National Library of Australia
{{Short description|National reference library in Australia}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2017}}
{{Use Australian English|date=May 2011}}
{{Infobox library
| name = National Library of Australia
| logo = File:National Library of Australia logo.svg
| logo_size = 250px
| logo_alt =
| image = National Library of Australia, ACT - perspective controlled.jpg
| image_size = 250px
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| caption =
| type = Reference library
| scope = Commonwealth of Australia
| established = {{Start date and age|df=yes|1961|March|23}}
| ref_legal_mandate = National Library Act 1960
| location = Canberra, Australian Capital Territory
| coordinates = {{coord|35|17|47|S|149|07|46|E|region:AU-ACT_type:landmark|display=title,inline}}
| num_branches =
| items_collected = {{hlist|Books|magazines|pictures|photographs|maps|sheet music|manuscripts|websites}}
| collection_size = {{Format price|6928238}} items
| criteria = Publications made available to the Australian public
| legal_deposit = Digital and hard-copy Australian published materials
| req_to_access =
| pop_served =
| members =
| budget = {{Currency|{{Format price|57800000}}|AUD}} (2015–16)
| director = Marie-Louise Ayres
| num_employees = 400 (2016)
| website = {{official URL}}
| references = {{cite web|title=NATIONAL LIBRARY ACT 1960 – NOTES|url=http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/nla1960177/notes.html|website=www.austlii.edu.au|access-date=31 July 2017}}{{cite web |url=https://www.nla.gov.au/sites/default/files/annual_report_2015-2016.pdf |title=NLA Annual Report 2015-2016 | National Library of Australia |publisher=nla.gov.au |access-date=25 July 2017}}{{cite web |title=CDP – How we collect |url=https://www.nla.gov.au/collection-development-policy/how-we-collect |website=National Library of Australia |access-date=31 July 2017 |language=en}}{{cite AHD|105470|National Library of Australia and Surrounds, Parkes Pl, Parkes, ACT, Australia|access-date=22 March 2019}}{{cite web |url=https://www.nla.gov.au/about-us/our-building |title=Our Building |website=nla.gov.au |publisher=National Library of Australia |access-date=25 July 2018}}
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{{Infobox building
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| image_caption = National Library of Australia as viewed from Lake Burley Griffin, Canberra
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| status = Built
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| architectural_style = Late Twentieth Century Stripped Classical
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| address = Parkes Place and King Edward Terrace, {{ACTcity|Parkes}}, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory
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| material = Marble, granite, bronze, slate, trachyte, and copper
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| architect = Walter Bunning
| architecture_firm = Bunning and Madden
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| other_designers = {{ubl|Leonard French (stained-glass windows)|Mathieu Matégot (Aubusson tapestries x3)|Tom Bass (copper sculpture)|Henry Moore (sculpture)}}
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{{designation list
| embed = yes
| designation1 = Commonwealth Heritage List
| designation1_offname = National Library of Australia and Surrounds, Parkes Pl, Parkes, ACT, Australia
| designation1_type = Listed place
| designation1_criteria = A., D., E., F., G., H.
| designation1_date = 22 June 2004
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| designation1_number = 105470
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File:National Library building, Kings Avenue.jpg
The National Library of Australia (NLA), formerly the Commonwealth National Library and Commonwealth Parliament Library, is the largest reference library in Australia, responsible under the terms of the National Library Act 1960 for "maintaining and developing a national collection of library material, including a comprehensive collection of library material relating to Australia and the Australian people", thus functioning as a national library. It is located in Parkes, Canberra, ACT.
Created in 1960 by the National Library Act, by the end of June 2019 its collection contained 7,717,579 items, with its manuscript material occupying {{convert|17,950|m}} of shelf space. The NLA also hosts and manages the Trove cultural heritage discovery service, which includes access to the Australian Web Archive and National edeposit (NED), a large collection of digitised newspapers, official documents, manuscripts and images, as well as born-digital material.
History and foundation
In 1901 the Commonwealth Parliament Library{{cite web | title=Commonwealth National Library (Australia) – Full record view | website=Libraries Australia Search | url=https://librariesaustralia.nla.gov.au/search/display?dbid=auth&id=36531066 | access-date=2 May 2020}} was established to serve the newly formed Federal Parliament of Australia. From its inception the Commonwealth Parliamentary Library was driven to development of a truly national collection. In 1907 the Joint Parliamentary Library Committee under the Chairmanship of the Speaker, Sir Frederick William Holder defined the objective of the Commonwealth Parliamentary Library in the following words:{{Cite web|title=History of the National Library collections until 1980 (extract from Burmester) {{!}} National Library of Australia|url=https://www.nla.gov.au/history-of-the-collections/burmester-extract|website=nla.gov.au|access-date=2020-05-02}}
The Library Committee is keeping before it the ideal of building up, for the time when Parliament shall be established in the Federal Capital, a great Public Library on the lines of the world-famed Library of Congress at Washington; such a library, indeed, as shall be worthy of the Australian Nation; the home of the literature, not of a State, or of a period, but of the world, and of all time.
From 1923, two forms of name were used concurrently: Commonwealth National Library and Commonwealth Parliament Library, to designate the national and parliamentary collections respectively.
In 1957 the Paton Committee recommended a National Library as an independent statutory body.
In 1960 the National Library of Australia was created by the National Library Act 1960,{{cite web | title=National Library Act 1960 | website=Federal Register of Legislation | date=29 April 2011 | url=https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C2011C00245 | access-date=2 May 2020}} and each library became a separate entity.
Building
File:John Gorton opening the National Library.jpg officially opening the National Library on 15 August 1968]]
The original National Library building on Kings Avenue, Canberra was designed by Edwin Hubert Henderson (1885–1939), who was Chief Architect of the Commonwealth of Australia from 1929 to 1939, and built in 1934. Originally intended to be several wings, only one wing was completed, partly because of the advent of World War II. The 1957 Paton Committee reported that the accommodation was inadequate for a National Library. The building was used for the headquarters of the Canberra Public Library Service until its demolition in 1968, when it became the site of the Edmund Barton Building.{{cite web | title=The first National Library in Canberra | website=Edwin Hubert Henderson Architect | date=27 May 2021 | url=https://ehhendersonarchitect.com/2021/05/27/the-first-national-library-in-canberra/ | access-date=24 January 2024}}
In 1963, prime minister Robert Menzies announced the near-completion of working plans for a new National Library building. The present library building was opened on 15 August 1968 by Prime Minister John Gorton.{{Citation | author1=Reid, David | author2=National Library of Australia | title=Prime Minister John Gorton addressing officials and dignitaries at the opening of the National Library of Australia, Canberra, 15 August 1968 | publication-date=1968 | publisher=National Library of Australia | url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/work/37987007 | access-date=13 August 2018 }}{{Citation | author1=National Library of Australia | author2=White, Harold Leslie | title=Publications relating to the opening of the National Library of Australia, 15th August, 1968 | publication-date=1968 | url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/work/10631207 | access-date=13 August 2018 }} The building, situated in Parkes, was designed by the architectural firm of Bunning and Madden in the Late Twentieth Century Stripped Classical style. The foyer is decorated in marble, with stained-glass windows by Leonard French and three tapestries by Mathieu Matégot.{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dN028gHIng4C&pg=PA319 |page=319 |title=The Many Lives of Kenneth Myer |author=Sue Ebury |publisher=The Miegunyah Press |year=2008 |isbn=978-0-522-85546-3}} A Tom Bass sculpture called Lintel Sculpture is installed over the entrance to the library.{{Cite web |date=2010-03-08 |title=Sculptor changed face of public art |url=https://www.smh.com.au/national/sculptor-changed-face-of-public-art-20100308-pska.html |access-date=2022-04-03 |website=The Sydney Morning Herald |language=en}}
The building was listed on the Australian Commonwealth Heritage List on 22 June 2004.
In 2004 the book A different view : the National Library of Australia and its building art was published which talked about the NLA building.{{Cite book |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/56876884 |title=A different view : the National Library of Australia and its building art. |date=2004 |publisher=National Library of Australia |isbn=0-642-10763-7 |location=Canberra, ACT, Australia |oclc=56876884}}
=Reading rooms=
The large National Library building is home to various reading rooms and collections. Usage of the reading rooms include speaking to expert staff, browsing the library's reference collection and electronic journals, ebooks, indexes, and databases. The reading rooms also provide free internet and computer use, scanning, photocopying and printing, and the request and access of collection items.{{Cite web |title=Reading Rooms |url=https://www.nla.gov.au/reading-rooms |access-date=13 July 2024 |website=National Library of Australia}} On the ground floor is the Main Reading Room — this is where the bulk of the Library's Internet access terminals are located, and where wireless internet access is available. Services are also delivered on-site from the Newspaper & Family History zone on the ground floor, the Special Collections Reading Room and the Petherick Reading Room on the 1st floor, and Asian Collections on level 3.
Collections
=Australian & General Collection=
The library collects material produced by Australians, for Australians or about the Australian experience in all formats—not just printed works—books, serials, newspapers, maps, posters, music and printed ephemera—but also online publications and unpublished material such as manuscripts, pictures and oral histories. Hazel de Berg began recording Australian writers, artists, musicians and others in the Arts community in 1957. She conducted nearly 1300 interviews. Together with the library, she was a pioneer in the field in Australia, working together for twenty-seven years.{{Cite book|title=Artists' Portraits: selected and introduced by Geoffrey Dutton|publisher=National Library of Australia|year=1992|isbn=0642105790|location=Canberra, Australian Capitol Territory|pages=1}}
A core Australiana collection is that of John A. Ferguson.{{Cite web |url=https://www.nla.gov.au/selected-library-collections/ferguson-collection |title=Ferguson Collection {{!}} National Library of Australia|website=nla.gov.au|language=en|access-date=2 February 2017}} The library's Australiana collections are the nation's most important resource of materials recording Australia's cultural heritage.{{Cite book |last=Murray |first=Stuart |title=The Library: An Illustrated History |publisher=Skyhorse Publishing |year=2009 |pages=273}} The library has particular collection strengths in the performing arts, including dance.
The library contains a considerable collection of general overseas and rare book materials, as well as world-class Asian and Pacific collections which augment the Australiana collections. The print collections are further supported by extensive microform holdings.
The library also maintains the National Reserve Braille Collection.
As a national library, the NLA is required by legal deposit provisions enshrined in the Copyright Act 1968 to collect a copy of every Australian publication in the country, which publishers must submit upon publication of the material.{{cite web | title=What is legal deposit? | website=National Library of Australia | date=17 February 2016 | url=https://www.nla.gov.au/legal-deposit/what-is-legal-deposit | access-date=3 May 2020}}{{cite web | title=Legal deposit in Australia | website=National and State Libraries Australia | date=1 June 2019 | url=https://www.nsla.org.au/legal-deposit-australasia | access-date=3 May 2020}}
At the end of the Australian financial year of 2018–19, the National Library collection comprised 7,717,579 items, and an additional {{convert|17,950|m}} of manuscript material.{{cite web | title=Collection statistics | website=National Library of Australia | url=https://www.nla.gov.au/collections/statistics | access-date=5 May 2020}} The library's collections of Australiana have developed into the nation's single most important resource of materials recording the Australian cultural heritage. Australian writers, editors and illustrators are actively sought and well represented, whether published in Australia or overseas.
The library's collection includes all formats of material, from books, journals, websites and manuscripts to pictures, photographs, maps, music, oral history recordings, manuscript papers and ephemera.{{cite web |url=http://www.nla.gov.au/our-collections |title=National Library of Australia – Our Collections |publisher=nla.gov.au |access-date=3 August 2012}} With the assistance and support of library staff from London, New York City, and Jakarta, building various collections have been possible.
Approximately 94.1% of the library's collection had been catalogued by July 2019, a total of 5,453,888 items and these are discoverable through the online catalogue.{{cite web |url=http://catalogue.nla.gov.au/ |title=Catalogue Home | National Library of Australia |publisher=nla.gov.au |access-date=12 November 2013}}
==Digital collections==
The library is a world leader in digital preservation techniques,{{cite web |url=http://www.nla.gov.au/padi |title=NLA.gov.au |publisher=NLA.gov.au |access-date=30 May 2012|archive-url=https://webarchive.nla.gov.au/awa/20110824015945/http://pandora.nla.gov.au/pan/10691/20110824-1153/www.nla.gov.au/padi/index.html|archive-date=24 August 2011}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}} and has maintained an Internet-accessible archive of selected Australian websites called the Pandora Archive since 1996. The Australian Web Archive, released in March 2019, combines records from PANDORA, the Australian Government Web Archive (AGWA), and other websites published in Australia. In the 2019 federal budget, the government allocated {{AUD|10}} million to the library, intended to be spread over four years to set up a digitisation fund.{{cite web | title=Check Out Australia's Web Archive | website=Southern Phone| date=11 April 2019 | url=https://www.southernphone.com.au/Blog/2019/April/australias-web-archive | access-date=8 May 2020}}
{{as of|June 2019}}, the library had digitised a total of 5,508,008 images.{{cite web | title=Digitisation of Library collections | website=National Library of Australia | date=30 June 2019 | url=https://www.nla.gov.au/digitisation | access-date=5 May 2020}} Where possible, these are delivered directly across the Internet.
Since a 2016 amendment to the Copyright Act, all born-digital content must also be deposited in the library (with varying provisions for state libraries as well). The NLA has since May 2019 hosted and managed the National edeposit (NED) service. Libraries ACT, Libraries Tasmania, Northern Territory Library, State Library of New South Wales, State Library of Queensland, State Library of South Australia, State Library Victoria and the State Library of Western Australia are the member organisations of the collaboration.{{cite web | title=What is National edeposit (NED)?| website=NED | url=https://ned.gov.au/resources/about.html | access-date=3 May 2020}}{{cite web | title=National Library of Australia Annual Report 2018–2019: 2.5 Strategic Priority Three: Collaborate | website=Australian Government. Transparency Portal | date=30 October 2019 | url=https://www.transparency.gov.au/annual-reports/national-library-australia/reporting-year/2018-2019-20 | access-date=5 May 2020}}
=Asian collections=
The library houses the largest and most actively developing research resource on Asia in Australia, and the largest Asian language collections in the Southern hemisphere, with over half a million volumes in the collection, as well as extensive online and electronic resources. The library collects resources about all Asian countries in Western languages extensively, and resources in the following Asian languages: Burmese, Chinese, Persian, Indonesian, Japanese, Khmer, Korean, Lao, Manchu, Mongolian, Thai, Timorese, and Vietnamese.
The library has acquired a number of important Western and Asian language scholarly collections from researchers and bibliophiles. These collections include:
{{div col}}
- Australian Buddhist Library Collection
- Braga Collection (Portuguese in Asia){{cite web |url=http://www.nla.gov.au/asian/form/braga.html |title=NLA.gov.au |publisher=NLA.gov.au |date=12 December 1984 |access-date=30 May 2012}}
- Claasz Collection (Sri Lanka){{cite web |url=http://www.nla.gov.au/asian/form/claasz.html |title=NLA.gov.au |publisher=NLA.gov.au |access-date=30 May 2012}}
- Coedes Collection (Indo-China)[http://www.nla.gov.au/selected-library-collections/georges-coedes-collection Coedès Collection], National Library of Australia
- London Missionary Society Collection (China)
- Luce Collection (Burma)
- McLaren-Human Collection (Korea){{cite web |url=http://www.nla.gov.au/asian/form/documents/McLarenguide-final17-10-wholedoc.pdf |title=NLA.gov.au |access-date=30 May 2012}}
- Otley Beyer Collection (Philippines)
- Sakakibara Collection (Japan)
- Sang Ye Collection (China)
- Simon Collection (East Asia)
- Harold S. Williams Collection (Japan)
{{div col end}}
The Asian Collections are searchable via the National library's catalogue.[http://www.nla.gov.au/what-we-collect/asian Asian collections], National Library of Australia
=Pictures and manuscripts=
File:Preserving Archipelagus Orientalis.ogv's Archipelagus Orientalis (1663) by the National Library (2013)]]
The National Library holds an extensive collection of pictures and manuscripts. The manuscript collection contains about 26 million separate items, covering in excess of 10,492 metres of shelf space (ACA Australian Archival Statistics, 1998). The collection relates predominantly to Australia, but there are also important holdings relating to Papua New Guinea, New Zealand and the Pacific. The collection also holds a number of European and Asian manuscript collections or single items have been received as part of formed book collections.
The Australian manuscript collections date from the period of maritime exploration and settlement in the 18th century until the present, with the greatest area of strength dating from the 1890s onwards. The collection includes a large number of outstanding single items, such as the 14th century Chertsey Cartulary, the journal of James Cook on HM Bark Endeavour, inscribed on the Memory of the World{{cite web |url=http://portal.unesco.org/ci/en/ev.php-URL_ID=21308&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090804195038/http://portal.unesco.org/ci/en/ev.php-URL_ID=21308&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=4 August 2009 |title=Portal.unesco.org |publisher=Portal.unesco.org |access-date=30 May 2012 }} Register in 2001, the diaries of Robert O'Hara Burke and William John Wills from the Burke and Wills expedition, and Charles Kingsford Smith's and Charles Ulm's log of the Southern Cross.
A wide range of individuals and families are represented in the collection, with special strength in the fields of politics, public administration, diplomacy, theatre, art, literature, the pastoral industry and religion. Examples are the papers of Alfred Deakin, Sir John Latham, Sir Keith Murdoch, Sir Hans Heysen, Sir John Monash, Vance Palmer and Nettie Palmer, A.D. Hope, Manning Clark, David Williamson, W.M. Hughes, Sir Robert Menzies, Sir William McMahon, Lord Casey, Geoffrey Dutton, Peter Sculthorpe, Daisy Bates, Jessie Street, and Eddie Mabo and James Cook both of whose papers were inscribed on UNESCO's Memory of the World Programme Register in 2001.{{cite web |title=The Mabo Case Manuscripts |url=http://portal.unesco.org/ci/en/ev.php-URL_ID=21311&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080919181415/http://portal.unesco.org/ci/en/ev.php-URL_ID=21311&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=19 September 2008 |date=16 May 2008 |publisher=UNESCO Memory of the World Programme |access-date=11 December 2009 }}{{cite web |title=The Endeavour Journal of James Cook |url=http://portal.unesco.org/ci/en/ev.php-URL_ID=21308&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090804195038/http://portal.unesco.org/ci/en/ev.php-URL_ID=21308&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=4 August 2009 |date=16 May 2008 |publisher=UNESCO Memory of the World Programme |access-date=11 December 2009 }}
The library has also acquired the records of many national non-governmental organisations. They include the records of the Federal Secretariats of the Liberal party, the A.L.P, the Democrats, the R.S.L., the Australian Inland Mission, the Australian Union of Students, The Australian Ballet, the Australian Elizabethan Theatre Trust, the Australian Institute of Urban Studies, Australian Industries Protection League, the Australian Conservation Foundation, and the Australian Council of National Trusts. Finally, the library holds about 37,000 reels of microfilm of manuscripts and archival records, mostly acquired overseas and predominantly of Australian and Pacific interest.
The National Library's Pictures collection focuses on Australian people, places and events, from European exploration of the South Pacific to contemporary events. Art works and photographs are acquired primarily for their informational value, and for their importance as historical documents.{{cite web |url=http://www.nla.gov.au/collection-development-policy/pictures |title=National Library of Australia – Pictures Collection Development Policy |publisher=nla.gov.au |access-date=3 August 2012}}
Media represented in the collection include photographs, drawings, watercolours, oils, lithographs, engravings, etchings and sculpture/busts.{{cite web |url=http://www.nla.gov.au/what-we-collect/pictures |title=National Library of Australia – Pictures |publisher=nla.gov.au |access-date=3 August 2012}}
=Ephemera=
The library contains a large amount of printed ephemera, collected since the early 1960s and also including older materials. These include minor publications, pamphlets, leaflets, invitations, cards, menus, junk mail, as well as larger publications, such as theatre programmes or retail trade catalogues. They are selected based on certain key criteria, such as information content, design elements, period representation, and portraiture. They are divided into various types or topics.
This group includes the Performing arts ephemera collection (PROMPT).{{cite web | title=Printed ephemera | website=National Library of Australia | url=https://www.nla.gov.au/collections/what-we-collect/printed-ephemera | access-date=24 January 2024}} Within the PROMPT collection, there are further divisions by person or topic, for instance the J.C. Williamson collection of theatre ephemera, and performers such as Dame Nellie Melba and Kylie Minogue.{{cite web | title=Performing arts ephemera collection (PROMPT) | website=National Library of Australia | date=11 April 2019 | url=https://www.nla.gov.au/research-guides/performing-arts/prompt | access-date=24 January 2024}} Since around 2017, a team of volunteers has been using the PROMPT collection to add content to the AusStage database.{{cite web | last=Daniels | first=Yole | title=The twists and turns of AusStage | website=National Library of Australia | date=13 September 2022 | url=https://www.nla.gov.au/stories/blog/twists-and-turns-ausstage | access-date=24 January 2024}} The J.C. Williamson Distributed Collection is held across six organisations: the NLA; Australian Performing Arts Collection in Melbourne; Mitchell Library in Sydney; Queensland Performing Arts Centre Museum; Scenic Studios Australia Pty Ltd; and Seaborn, Broughton & Walford Foundation Archives and Library collection.{{cite web | title=The J.C. Williamson Distributed Collection | website=Australian Memory of the World | url=http://www.amw.org.au/register/listings/jc-williamson-distributed-collection | access-date=24 January 2024}} Both AusStage and the J.C. Williamson Distributed Collection were added to the UNESCO Australian Memory of the World Register in 2021.{{cite web | title=Australian Live Performance Database (AusStage) | website=Australian Memory of the World | url=http://www.amw.org.au/register/listings/australian-live-performance-database-ausstage | access-date=24 January 2024}}
Services
The National Library of Australia provides a national leadership role in developing and managing collaborative online services with the Australian library community, making it easier for users to find and access information resources at the national level. It provides services to libraries, publishers and the general public, with membership available to residents of Australia providing access to additional services.{{cite web | title=Services | website=National Library of Australia | date=23 March 2020 | url=https://www.nla.gov.au/our-services | access-date=10 May 2020}}{{cite web | title=Using the library | website=National Library of Australia | date=23 March 2020 | url=https://www.nla.gov.au/using-the-library | access-date=10 May 2020}}
Some of the components of the services are:
- For publishers:
- Prepublication Data Service,{{Cite web|url=https://www.nla.gov.au/content/prepublication-data-service|title=Prepublication Data Service | National Library of Australia|website=www.nla.gov.au|access-date=9 August 2019}} ISSNs and ISMNs for Australian publishers.
- National edeposit (NED), to fulfill legal deposit obligations.{{cite web | title=Legal deposit | website=National Library of Australia | date=23 March 2020 | url=https://www.nla.gov.au/legal-deposit | access-date=10 May 2020}} NLA hosts and manages the service, whereby all born-digital content published in Australia, as required by legal deposit legislation under the Copyright Act 1968, is deposited remotely by the publisher, stored and made accessible to member libraries and the public.{{cite web | title=National Library of Australia Annual Report 2018–2019: 2.5 Strategic Priority Three: Collaborate | website=Australian Government. Transparency Portal | date=30 October 2019 | url=https://www.transparency.gov.au/annual-reports/national-library-australia/reporting-year/2018-2019-20 | access-date=5 May 2020}}{{cite web | title=Our work | website=National and State Libraries Australia | url=https://www.nsla.org.au/projects | access-date=3 May 2020}}{{cite web | title=National edeposit (NED) | website=National and State Libraries Australia | date=30 May 2019 | url=https://www.nsla.org.au/ned | access-date=3 May 2020}}{{cite web | title=What is National edeposit (NED)?| website=NED | url=https://ned.gov.au/resources/about.html | access-date=3 May 2020}}
- For librarians:
- The Australian National Bibliographic Database (ANBD){{cite web |url=http://www.nla.gov.au/librariesaustralia/databases.html#nbd |title=NLA.gov.au |publisher=NLA.gov.au |date=1 October 2007 |access-date=30 May 2012}} and offers free access through the Libraries Australia{{cite web |url=http://librariesaustralia.nla.gov.au/ |title=NLA.gov.au |publisher=Libraries Australia |access-date=30 May 2012}} subscription-based service. It is used for reference, collection development, cataloguing and interlibrary lending.
- National Libraries Gateway.
- Online, for the general public:
- The Australian Web Archive, which now incorporates PANDORA (established 1996), the Australian Government Web Archive (AWA) and the ".au" domain archive.
- National Library of Australia Catalogue, a catalogue of resources in NLA which are available to the general public.{{cite web |title=Services |url=http://www.nla.gov.au/our-services |website=National Library of Australia |publisher=NLA.gov.au |access-date=1 February 2016}}
- Ask a Librarian for users in need of research assistance or general information about the National Library of Australia.{{Cite web |title=Ask a Librarian |url=https://www.nla.gov.au/using-library/getting-started/ask-librarian |access-date=13 July 2024 |website=National Library of Australia}}
=Trove=
File:Trove (NLA website) logo.svg
{{main|Trove}}
The online services mentioned above, and more, are accessible via the Trove service, which was launched in 2009. Trove is an online library database aggregator, a centralised national service built with the collaboration of major libraries of Australia.{{cite news |url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2010/04/28/2885063.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100501162546/http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2010/04/28/2885063.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=1 May 2010 |title=National Library unveils web-based treasure Trove |date=28 April 2010 |newspaper=ABC News}} Trove's most well known feature is the digitised collection of Australian newspapers. Most NLA resource discovery services are now fully integrated with Trove. The service is able to locate resources about Australia and Australians, which reaches many locations otherwise unavailable to external search engines.{{cite web | last=Stainforth | first=Liz|publisher=University of Melbourne | title=Treasuring Trove: Why Australia's digital heritage platform is so special | website=Pursuit | date=26 October 2018 | url=https://pursuit.unimelb.edu.au/articles/treasuring-trove-why-australia-s-digital-heritage-platform-is-so-special | access-date=10 May 2020}}
= Publishing =
The library produces non-fiction and children's books which explore the collections. These cover subjects including History, Natural History and Art.{{Cite web|url=https://www.nla.gov.au/national-library-publishing|title=National Library of Australia Publishing|access-date=2021-05-31|website=nla.gov.au|language=en}} NLA Publishing has been a recipient of several Eve Pownall Award for Information Books.
=Membership=
Free registration with the library is allowed for all Australian residents, with cards sent to a physical address before use is allowed. Membership confers some extra benefits for users of the library, such as requesting items for use onsite in the reading rooms, and access to a select range of licensed electronic resources from offsite, such as the full text of Encyclopaedia Britannica.{{cite web | title=Get a library card | website=National Library of Australia | url=https://www.nla.gov.au/getalibrarycard/ | access-date=10 May 2020}} Electronic copies of some items are able to be ordered, and for members who can visit the library in person, inter-library loans may be obtained to use in the reading rooms.{{cite web | title=Copies and interlibrary loans for individuals | website=National Library of Australia | date=23 March 2020 | url=https://www.nla.gov.au/our-services/copies-direct | access-date=10 May 2020}}
Directors-General
File:Autumn on Lake Burley Griffin.jpg
The following individuals have been appointed as Director-General or any precedent titles:
class="wikitable sortable collapsible"
|+Directors-General of the National Library of Australia | ||||||
scope="col" | Ordinal
! scope="col" | Officeholder ! scope="col" | Title ! scope="col" | Term begin ! scope="col" | Term end ! scope="col" | Time in office ! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Notes | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
align=center|{{nts|1}} | Arthur Wadsworth | Interim Commonwealth Parliamentary Librarian | align=center|1901 | align=center|1927 | align=right|{{age in years|1901|1927}} years | |
align=center|{{nts|2}} | Kenneth Binns {{post-nominals|country=AUS|CBE}} | Commonwealth Parliamentary Librarian | align=center|1927 | align=center|1947 | align=right|{{age in years|1927|1947}} years | |
align=center|{{nts|3}} | Harold Leslie White {{post-nominals|country=AUS|CBE}} | rowspan=2| National Librarian | align=center|1947 | align=center|1970 | align=right|{{age in years|1947|1970}} years | |
align=center|{{nts|4}} | Allan Percy Fleming {{post-nominals|country=AUS|CBE}} | align=center|1970 | align=center|1974 | align=right|{{age in years|1970|1974}} years | ||
align=center|{{nts|5}} | George Chandler | rowspan="6" | Director-General | align=center|1974 | align=center|1980 | align=right|{{age in years|1974|1980}} years | |
align=center|{{nts|6}} | Harrison Bryan {{post-nominals|country=AUS|AO}} | align=center|1980 | align=center|1985 | align=right|{{age in years|1980|1985}} years | ||
align=center|{{nts|7}} | Warren Horton {{post-nominals|country=AUS|AM}} | align=center|1985 | align=center|1999 | align=right|{{age in years|1985|1999}} years | ||
align=center|{{nts|8}} | Jan Fullerton {{post-nominals|country=AUS|AO}} | align=center|1999 | align=center|2010 | align=right|{{age in years|1999|2010}} years | {{Cite web |url=http://www.nla.gov.au/history-of-the-library |title=HISTORY OF THE LIBRARY |access-date=1 April 2015 |website=National Library of Australia }}{{cite web |url=http://www.nla.gov.au/events/showevent.html?q=56599 |title=Friends Farewell Jan Fullerton |date=15 September 2010 |publisher=National Library of Australia |access-date=29 September 2010}} | |
align=center|{{nts|9}} | Anne-Marie Schwirtlich | align=center|2011 | align=center|2017 | align=right|{{age in years|2011|2017}} years | [http://www.nla.gov.au/library-council/schwirtlich Library Council Director-General and Executive Member Anne-Marie Schwirtlich], National Library of Australia {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120327220612/http://www.nla.gov.au/library-council/schwirtlich |date=27 March 2012 }} [https://web.archive.org/web/20120327220612/http://www.nla.gov.au/library-council/schwirtlich Archived] | |
align=center|{{nts|10}} | Marie-Louise Ayres | align=center|2017 | align=center|present | align=right|{{age in years|2017-03-02}} years | [http://www.nla.gov.au/library-council/mayres Director-General and Executive Member Dr Marie-Louise Ayres], National Library of Australia |
Funding problems
In 2016, with threatened funding cuts to Trove, a public campaign led to a government commitment of {{AUD|16.4}} million in December 2016, spread over four years.{{cite web | last=Stainforth | first=Liz|publisher=University of Melbourne | title=Treasuring Trove: Why Australia's digital heritage platform is so special | website=Pursuit | date=26 October 2018 | url=https://pursuit.unimelb.edu.au/articles/treasuring-trove-why-australia-s-digital-heritage-platform-is-so-special | access-date=10 May 2020}}{{cite web | last=Villiers | first=Annelie de | title=#FundTROVE | website=Identity & Archives | date=23 February 2016 | url=https://anneliedevilliers.com/2016/02/23/fundtrove/ | access-date=10 May 2020}}
By early 2020, with the surge in demand for all types of digital services, the National Library was having to cope with increasingly dwindling staff resources to develop services on Trove and National edeposit, and undertook a restructure of its staffing and operations.{{cite web |last=Rollins |first=Adrian |date=28 February 2020 |title=Job cuts a 'live possibility' in National Library of Australia restructure |url=https://www.canberratimes.com.au/story/6653043/job-cuts-a-live-possibility-in-national-library-restructure/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240531041842/https://www.canberratimes.com.au/story/6653043/job-cuts-a-live-possibility-in-national-library-restructure/ |archive-date=31 May 2024 |access-date=9 May 2020 |website=The Canberra Times}}
See also
{{stack|{{Portal|Australia|Architecture}}}}
References
{{Reflist}}
Attribution
- {{AHD-CC|id=105470|name=National Library of Australia and Surrounds, Parkes Pl, Parkes, ACT, Australia|fileno=8/01/000/0073|year=2004|accessdate=18 May 2020}}
= Bibliography =
- {{cite book |editor=Cliff, Paul |title=A different view: the National Library of Australia and its building art |publisher=National Library of Australia |date=2004 }}
- {{cite book |editor=Cochrane, Peter |title=Remarkable occurrences: the National Library of Australia's first 100 years 1901-2001 |publisher=National Library of Australia |date=2001 }}
- {{cite book |author1=Garnett, Rodney |author2=Hyndes, Danielle |title=The Heritage of the Australian Capital Territory |publisher=National Trust of Australia (ACT) |location=Canberra |year=1992 }}
- {{cite journal |author1=Rickard, S. |date=1999 |title=A Distinguished Building |journal=National Library of Australia News |publisher=National Library of Australia }}
- {{cite book |author1=Scarlett, Ken |title=Australian Architecture Since 1960 |publisher=RAIA |year=1990 }}
- {{cite book |author1=Zimmer, Jenny |title=Stained Glass in Australia |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1984 }}
External links
{{Commons|National Library of Australia}}
{{Wikidata property |1=P409}}
- [http://www.nla.gov.au/ National Library of Australia]
- [http://catalogue.nla.gov.au/ National Library of Australia Catalogue]
- [https://publishing.nla.gov.au/pages/home.do NLA Publishing]
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20040603110656/http://scaletext.law.gov.au/html/pasteact/1/761/top.htm National Library Act 1960]
- [http://www.nla.gov.au/libraries/ Australian Libraries Gateway]
- [http://www.nla.gov.au/ilrs/ Australian Interlibrary Resource Sharing Directory]
- [http://era.nla.gov.au/ Electronic Resources Australia (ERA)]
- [http://www.nla.gov.au/policy-and-planning/preservation-policy NLA Preservation Policy ]
- [http://trove.nla.gov.au/ Trove]
- [http://nla.gov.au/nla.party-593564 National Library of Australia] National Library of Australia, Trove, People and Organisation record for National Library of Australia
- [http://nla.gov.au/nla.party-630998 Commonwealth National Library (Australia)] National Library of Australia, Trove, People and Organisation record for Commonwealth National Library (Australia)
- [http://nla.gov.au/nla.party-622365 Commonwealth Parliament Library (Australia)] National Library of Australia, Trove, People and Organisation record for Commonwealth Parliament Library (Australia)
{{Canberra landmarks}}
{{Lake Burley Griffin}}
{{Authority control}}
{{AU-state-libs}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:National Library Of Australia}}
Category:1960 establishments in Australia
Category:Archives in Australia
Category:Commonwealth Government agencies of Australia
Category:Libraries in Canberra
Category:Libraries established in 1960
Category:Tourist attractions in Canberra
Category:Sound archives in Australia
Category:Art museums and galleries in Canberra
Category:Music museums in Australia
Category:Library buildings completed in 1968
Category:Commonwealth Heritage List places in the Australian Capital Territory