-iraq-syria-iran-intended-future-strategic-missions/ |publisher=Meir Amit Intelligence and Terrorism Information Center |access-date=17 January 2023 |archive-date=17 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230117183211/https://www.terrorism-info.org.il/en/movement-noble-ones-harakat-al-nujaba-portrait-iraqi-shiite-militia-operated-iraq-syria-iran-intended-future-strategic-missions/ |url-status=live }}

The militia is also supported by the Lebanese Hezbollah and acts as part of the Axis of Resistance. It is a part of Iraq's Popular Mobilization Forces (PMF), a group of Shi’ite militias that are close to Iran, until 2020 when it joined the Islamic Resistance in Iraq.{{cite web|url=https://www.newarab.com/news/who-islamic-resistance-iraq|title=Who is the Islamic Resistance in Iraq, the mysterious group attacking US and Israeli targets over Gaza?|work=The New Arab|author1=Dana Taib Menmy|author2=Oliver Mizzi|date=8 November 2023|access-date=19 December 2023|archive-date=16 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231216165217/https://www.newarab.com/news/who-islamic-resistance-iraq|url-status=live}} The Nujaba Movement adopts the ideology of the Islamic Revolution in Iran and regards Iran's Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei as its supreme leader. A January 2024 report in The Hill indicates that it is still part of the PMF.{{cite web|url=https://thehill.com/policy/defense/4391371-iraq-moving-to-remove-us-led-military-coalition-prime-minister-says/|title=Iraq moving to remove US-led military coalition, prime minister says|work=The Hill|date=5 January 2024|accessdate=5 January 2024|author=Brad Dress}} The group seeks to establish an Iran-aligned government in Iraq, expel U.S. and allied forces from the country, and advance Iranian interests throughout the Middle East.

HHN militia fighters in Iraq are deployed mainly in southern Iraq and in the provinces of Baghdad, Salah ad Din, Diyala, and Nineveh. The militia fighters in Syria are deployed mainly in the provinces of Deir ez-Zor and Raqqa, where they have established positions, headquarters, training camps, and recruitment offices to recruit Syrian residents.{{Cite web |date=14 May 2023 |title=The Nujaba Movement – the Movement of the Noble Ones: One of the dominant pro-Iranian militias in Iraq |url=https://www.terrorism-info.org.il/en/the-nujaba-movement-the-movement-of-the-noble-ones-one-of-the-dominant-pro-iranian-militias-in-iraq/ |publisher=The Meir Amit Intelligence and Terrorism Information Center |access-date=15 May 2023 |archive-date=15 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230515192424/https://www.terrorism-info.org.il/en/the-nujaba-movement-the-movement-of-the-noble-ones-one-of-the-dominant-pro-iranian-militias-in-iraq/ |url-status=live }}

HHN has a TV channel named Al-Nujaba TV, which is based in Baghdad, Iraq.{{cite news|url=http://www.reuters.com/investigates/special-report/mideast-crisis-iraq-nujaba/|title=The Iraqi militia helping Iran carve a road to Damascus|first=Babak|last=Dehghanpisheh|work=Reuters|access-date=23 March 2019|archive-date=27 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327185746/https://www.reuters.com/investigates/special-report/mideast-crisis-iraq-nujaba/|url-status=live}}

In March 2019, the U.S. Secretary of State Mike Pompeo designated Harakat Hezbollah al-Nujaba (and all its aliases and component parts) and its leader Akram al-Kaabi Specially Designated Global Terrorists (SDGT).{{Cite web |date=5 March 2019 |title=State Department Terrorist Designation of Harakat al-Nujaba (HAN) and Akram 'Abbas al-Kabi |url=https://2017-2021.state.gov/state-department-terrorist-designation-of-harakat-al-nujaba-han-and-akram-abbas-al-kabi/ |website=U.S. Department of State |access-date=28 November 2023 |archive-date=4 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231204004728/https://2017-2021.state.gov/state-department-terrorist-designation-of-harakat-al-nujaba-han-and-akram-abbas-al-kabi/ |url-status=live }}{{cite web|url=https://www.thenational.ae/world/mena/us-sanctions-iranian-militia-in-iraq-here-s-what-you-need-to-know-about-harakat-hezbollah-al-nujaba-1.833952|title=US sanctions Iranian militia in Iraq: here's what you need to know about Harakat Hezbollah Al Nujaba|website=The National|date=6 March 2019|access-date=4 January 2020|archive-date=10 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200810031154/https://www.thenational.ae/world/mena/us-sanctions-iranian-militia-in-iraq-here-s-what-you-need-to-know-about-harakat-hezbollah-al-nujaba-1.833952|url-status=live}} The sanctions prohibits business with the militia and its leader and freezes all property in their possession.{{Cite web|url=https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2019/03/15/2019-04508/designation-of-harakat-al-nujaba-aka-harakat-hezbollah-al-nujaba-aka-movement-of-the-noble-ones|title=Designation of Harakat al-Nujaba, aka Harakat Hezbollah al-Nujaba, aka Movement of the Noble Ones Hezbollah, aka The Movement of the Noble Ones, aka Golan Liberation Brigade, aka Ammar ibn Yasir Brigade, aka Imam al-Hasan al-Mujtaba Brigade, aka al-Hamad Brigade, aka al-Nujaba TV as a Specially Designated Global Terrorist|date=15 March 2019|website=Federal Register|access-date=6 January 2020|archive-date=24 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220324225928/https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2019/03/15/2019-04508/designation-of-harakat-al-nujaba-aka-harakat-hezbollah-al-nujaba-aka-movement-of-the-noble-ones|url-status=live}}

Flags

{{Gallery

|title=Flags of Harakat al-Nujaba

|align=center-left

|footer=

|height=100

|width=120

|file:Harakat Hezbollah al-Nujaba.png|The official flag of the group

|File:Flag of Iraq.svg|The Flag of Iraq used by the group{{cite web|url=https://www.longwarjournal.org/harakat-al-nujaba-fallujah-banner|title=Harakat-al-Nujaba-Fallujah-banner - FDD's Long War Journal|website=www.longwarjournal.org|access-date=27 August 2018|archive-date=27 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180827174017/https://www.longwarjournal.org/harakat-al-nujaba-fallujah-banner|url-status=live}}{{cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/iraqi-militias-complicate-aleppo-battle-1475687051|title=Iraqi Militias Complicate Aleppo Battle|first1=Tamer|last1=El-Ghobashy|first2=Maria|last2=Abi-Habib|newspaper=Wall Street Journal|date=5 October 2016|via=www.wsj.com|access-date=27 August 2018|archive-date=27 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180827142323/https://www.wsj.com/articles/iraqi-militias-complicate-aleppo-battle-1475687051|url-status=live}}

}}

History

HHN emerged in 2013 as an offshoot of the Iraqi paramilitary Asaib Ahl al-Haq (AAH) and is led by AAH co-founder Akram al-Kaabi. al-Kaabi said that he formed the militia after a period of inactivity in the Syrian Civil War. He denies it emerged from a "split" with AAH, but that he chose not to unify with them due to disagreements.{{cite web|url=http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2015/03/iraq-shiite-hezbollah-nujaba-victory-islamic-state.html|title=Iraq's Shiite forces claim victory over IS|date=16 March 2015|publisher=Al-Monitor|access-date=8 June 2016|archive-date=20 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150320044125/http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2015/03/iraq-shiite-hezbollah-nujaba-victory-islamic-state.html|url-status=live}}

The two groups still share close affinity, often simultaneously commemorating martyrs.{{cite web|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/iran-backed-iraqi-militias-are-pouring-into-syria-2015-10?r=US&IR=T|title=Iran-backed Iraqi militias are pouring into Syria|date=2 October 2015|work=Business Insider|access-date=3 October 2015|archive-date=9 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171009225131/http://uk.businessinsider.com/iran-backed-iraqi-militias-are-pouring-into-syria-2015-10?r=US&IR=T|url-status=live}} They have released a nasheed praising Iranian Quds Force commander Qasem Soleimani. Both groups follow the Iranian government's ideology, and al-Kaabi has stated that he would overthrow the Iraqi government or fight alongside the Yemeni Houthis if ordered by Grand Ayatollah Khamenei.

HHN was one of the first Iraqi paramilitaries to send fighters to Syria, where it has been active since its formation in 2013. It has had an increasing role in Syria after a significant boost to recruitment efforts took place in 2015. It was a major participant in the 2015 South Aleppo offensive{{cite web|url=http://www.almasdarnews.com/article/hezbollah-and-harakat-al-nujaba-launch-a-massive-assault-in-southern-aleppo/|title=Syrian Army and Hezbollah launch massive assault in southern Aleppo|author=Leith Fadel|date=16 December 2015|work=Al-Masdar News|access-date=29 January 2016|archive-date=9 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190609233743/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/hezbollah-and-harakat-al-nujaba-launch-a-massive-assault-in-southern-aleppo/|url-status=dead}} and the breaking of the siege of the Shia towns Nubl and Zahraa.{{cite web|url=http://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-hezbollah-launch-preliminary-offensive-in-northern-aleppo/|title=Syrian Army, Hezbollah launch preliminary offensive in northern Aleppo|first=Leith|last=Fadel|date=1 February 2016|access-date=8 June 2016|archive-date=31 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190831101438/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-hezbollah-launch-preliminary-offensive-in-northern-aleppo/|url-status=dead}}

In December 2014, ABNA.ir published photos of Iranian-built Yasir UAV (an unlicensed copy of the American ScanEagle) claimed in use with HHN.{{cite web|url=http://drone-rss.com/2014/12/irans-scaneagle-clone-new-photos/|title=Iran's ScanEagle Clone – New Photos|work=Drone-RSS.com|access-date=5 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160416063429/http://drone-rss.com/2014/12/irans-scaneagle-clone-new-photos/|archive-date=16 April 2016|url-status=dead}}

In April 2015, al-Kaabi said HHN had suffered 126 casualties, including 38 in Syria.

On 1 January 2019, al-Kaabi said that the IRGC and Lebanese Hezbollah helped the militia Shi'ite forces of the Mahdi Army that were fighting the U.S. forces in 2004. He said that in the 2004 Battle of Najaf, IRGC and Hezbollah officers were present on the ground and helped during the battle, in which 13 US servicemen were killed and over 100 wounded.{{Cite web|url=https://www.memri.org/reports/al-nujaba-militia-leader-sheikh-akram-al-kaabi-irgc-and-lebanese-hizbullah-officers-have|title=Al-Nujaba Militia Leader Sheikh Akram Al-Kaabi: IRGC And Lebanese Hizbullah Officers Have Guided Us In Fighting The American Forces Since 2004: 'We Started Using Explosively Formed Penetrators... They Would Explode Inside The Tank, Destroying It And Killing' The Americans Inside|publisher=MEMRI|access-date=6 January 2020|archive-date=16 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211016050907/https://www.memri.org/reports/al-nujaba-militia-leader-sheikh-akram-al-kaabi-irgc-and-lebanese-hizbullah-officers-have|url-status=live}}

In November 2023, the Islamic Resistance in Iraq launched missiles on various Israel targets, including in the Red Sea city of Eilat.{{cite web|url=https://en.irna.ir/news/85290799|title=Iraq's al-Nujaba says successfully targeted Israeli regime's Eilat port|first=|last=|date=|access-date=8 June 2016|archive-date=26 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231126175253/https://en.irna.ir/news/85290799|url-status=live}}

On 3 December 2023, five members of Harakat Hezbollah al-Nujaba were killed in U.S. airstrikes near Kirkuk as they were preparing to launch a drone against American forces.{{Cite web |date=3 December 2023 |title=US airstrike kills five militia members in Iraq: Sources |url=https://english.alarabiya.net/News/middle-east/2023/12/03/US-airstrike-kills-five-militia-members-in-Iraq-Sources |website=Al Arabiya |access-date=3 December 2023 |archive-date=3 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231203190134/https://english.alarabiya.net/News/middle-east/2023/12/03/US-airstrike-kills-five-militia-members-in-Iraq-Sources |url-status=live }}{{Cite web |date=3 December 2023 |title=US drone strike kills five pro-Iran militants in Iraq |url=https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/iraq-iran-us-strike-kills-five-militants |website=Middle East Eye |access-date=4 December 2023 |archive-date=4 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231204004541/https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/iraq-iran-us-strike-kills-five-militants |url-status=live }}

On 4 January 2024, a targeted drone strike by the U.S. military in Baghdad killed the region's deputy commander of operations, Mushtaq Talib Al-Saeedi, or Abu Taqwa. Other casualties sustained included 3 additional individuals and 6 wounded.{{Cite news |last1=Salim |first1=Mustafa |last2=Loveluck |first2=Louisa |last3=Lamothe |first3=Dan |last4=Horton |first4=Alex |date=5 January 2024 |title=U.S. strike in Baghdad raises specter of wider regional war |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/2024/01/04/us-strike-baghdad/ |access-date=5 January 2024 |newspaper=Washington Post |language=en-US |issn=0190-8286}}{{Cite web |title=Iraq blames US-led coalition for deadly drone strike in Baghdad |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/1/4/iraq-blames-us-led-coalition-for-baghdad-deadly-drone-strike |access-date=5 January 2024 |website=Al Jazeera |language=en |archive-date=4 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240104151923/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/1/4/iraq-blames-us-led-coalition-for-baghdad-deadly-drone-strike |url-status=live }}

Divisions

HHN comprises four brigades:{{cite web|url=https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/uploads/Documents/pubs/PF138Appendices/PF138_Appendix_2.pdf |title=Understanding the Organizations Deployed to Syria |publisher=The Washington Institute for Near East Policy |access-date=8 June 2016 |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160325074712/https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/uploads/Documents/pubs/PF138Appendices/PF138_Appendix_2.pdf |archive-date=25 March 2016}}{{cite web|url=http://www.refworld.org/docid/5538b4004.html|title=Refworld - A Short Profile of Iraq's Shi'a Militias|first=United Nations High Commissioner for|last=Refugees|access-date=8 June 2016|archive-date=9 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190609232238/https://www.refworld.org/docid/5538b4004.html|url-status=live}}

  • Liwa Ammar Ibn Yasir (Ammar Ibn Yasir Brigade; designated as terrorist by UAE){{cite web |url=https://www.kuna.net.kw/ArticleDetails.aspx?id=2408700&Language=en |title=UAE cabinet endorses new list of terrorist groups |website=kuna.net |date=15 November 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129034608/https://www.kuna.net.kw/ArticleDetails.aspx?id=2408700&Language=en |archive-date=29 November 2014 }}
  • Liwa al-Hamd (Praise Brigade)
  • Liwa al-Imam al-Hassan al-Mujtaba (Brigade of Imam Hassan the Chosen)
  • Golan Liberation Brigade{{cite web|url=https://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2017/03/irgc-controlled-iraqi-militia-forms-golan-liberation-brigade.php|title=IRGC-controlled Iraqi militia forms 'Golan Liberation Brigade'|work=Long War Journal|date=12 March 2017|access-date=23 March 2019|archive-date=8 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190408154458/https://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2017/03/irgc-controlled-iraqi-militia-forms-golan-liberation-brigade.php|url-status=live}}

See also

References

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