Hararghe

Hararghe is derived from the root Harari term "Gey" which refers to the modern city of Harar.{{cite journal |last1=Metaferia |first1=Seifu |title=THE EASTERN OROMO (K'OTTUS) OF ETHIOPIA AND THEIR TIME-RECKONING « SYSTEM » |journal=Africa: Rivista Trimestrale di Studi e Documentazione dell'istituto Italiano per l'Africa e l'Oriente |date=1978 |volume=33 |issue=4 |publisher=Istituto Italiano per l'Africa e l'Oriente (IsIAO) |page=476 |jstor=40759054 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/40759054}} The term Hararghe was used to refer solely to the modern city of Harar prior to the invasion of the Harar Emirate by the Abyssinians in 1887.{{cite book |last1=Gäbrä Maryam |first1=Aläqa |title=History of the People of Ethiopia |date=1987 |publisher=Centre for Multiethnic Research, Uppsala University-Faculty of Arts |page=95 |isbn=978-91-86624-12-5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=K7ZmQgAACAAJ}}

The region consisted mostly of the territory of the Emirate of Harar annexed by Menelik II in 1887. Including Ethiopia's part of the Ogaden, Haraghe was bounded on west by Shewa, northwest by Wollo Province, northeast by French Somaliland and on the east by Somalia. Originally however Hararghe included the Sidamo, Bale and Arsi Province until Haile Selassie split the provinces.{{cite book |title=History of Harar |page=173 |url=https://www.everythingharar.com/files/History_of_Harar_and_Harari-HNL.pdf}} Hararghe was the historical homeland of the Harla people and often synonymous with the region of Adal.{{cite book |last1=Roland |first1=Oliver |title=Cambridge History of Africa |publisher=Cambridge University Press |page=149 |url=https://www.sahistory.org.za/sites/default/files/archive-files3/roland_oliver_the_cambridge_history_of_africa_vbook4you.pdf}}{{cite book|last=Gebissa|first=Ezekiel|authorlink=Ezekiel Gebissa|title=Leaf of Allah: Khat & Agricultural Transformation in Harerge, Ethiopia 1875-1991|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ga91oPVFb5MC&pg=PA207|year=2004|publisher=Ohio State University Press|isbn=978-0-85255-480-7|page=207}}{{cite book |last1=McKenna |first1=Amy |title=The History of Central and Eastern Africa |date=15 January 2011 |publisher=Britannica Educational Pub |page=100 |isbn=978-1-61530-322-9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6SufcWs47LgC&dq=adal+,+ifat%27s+militant+successor+located+in+the+semidesert+harer+region,+adal&pg=PA100}}{{cite book |last1=Fontrier |first1=Marc |title=Abou-Bakr Ibrahim, pasha of Zeyla, slave trader trade and diplomacy in the Gulf of Tadjoura, 1840-1885 |date=2018 |publisher=Harmattan |page=32 |isbn=978-2-343-15162-5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rmJwDwAAQBAJ&dq=Bay%C9%96%C4%AB%CA%BFo,+clan+afar+s%C3%A9dentaire+%3B+ensuite+les+Haralla+qui,+descendus+en+plusieurs+vagues+peut-%C3%AAtre+d%C3%A8s+le+VIIe+si%C3%A8cle+des+montagnes+du+Har%C3%A4rgi%C3%A92&pg=PA32}}

Hararghe was altered as a result of Proclamation 1943/1, which created twelve taklai ghizats from the existing 42 provinces of varying sizes.{{cite journal |last1=Selassie |first1=Bereket Habte |title=Constitutional Development in Ethiopia |journal=Journal of African Law |date=1966 |volume=10 |issue=2 |page=79 |doi=10.1017/S002185530000454X |issn=0021-8553|jstor=744683 |s2cid=143788971 }} A comparison of the two maps in Margary Perham, The Government of Ethiopia shows that Hararghe was created by combining the Sultanate of Aussa, the lands of the Karanle, Ogaden, Issa, and Gadabursi with the 1935 provinces of Chercher and Harar.Perham, The Government of Ethiopia, second edition (London: Faber and Faber, 1969), maps 1 and 2

In 1960, the province south of the Shebelle River was made into its own province, Bale.{{cite book|last=Henze|first=Paul B.|authorlink=Paul B. Henze|title=Layers of Time: A History of Ethiopia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3VYBDgAAQBAJ&pg=PA238|year=2000|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-1-137-11786-1|page=238}} With the adoption of the new constitution in 1995, Hararghe was divided between the Oromia, Afar and Somali Regions, which was given a large part, and what remained was a tiny Harari.

As per the account of Somali historian Mohammed Nuuh Ali, speakers of Ethio-Semitic languages migrated from their original area near the northern Awash River to Hararghe around the 1st millennium BC, where they came into contact with an ancient Cushitic-speaking population.{{cite book |last1=Ali |first1=Mohamed |title=History in the Horn of Africa, 1000 B.C.-1500 A.D.: Aspects of Social and Economic Change Between the Rift Valley and the Indian Ocean |date=1985 |quote="In the areas at the west of the Shebeelle, and east of the middle-Somali plateau, the spread of South Ethiopic language into the eastern arm of the Harar highlands can be dated to the close of the last millennium B.C. (Ehret, 1984:12). The initial settlement of the proto-South Ethiopic was at the upper Awash where they encountered Highland Eastern Cushites. Shortly after this encounter, one South Ethiopic subgroup, the Eastern Cross-Rift people, expanded to the east into the Hararge region and absorbed the local North Lowland Eastern Cushitic speaking populations that preceded them" |publisher=UCLA |page=81 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7gYucAAACAAJ}}

• History of Ethiopia

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Category:Provinces of Ethiopia

Category:States and territories disestablished in 1995

Category:History of Harar