Harold Blair

Blair was born at the Barambah Aboriginal Reserve at Cherbourg, {{convert|5|km|0}} from Murgon in Queensland, on 13 September 1924.[https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/blair-harold-9520 ADB] His mother was Esther Quinn, a teenage Aboriginal woman. His surname, Blair, came from the family that had "adopted" his mother. He and his mother then went to the Salvation Army Purga Mission near Ipswich. His mother entered domestic service, leaving Harold, then aged two, at the mission, where he received an elementary education. Blair left school at age 16, gaining employment as a farm labourer.

At the age of 17, he was working as a tractor driver at the Fairymead Sugar Mill. Communist trade union organiser Harry Green{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article248638719 |title=Aborigine who's fighting his way up |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph |volume=XVI |issue=19 |location=New South Wales, Australia |date=14 April 1951 |access-date=26 December 2022 |page=13 |via=National Library of Australia}} of Ipswich heard him singing and encouraged him to make it his career. In 1944 he joined professional artists raising money for charitable and patriotic causes.{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article115490460 |title=Advertising |newspaper=Queensland Times |issue=18,005 |location=Queensland, Australia |date=12 August 1944 |access-date=27 December 2022 |page=5 |via=National Library of Australia}}

In March 1945 he entered a radio talent quest in Brisbane and attracted a record number of listeners' votes.

The Queensland state government offered sponsorship for his further musical training,{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article114631031 |title=Govt. to Employ Harold Blair and Pay for Training |newspaper=The Queensland Times |issue=18,197 |location=Queensland, Australia |date=28 March 1945 |access-date=27 December 2022 |page=1 |via=National Library of Australia}} but was not taken up.{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article76981205 |title=Aboriginal Tenor |newspaper=The Central Queensland Herald |volume=16 |issue=854 |location=Queensland, Australia |date=26 July 1945 |accessdate=29 December 2022 |page=11 |via=National Library of Australia}}

A group of trade unionists, academics and musicians formed a trust to sponsor his career.

Others credit Marjorie Lawrence for encouraging him, and an unnamed medical practitioner as a major sponsor.{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article48646885 |title=Harold Blair |newspaper=The Barrier Miner |volume=LXIV |issue=17,504 |location=New South Wales, Australia |date=9 July 1951 |access-date=26 December 2022 |page=12 |via=National Library of Australia}}

The fund was managed by a Brisbane committee, under secretary Harry Green, president Professor J. V. Duhig, and whose members included Martin Healy (secretary of the Queensland T. and L. Council) and Dr Dalley-Scarlett.{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article188753937 |title=Harold Blair May Go to London |newspaper=The Telegraph (Brisbane) |location=Queensland, Australia |date=24 October 1945 |access-date=29 December 2022 |page=5 |via=National Library of Australia}} He boarded at John and Gwen Lloyd's [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/lloyd-gwendolen-kent-gwenda-10841 (Gwenoldyn Kent Hughes)] house in Melbourne while he attended the Melba Conservatorium.

He entered the Melba Conservatorium in Melbourne in 1945 and earned a Diploma of Music with honours in 1949.[https://www.abc.net.au/tv/messagestick/stories/s1151688.htm Message Stick] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121018224026/https://www.abc.net.au/tv/messagestick/stories/s1151688.htm|date=18 October 2012}} In 1950, Blair was invited to study in the United States by the noted African-American singer Todd Duncan. Blair studied at the Juilliard School, New York. While in New York he sang in a church in Harlem,{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article52244269 |title=Australians in New York help Harold Blair |newspaper=The Australian Women's Weekly |volume=18 |issue=44 |location=Australia, Australia |date=7 April 1951 |access-date=26 December 2022 |page=19 |via=National Library of Australia}} and entered into their community life.

In 1951, the Australian Broadcasting Commission offered Blair a three-year singing contract, commencing with an extensive tour to celebrate 50 years of Federation. At least one critic disapproved of the ABC's lionizing an unproven performer,{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article244243795 |title=Music and Films |newspaper=The Herald (Melbourne) |issue=23,124 |location=Victoria, Australia |date=5 July 1951 |access-date=26 December 2022 |page=10 |via=National Library of Australia}}{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article244233996 |title=No way to aid singer |newspaper=The Herald (Melbourne) |issue=23,133 |location=Victoria, Australia |date=16 July 1951 |access-date=26 December 2022 |page=4 |via=National Library of Australia}} but Henri Penn,{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article265080158 |title=Associate Artist With Harold Blair |newspaper=Saturday Evening Express |volume=23 |issue=59 |location=Tasmania, Australia |date=12 May 1951 |access-date=26 December 2022 |page=3 |via=National Library of Australia}} his accompanist throughout the tour, was generally praised.{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article118219726 |title=Harold Blair Impresses |newspaper=Queensland Times |issue=20,358 |location=Queensland, Australia |date=13 August 1951 |access-date=26 December 2022 |page=2 (Daily) |via=National Library of Australia}}

His repertoire consisted largely of European classical pieces in their original tongue — German lieder, Italian opera, and French art songs, as well as works in English by Handel and Southern spirituals. He also introduced traditional Aboriginal songs — "Nananala Kututja" ("O God, Stay With Us Always"), "Maranoa Lullaby" (arranged by Dr. H. O. Lethbridge, of Narrandera and Arthur S. Leam of Wagga), "Jabin Jabin" and other traditional songs, but admitted he most enjoyed singing "Aba Daba Honeymoon" with his wife Dorothy.{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article226286170 |title=Harold Blair Visits Mother at Currumbin |newspaper=The South Coast Express |volume=2 |issue=49 |location=Queensland, Australia |date=10 August 1951 |access-date=26 December 2022 |page=1 |via=National Library of Australia}}

He cancelled his 41st concert in the series, at City Hall, Brisbane, due to a heavy cold{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article50234769 |title=Concert Off |newspaper=The Courier-mail |issue=4593 |location=Queensland, Australia |date=17 August 1951 |access-date=26 December 2022 |page=1 |via=National Library of Australia}} but, though suffering laryngitis, gave a good concert at Maryborough three weeks later.{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article149092201 |title=Blair Pleased Audience |newspaper=Maryborough Chronicle |issue=24,810 |location=Queensland, Australia |date=23 August 1951 |access-date=26 December 2022 |page=5 |via=National Library of Australia}} He then returned to Brisbane, but was not in good voice.{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article212195876 |title=Orchestra had hushed night |newspaper=Brisbane Telegraph |location=Queensland, Australia |date=27 August 1951 |access-date=26 December 2022 |page=10 |via=National Library of Australia}} and gave up public appearances, at least temporarily, to concentrate on studying.{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article50519453 |title=Harold Blair studying |newspaper=The Courier-mail |issue=4911 |location=Queensland, Australia |date=25 August 1952 |access-date=26 December 2022 |page=1 |via=National Library of Australia}}

Having broken the contract, he was prohibited from singing professionally for three years. Discouraged, Blair sought other work including working for a hardware store.

He expressed an interest in education and was taken on as a teacher at Ringwood Technical School. He later became a teacher at the Conservatorium in Melbourne, and served on the Aboriginal Arts Board.[http://www.whitlam.org/collection/1973/19730503_Aboriginal_Arts/ Aboriginal Arts Board, Press Statement No. 83] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050718005519/http://www.whitlam.org/collection/1973/19730503_Aboriginal_Arts/ |date=18 July 2005 }}

Coincident with the ABC's 1951 tour was the variety spectacular Out of the Dark – An Aboriginal Moomba, celebrating Victoria's 100-year jubilee, in which Blair, as well as Doug Nicholls, Bill Onus, and Georgia Lee participated. This show, directed by Irene Mitchell, toured much of country Victoria to good reviews.{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article209817937 |title=Aboriginal Stars in Centenary Show |newspaper=The Age |issue=29,998 |location=Victoria, Australia |date=21 June 1951 |access-date=26 December 2022 |page=4 |via=National Library of Australia}}

Blair continued to act for Aboriginal rights all his life. He joined the Aborigines Advancement League in its early days and later the Federal Council for the Advancement of Aborigines and Torres Strait Islanders. Watching an Aboriginal marching girls group at Moomba in 1962 led Blair to establish the Aboriginal Children's Holiday Project, and he was an early member of the Aborigines Welfare Board in Victoria. In 1963 he stood as a candidate for the Australian Labor Party for the seat of Mentone in the Victorian Parliament against Edward Meagher, the then Transport Minister and chairman of the Aboriginal Welfare Board.{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article104270217 |title=Aborigine To Be Labour Candidate |newspaper=The Canberra Times |volume=38 |issue=10,660 |location=Australian Capital Territory, Australia |date=7 October 1963 |access-date=27 December 2022 |page=1 |via=National Library of Australia}} The Canberra Times misspelled "Labor Party" several times in this article.

Blair married a fellow conservatorium singing student, Dorothy Eden,{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article49935079 |title=Blair with Bride-to-Be |newspaper=The Courier-mail |issue=3830 |location=Queensland, Australia |date=5 March 1949 |access-date=26 December 2022 |page=1 |via=National Library of Australia}} on 30 July 1949,{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article27584292 |title=Singer's Wedding |newspaper=The Sydney Morning Herald |issue=34,823 |location=New South Wales, Australia |date=1 August 1949 |access-date=26 December 2022 |page=3 |via=National Library of Australia}} and had two children, Nerida and Warren. The marriage encountered some hostility at the time, as it involved the marriage of an Aboriginal man to a European woman. He is survived by three grandchildren.

He had twin half-sisters, Joy and June Thompson (born around 1936), with whom he remained in contact.{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article145668979 |title=Meeting with sisters |newspaper=Daily Advertiser (Wagga Wagga) |location=New South Wales, Australia |date=26 September 1953 |access-date=29 December 2022 |page=1 |via=National Library of Australia}}

Blair's favourite sport was Australian rules football.{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article49689619 |title=Tenor draws big crowd at church |newspaper=The Courier-mail |issue=3926 |location=Queensland, Australia |date=27 June 1949 |accessdate=5 May 2022 |page=3 |via=National Library of Australia}}

Blair was appointed a Member of the Order of Australia (AM) in the Australia Day Honours of 1976.[https://honours.pmc.gov.au/honours/awards/869986 It's an Honour - Harold Blair]

Blair was honoured on This Is Your life, aired Apr 29, 1976

The Australian Electoral Division of Blair in Queensland, created in 1998, is named after him.

In 2012, the Melba Opera Trust established the Harold Blair Opera Scholarship, to provide young Indigenous singers with artistic development, mentoring and performance opportunities.{{cite web | first=Loretta |last=Barnard |title=Harold Blair: Aboriginal tenor, activist, educator, leader | website=Australia Explained | date=6 August 2018 | url=https://australia-explained.com.au/music/harold-blair-aboriginal-tenor-activist-educator-leader/ | access-date=8 August 2022}} The scholarship was won by Tiriki Onus in 2012{{cite web | title=2012| website=Melba Opera Trust | date=30 November 2019 | url=https://www.melbaoperatrust.com.au/timeline/2012/ | access-date=8 August 2022}}{{cite web | title=Tiriki Onus awarded Harold Blair Opera Scholarship| first= Jillian| last=Graham | website=Precinct| publisher= University of Melbourne | date=27 August 2012 | url=https://blogs.unimelb.edu.au/vcamcm-direct/2012/08/27/tiriki-onus-awarded-harold-blair-opera-scholarship/ | access-date=8 August 2022}} and 2013.{{cite web | title=Tiriki Onus Has A Chat About New Film "Ablaze" | website=3 Kool n Deadly | date=24 May 2022 | url=https://www.3knd.org.au/post/tiriki-onus-has-a-chat-about-new-film-ablaze | access-date=8 August 2022}}

In 2013, Blair was inducted into the Victorian Aboriginal Honour Roll.{{cite web | title=Harold Blair AM | website=First Peoples - State Relations| publisher= Victorian Government| date=30 September 2019 | url=http://www.firstpeoplesrelations.vic.gov.au/harold-blair-am | access-date=8 August 2022}}

He died in Melbourne's Mercy Hospital on 21 May 1976, aged 51. An obituary opined that his most enduring legacy would be his Aboriginal children's holiday project, which saw thousands of children boarding in private homes in Melbourne and Sydney during school holidays.{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article131818689 |title=Aboriginal tenor Harold Blair dies |newspaper=The Canberra Times |volume=50 |issue=14,385 |location=Australian Capital Territory, Australia |date=22 May 1976 |access-date=29 December 2022 |page=1 |via=National Library of Australia}}

Harold Blair is buried at The Purga Aboriginal Cemetery, with his grave located directly beneath the "Purga Aboriginal Cemetry Reserve" sign

{{reflist}}

• Dark Man, White World: A Portrait of Tenor Harold Blair {{ISBN|0-909091-08-0}} (1975) biography by Kenneth Harrison (Novalit Australia Pty Ltd, Cheltenham, Melbourne)

• [https://web.archive.org/web/20121018224026/https://www.abc.net.au/tv/messagestick/stories/s1151688.htm Transcript of 2004 episode] of Message Stick (ABC video documentary)
• [http://nla.gov.au/nla.ms-ms8950 Papers of Harold Blair] at the National Library of Australia
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20050512024045/http://www.greenleft.org.au/back/1995/182/182p25.htm 1995 review] by Norm Dixon of Harold, a documentary by Steve Thomas
• [https://archive.today/20121127145329/http://colsearch.nfsa.afc.gov.au/nfsa/search/summary/summary.w3p;adv=yes;group=;groupequals=;page=0;parentid=;query=Number:356022%20 |%20Number%3A357816%20|%20Number%3A362586;querytype=;resCount=10 Harold Blair at the National Film and Sound Archive]
• Listen to Harold Blair singing the [http://aso.gov.au/titles/music/maranoa-lullaby 'Maranoa Lullaby'] on [http://aso.gov.au australianscreen online]
• 'Maranoa Lullaby' was added to the National Film and Sound Archive's Sounds of Australia registry in 2007

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Category:1924 births

Category:1976 deaths

Category:Australian educators

Category:Indigenous Australian musicians

Category:Indigenous Australian politicians

Category:Members of the Order of Australia

Category:Politicians from Queensland

Category:Musicians from Queensland

Category:20th-century Australian politicians

Category:20th-century Australian male singers

Category:Australian tenors