SpaceX CRS-9

A July 2014 NASA Flight Planning Integration Panel (FPIP) presentation had this mission scheduled no earlier than (NET) 7 December 2015.{{cite web |url=https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/files/ISS_USOS_Program_Status_NAC_Public_July2014_TAGGED.pdf |title=Status of the ISS USOS: NASA Advisory Council HEOMD Committee |publisher=NASA |first=Daniel J. |last=Hartman |date=July 2014}} By December 2014, the launch had been pushed back to NET 9 December 2015.{{cite web |url=http://spaceflightnow.com/launch-schedule/ |title=Launch Schedule |work=Spaceflight Now |date=28 December 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141229201431/http://spaceflightnow.com/launch-schedule/ |archive-date=29 December 2014}} Following the failure of SpaceX CRS-7 on 28 June 2015, the launch date was left open and, in September 2015, was moved to NET 21 March 2016.{{cite web |url=http://spaceflightnow.com/launch-schedule/ |title=Launch Schedule |work=Spaceflight Now |date=29 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150929155123/http://spaceflightnow.com/launch-schedule |archive-date=29 September 2015}} The flight was later pushed to 24 June, 27 June, 16 July, and finally 18 July 2016,{{cite web |url=http://spaceflightnow.com/launch-schedule/ |title=Launch Schedule |work=Spaceflight Now |date=8 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160310133848/http://spaceflightnow.com/launch-schedule/ |archive-date=10 March 2016}}{{cite web |url=http://spaceflightnow.com/launch-schedule/ |title=Launch Schedule |work=Spaceflight Now |date=6 May 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160519100417/http://spaceflightnow.com/launch-schedule/ |archive-date=19 May 2016}}{{cite web |url=http://spaceflightnow.com/launch-schedule/ |title=Launch Schedule |work=Spaceflight Now |date=23 May 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160527133612/http://spaceflightnow.com/launch-schedule/ |archive-date=27 May 2016}}{{cite web |url=http://spaceflightnow.com/launch-schedule/ |title=Launch Schedule |work=Spaceflight Now |date=23 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160627185353/http://spaceflightnow.com/launch-schedule/ |archive-date=27 June 2016}} as the crewed mission Soyuz MS-01 took the 24 June slot.

CRS-9 launched on 18 July 2016 at 04:44 UTC from Cape Canaveral SLC-40 aboard a Falcon 9 launch vehicle. After 9 minutes and 37 seconds the Dragon spacecraft successfully separated from the rocket, and deployed its solar arrays about two minutes later. The opening of its GNC door came two hours later, enabling orbital operations.

After a series or orbital maneuvers and stationkeeping at different hold points, the CRS-9 Dragon was captured by the ISS's Canadarm2 on 20 July 2016 at 10:56 UTC. After robotic operations, it was berthed some three hours later at 14:03 UTC.

In preparation for recovery, the Dragon capsule was loaded with {{convert|3410|lb|kg|order=flip|abbr=on}} of experiments and no-longer-needed equipment and, on 25 August 2016 at 21:00 UTC, it was unberthed and stowed in an overnight parking position away from the station. Dragon was released from Canadarm2 the following day at 10:11 UTC. After maneuvering away from the station, Dragon conducted a re-entry burn at 14:56 UTC and successfully landed in the Pacific Ocean at 15:47 UTC, approximately {{convert|326|mi|km|order=flip|abbr=on}} southwest of Baja California.{{cite news |url=http://www.spaceflightinsider.com/organizations/space-exploration-technologies/spacexs-crs-9-dragon-returns-earth/ |title=SpaceX's CRS-9 Dragon returns to Earth |work=Spaceflight Insider |first=Derek |last=Richardson |date=26 August 2016 |access-date=26 August 2016}}

NASA contracted for the CRS-9 mission from SpaceX and therefore determined the primary payload, date/time of launch, and orbital parameters for the Dragon space capsule.

CRS-9 carried {{convert|4975.8|lb|kg|0|order=flip}} of cargo to the International Space Station. Amongst its pressurized cargo was {{convert|2050.3|lb|kg|0|order=flip|abbr=on}} of material supporting about 250 science and research experiments, {{convert|815.7|lb|kg|0|order=flip|abbr=on}} of crew supplies, {{convert|617.3|lb|kg|0|order=flip|abbr=on}} of spacecraft hardware, {{convert|279.9|lb|kg|0|order=flip|abbr=on}} of extravehicular activity equipment, {{convert|2.2|lb|kg|0|order=flip|abbr=on}} of computer equipment, and {{convert|119.1|lb|kg|0|order=flip|abbr=on}} of Russian hardware. Its unpressurized cargo, the International Docking Adapter-2 located in Dragon's trunk, massed {{convert|1029.5|lb|kg|0|order=flip|abbr=on}}.

Some of the key experiments transported by CRS-9 to the ISS were the Biomolecule Sequencer, which performed DNA sequencing in orbit; the Phase Change Heat Exchanger, which tested temperature regulation systems for future spacecraft applications; the OsteoOmics experiment, which tested if Earth-based magnetic levitation can properly simulate microgravity conditions; and the Heart Cells experiment from Stanford University, which examined the effects of microgravity on the human heart at the cellular and molecular level using human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes.{{Cite journal|last1=Wnorowski|first1=Alexa|last2=Sharma|first2=Arun|last3=Chen|first3=Haodong|last4=Wu|first4=Haodi|last5=Shao|first5=Ning-Yi|last6=Sayed|first6=Nazish|last7=Liu|first7=Chun|last8=Countryman|first8=Stefanie|last9=Stodieck|first9=Louis S.|last10=Rubins|first10=Kathleen H.|last11=Wu|first11=Sean M.|date=2019-10-29|title=Effects of Spaceflight on Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocyte Structure and Function|journal=Stem Cell Reports|volume=13|issue=6|pages=960–969|doi=10.1016/j.stemcr.2019.10.006|issn=2213-6711|pmid=31708475|pmc=6915842}}

{{Main|Falcon 9 first-stage landing tests}}

Following stage separation, the rocket's first stage performed a boostback maneuver and landed smoothly at Landing Zone 1, Cape Canaveral, for the second time on solid ground, following Falcon 9 Flight 20 in December 2015.{{cite news |url=http://www.floridatoday.com/story/tech/science/space/spacex/2016/07/18/spacex-dragon-headed-iss-falcon9-rocket-lands-cape-canaveral-nasa/87079310/ |title=SpaceX Dragon headed to ISS; Falcon 9 lands at Cape Canaveral |work=Florida Today |first=James |last=Dean |date=18 July 2016 |access-date=30 July 2016}}

{{Gallery|CRS-9 (28291786662).jpg|CRS-9 before launch|CRS-9 (27776209943).jpg|Launch of CRS-9|CRS-9 mission (28348649546).jpg|Long exposure image of launch and landing|ISS-48 SpaceX CRS-9 in front of sparkling aurora.jpg|Dragon docked to the ISS|title=SpaceX CRS-6|align=center|footer=|style=text-align:center;|mode=packed|alt1=|alt2=|alt3=|alt4=|alt5=|alt6=|alt7=}}

• List of Falcon 9 launches

{{Reflist|30em|refs=

{{cite report |url=https://oig.nasa.gov/audits/reports/FY16/IG-16-025.pdf |title=NASA's Response to SpaceX's June 2015 Launch Failure: Impacts on Commercial Resupply of the International Space Station |publisher=NASA/Office of Inspector General |page=13 |date=28 June 2016 |access-date=18 July 2016 |id=Report No. IG-16-025}}

{{cite news |url=https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2016/07/spacex-falcon-9-crs-9-dragon-launch/ |title=CRS-9 Dragon completes journey to the Space Station |work=NASA Spaceflight |last=Graham |first=William |date=17 July 2016 |access-date=20 July 2016}}

{{cite news |url=https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2016/07/nasa-spacex-dragons-arrival-space-station/ |title=CRS-9 Dragon completes journey to the Space Station |work=NASA Spaceflight |last=Gebhardt |first=Chris |date=20 July 2016 |access-date=20 July 2016}}

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• {{Commons category-inline|SpaceX CRS-9}}
• [https://www.nasa.gov/spacex SpaceX CRS portal] at NASA.gov
• [http://www.spacex.com/dragon Dragon spacecraft page] at SpaceX.com

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