Harmony (ISS module)

Image:Interior of Harmony Node.jpg

The unit formerly known as Node 2 was renamed Harmony in March 2004.{{cite web|url=http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/structure/harmony.html|title=NASA Space Station Module In Perfect "Harmony" With New Name|access-date=September 28, 2007|publisher=NASA|year=2007}} {{PD-notice}} The name was chosen in a competition where more than 2,200 students from 32 states participated.{{Cite web|url=http://www.esa.int/esaHS/ESAWEL0VMOC_iss_0.html|title=Node 2: Connecting Module|access-date=2007-09-28|publisher=ESA|year=2007|author=European Space Agency}}{{Cite web|url=http://www.space.com/news/070315_issnode2_harmony.html|title=Students Name Next U.S. Space Station Module 'Harmony' |access-date=2007-09-28|editor=SPACE.com|year=2007|author=Tariq Malik|website=Space.com }} The Node 2 Challenge required students to learn about the space station, build a scale model, and write an essay explaining their proposed name for the module, which will serve as a central hub for science labs. The six winning classes were: Paul Cummins' 8th grade class at Browne Academy, Alexandria, Va.; Mrs.Sue Wilson's 3rd grade class at Buchanan Elementary School, Baton Rouge, La.; Brigette Berry's 8th grade class at League City Intermediate School, League City, Texas; Bradley Neu's 9th grade science class at Lubbock High School, Lubbock, Texas; Russell Yocum 's 3rd grade class at West Navarre Intermediate School, Navarre, Fla.; and, David Dexheimer's students at the World Group Home School, Monona, Wisconsin.{{Cite web| url=https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/structure/harmony.html| title=NASA Space Station Module In Perfect 'Harmony' With New Name| access-date=17 September 2022| archive-date=20 September 2022| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920170400/https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/structure/harmony.html| url-status=dead}}

Image:ISS-27 American crew quarters.jpg

Image:ISS Node 2 module.jpg]]

Harmony is the second of three node modules on the United States Orbital Segment (USOS).{{cite web|url=http://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Human_and_Robotic_Exploration/International_Space_Station/Node_2_Connecting_Module|title=Node 2: Connecting Module|access-date=23 January 2020|publisher=ESA|year=2007|author=European Space Agency}} It is composed of a cylindrical, {{cvt|5.1|cm}} thick 2219-T851 aluminium alloy pressure shell with two endcones and is thermally insulated by a goldised Kapton blanket. It is protected from micrometeoroids by 98 panels, each made from a composite sandwich of stainless steel and 6061-T6 aluminium alloy, and a secondary barrier of Kevlar/resin.{{cite web|url=https://www.nasa.gov/pdf/192719main_sts120_presskit.pdf|title=STS-120 Press Kit|date=October 2007|publisher=NASA|pages=33|access-date=January 23, 2020|archive-date=4 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210504105904/https://www.nasa.gov/pdf/192719main_sts120_presskit.pdf|url-status=dead}} {{PD-notice}}{{cite web|url=http://wsn.spaceflight.esa.int/docs/Factsheets/5%20Node%202%20LR.pdf|title=Node-2 Harmony Factsheet|pages=4–5|publisher=ESA|access-date=January 23, 2020}} The design is based on the existing Multi-Purpose Logistics Module, as well as the European Space Agency's Columbus module (both of which have only one passive Common Berthing Mechanism [CBM]). There are six CBMs on Harmony: the aft CBM that connects it to Destiny is passive; the rest are active.{{cite web|title=ISS Interface Mechanisms and their Heritage|url=https://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/20110010964_2011009594.pdf|page=23|publisher=NASA|access-date=November 4, 2011}} {{PD-notice}}

Harmony is managed by NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Alabama. Its deployment expanded the Space Station, allowing it to grow from the size of a three-bedroom house, to the space equivalent of a typical five-bedroom house, once the Japanese Kibō and European Columbus laboratories are attached. The Space Station robotic arm, Canadarm2, is able to operate from a powered grapple fixture on the exterior of Harmony.{{cite web|url=http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/structure/elements/node2.html|title=Space Station Assembly: Harmony Node 2|access-date=September 28, 2007|publisher=NASA|year=2007|archive-date=26 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161226201728/https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/structure/elements/node2.html|url-status=dead}} {{PD-notice}} Harmony is equipped with eight International Standard Payload Racks: four avionics racks and four for stowage or crew quarters. The first two were delivered on STS-126 and the second two on STS-128.{{cite web|url=http://www.nasa.gov/pdf/287211main_sts126_press_kit2.pdf|title=STS-126 Press Kit|date=November 2008|publisher=NASA|access-date=September 26, 2011|archive-date=9 December 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081209063050/http://www.nasa.gov/pdf/287211main_sts126_press_kit2.pdf|url-status=dead}} {{PD-notice}}{{cite web |url=http://www.nasa.gov/pdf/379392main_STS-128_Press_Kit.pdf|title=STS-128 Press Kit|date=August 2009|publisher=NASA|access-date=September 26, 2011}} {{PD-notice}} After the cancellation of the Habitation Module, Harmony was chosen to house the American Crew Quarters.{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q4dG9vSyUFQ|title=At Home with Commander Scott Kelly (Video)|date=December 6, 2010|publisher=NASA|access-date=May 8, 2011|location=International Space Station}} {{PD-notice}}{{cite web |first1=James Lee|last1=Broyan |first2=Melissa Ann |last2=Borrego|first3=Juergen F. |last3=Bahr|title=International Space Station USOS Crew Quarters Development|url=https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20080013462|date=January 1, 2008|access-date=November 2, 2022|publisher=SAE International}}

In an agreement between NASA and the European Space Agency, the company Thales Alenia Space, built Harmony at its facility in Turin, Italy. Harmony arrived on 1 June 2003 at the Kennedy Space Center in Florida after its flight in an Airbus Beluga oversize cargo vehicle. Following post transportation inspection, the Italian Space Agency (ASI) formally handed over Harmony to the European Space Agency (ESA). From there, ESA formally transferred ownership of Harmony to NASA on 18 June 2003, taking place in the Space Station Processing Facility (SSPF) of the Kennedy Space Center.{{cite web|url=http://www.esa.int/esaCP/SEMBVOWO4HD_Life_0.html|title=European Node officially handed to NASA|access-date=September 28, 2007|publisher=ESA |year=2003}} The handover of Harmony completed a major element of the barter agreement, between ESA and NASA, that was signed in Turin, Italy on 8 October 1997.

Paolo Nespoli, an ESA astronaut born in Milan, Italy, accompanied the Harmony module aboard STS-120 as a mission specialist.

Harmony was launched on 23 October 2007 aboard of the STS-120, as the primary component of assembly mission ISS-10A.{{cite web|url=http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/shuttle/shuttlemissions/sts120/mission_overview.html|title=STS-120 to Deliver Harmony Node to ISS|access-date=September 28, 2007|publisher=NASA|year=2007|archive-date=3 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170603040355/http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/shuttle/shuttlemissions/sts120/mission_overview.html|url-status=dead}} {{PD-notice}}{{cite web|url=http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/behindscenes/harmony_payload.html|title=STS-120 Bringing Space Station 'Harmony'|access-date=September 28, 2004|publisher=NASA |year=2007}} {{PD-notice}}{{cite web|url=http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/structure/iss_manifest.html|title=Launch Schedule: Consolidated Launch Manifest|access-date=September 28, 2007|publisher=NASA|year=2007|archive-date=7 March 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090307191348/http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/structure/iss_manifest.html|url-status=dead}} {{PD-notice}}

On 26 October 2007, the station's Space Station Remote Manipulator System (SSRMS) removed Harmony from the shuttle cargo bay and temporarily mated it to the port side of Unity and, on 27 October 2007, the crew entered in Harmony.{{cite news|url=http://www.cbsnews.com/network/news/space/current.html|title=Harmony module pulled from cargo bay|access-date=October 26, 2007|work=CBS News|year=2007|author=William Harwood}}{{cite web|url=http://www.spaceflightnow.com/shuttle/sts120/071027fd5/index.html |title=Astronauts enter Harmony|access-date=October 27, 2007|publisher=Spaceflight Now|year=2007|author=William Harwood for CBS News}} After the Space Shuttle departed, Harmony was relocated to the forward dock of the Destiny laboratory. It required three EVAs by the station crew to complete the installation.{{cite web |url=http://www.qsl.net/w2vtm/shuttle.html|title=Upcoming Shuttle Missions and ARISS Operations|access-date=September 28, 2007|publisher=Victor Amateur Radio Association|year=2007}}

File:Harmony node in Space Shuttle Discovery's payload bay.jpg while on its way to the ISS.]]

Harmony was the first permanent living space enlargement to the ISS after the Pirs docking compartment was added in 2001. The Expedition 16 crew moved the Pressurized Mating Adapter (PMA-2) on 12 November 2007 from Destiny to the forward berth of Harmony. The combined PMA-2/Harmony unit was subsequently berthed to its final destination at the forward end of Destiny on 14 November 2007. All the following Space Shuttle missions would dock at this location.

On 11 February 2008, ESA's Columbus laboratory was attached to the starboard hatch of the Harmony module during space shuttle mission STS-122. On 14 March 2008, the Experiment Logistics Module Pressurized Section (ELM-PS) of Kibō was attached to its interim location: the zenith hatch of Harmony. During STS-124, a Space Shuttle mission flown by Space Shuttle Discovery, the Pressurized Module of Kibō was added to the port side of Harmony and the ELM-PS was moved, leaving the zenith hatch empty. The zenith hatch was originally intended to be the permanent docking connector for the now canceled Centrifuge Accommodations Module (CAM).

When the Space Shuttle flew the Multi-Purpose Logistics Modules (MPLMs) to the station, the MPLM would be temporarily berthed to the nadir mechanism of Harmony.{{cite web|url=http://www.spaceref.com/iss/elements/node2.html|title=Space Station User's Guide: ISS Elements: Node 2|access-date=September 28, 2007|publisher=SpaceRef.com|year=2007|archive-date=16 December 2012|archive-url=https://archive.today/20121216130522/http://www.spaceref.com/iss/elements/node2.html|url-status=dead}} The Japanese H-II Transfer Vehicle and the American Commercial Resupply Service (COTS) vehicles, Dragon and Cygnus, are temporarily berthed to either the nadir or zenith mechanism.

In August 2016, the forward docking port was equipped with the International Docking Adapter (IDA) delivered with the CRS-9 mission. This adapter was used for the first time for the automatic docking of the Crew Dragon spacecraft during its uncrewed test mission on 3 March 2019.{{cite web|title=NASA, SpaceX Launch First Flight Test of Space System Designed for Crew|url=https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-spacex-launch-first-flight-test-of-space-system-designed-for-crew|website=nasa.gov|date=2 March 2019 |publisher=NASA|access-date=2 March 2019}} {{PD-notice}}

File:STS-132 Atlantis at ISS 1.jpg|Space Shuttle docked to PMA-2

File:MPLM berthed to Node 2.jpg|MPLM berthed to Node 2 nadir

File:HTV-3 berthed to Harmony nadir.jpg|HTV being berthed to Node 2 nadir

File:COTS2 Dragon is berthed.jpg|Dragon being berthed to Node 2 nadir

File:Orb CRS-1 unberthing - crop.jpg|Cygnus being unberthed from Node 2 nadir

File:Canadarm2 moving Harmony node into position.jpg|Canadarm2 moving the Harmony module into position on the ISS

File:Both commercial Crew vehicles Crew Dragon and Starliner docked to ports on harmony module at the same time.png|Both Commercial Crew vehicles Crew Dragon and Starliner docked to zenith and forward ports on harmony module at the same time

File:Commercial Crew Program vehicles.jpg|Commercial Crew Program vehicles Starliner and Dragon

On 26 March 2017, PMA-3 was robotically removed from the Tranquility module and attached to the zenith port of the Harmony module after being prepared during a successful spacewalk on 24 March 2017. A second spacewalk was conducted on 30 March 2017 to finalize the PMA-3 cable connections on Harmony. PMA-3 is linked to the International Docking Adapter-3 adapter, delivered on the SpaceX CRS-18 mission in July 2019.{{cite web|title=CRS-18 Dragon arrives at the ISS following Falcon 9 launch|url=https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/07/falcon-9-launch-dragon-third-crs-18/|first=Chris|last=Gebhardt |date=July 27, 2019|access-date=June 9, 2020}} IDA-3 was fully linked to PMA-3 during an EVA on 21 August 2019.{{cite web|title=EVA-55 installs second IDA to allow for additional commercial crew vehicle options|url=https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/08/eva-55-ida-additional-commercial-crew-options/|first1=Chris|last1=Bergin|first2=Pete|last2=Harding|publisher=NASASpaceFlight.com|date=August 21, 2019 |access-date=June 9, 2020}}

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{{Reflist}}

{{Commons category|Harmony (ISS module)}}

• [http://www.esa.int/esaHS/ESAWEL0VMOC_iss_0.html Node 2 specifications from the ESA]
• [http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/shuttle/shuttlemissions/sts120/index.html STS-120 mission page] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081115010454/http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/shuttle/shuttlemissions/sts120/index.html |date=15 November 2008 }}
• [http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/structure/elements/node2.html NASA - Harmony Node 2] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161226201728/https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/structure/elements/node2.html |date=26 December 2016 }}
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20100707002115/http://www.thalesaleniaspace-issmodules.com/node-2 Thales Alenia Space page for Node 2]

{{ISS modules}}

{{Orbital launches in 2007}}

Category:Components of the International Space Station

Category:Spacecraft launched in 2007