Harold S. Diehl

{{Infobox person

| name = Harold Sheely Diehl

| image = Harold Sheely Diehl 1935.png

|birth_date = August 4, 1891

|birth_place = Nittany, Pennsylvania, U.S.

|death_date = June 27, 1973

|death_place = Saint Paul, Minnesota, U.S.

| occupation = Physician, writer}}

Harold Sheely Diehl (August 4, 1891 – June 27, 1973) was an American physician, anti-smoking activist, public health educator and writer.

Biography

Diehl graduated in 1912 from Gettysburg College and obtained his medical degree from the University of Minnesota in 1916.[https://www.nytimes.com/1973/06/28/archives/dr-harold-diehl-of-cancer-society-researcher-who-warned-of-perils.html Dr. Harold Diehl of Cancer Society]. The New York Times. Retrieved 23 April 2020. He was director of the Student Health Service at the University of Minnesota. He became Professor of Preventive Medicine and Public Health and was appointed dean of Medical Sciences. In 1957, he joined the Cancer Society as senior vice president of research and medical affairs. He retired in 1968, but remained a consultant for the Society.

In 1938, Diehl and colleagues published results from a trial on the efficacy of vaccines for the common cold. The study has been cited as one of the first instances of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.{{cite journal|author=Waller, L. A.|year=1997|title=A note on Harold S. Diehl, randomization, and clinical trials|journal=Controlled Clinical Trials|volume=18|issue=2|pages=180–183|doi=10.1016/s0197-2456(96)00140-7|pmid=9129861}}

Diehl's Textbook of Healthful Living, first published in 1935, went through many editions. The comprehensive text of personal and public hygiene was positively reviewed in medical journals.{{cite journal|author=MacLean, D. L.|year=1936|title=Reviewed Work: Healthful Living by Harold S. Diehl|journal=Canadian Public Health Journal|volume=27|issue=2|pages=101}}{{cite journal|author=Schneider, B. Aubrey|year=1946|title=Reviewed Work: Textbook of Healthful Living. by Harold S. Diehl|journal=The Quarterly Review of Biology|volume=21|issue=1|pages=106}}{{cite journal|author=J. W. H. Smith|year=1950|title=Reviewed Work: Textbook of Healthful Living by Harold S. Diehl|journal=BIOS|volume=21|issue=3|pages=208}}

The Harold S. Diehl Award was established in 1962 to honour Diehl.[https://med.umn.edu/about/honors-awards/alumni-awards/harold-s-diehl-award "Harold S. Diehl Award"]. University of Minnesota. Retrieved 23 April 2020. He died aged 81 from heart disease at United Hospital in Saint Paul, Minnesota.

''Tobacco and Your Health''

Diehl wrote about the health risks of smoking from the 1930s.Rybak, Deborah Caulfield; Phelps, David. (1998). Smoked: The Inside Story of the Minnesota Tobacco Trial. MSP Books. p. 310. {{ISBN|978-0964190849}} He was a leading proponent of the relationship between smoking and lung cancer.

He authored Tobacco and Your Health: The Smoking Controversy in 1969. A review of the book noted that Diehl "presents a straightforward account of the scientific and medical evidence identifying tobacco as a causative agent in lung cancer, cardiovascular disease, chronic bronchitis and emphysema, and other diseases."{{cite journal|author=Friedman, Suzanne H.|year=1969|title=Reviewed Work: Tobacco and Your Health; The Smoking Controversy by Harold S. Diehl|journal=The American Journal of Nursing|volume=69|issue=9|pages=1988–1990|jstor=3454098}} In 1969, physician Luther Terry positively reviewed the book in the American Journal of Public Health and the Nation's Health, noting that "it presents the most comprehensive review available to date detailing the health consequences of this habit."{{cite journal|author=Terry, Luther L.|year=1969|title=Tobacco and Your Health: The Smoking Controversy|journal=American Journal of Public Health and the Nation's Health|volume=59|issue=11|pages=2111|doi=10.2105/AJPH.59.11.2111-a|pmc=1226778}}

Physician Walter C. Alvarez commented, "Diehl is a great humanitarian, a great teacher, a great gatherer of facts, and a fine writer of delightful prose. I don't see how anyone can question his mass of statistics."{{cite journal|author=Alvarez, Walter C.|year=1970|title=Tobacco and Your Health: The Smoking Controversy.|journal=Arch Intern Med|url=https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamainternalmedicine/article-abstract/577010|volume=126|issue=1|pages=178|doi=10.1001/archinte.1970.00310070180039}} In 1970, the book was positively reviewed in the British Medical Journal, which concluded, "cause and effect are established beyond reasonable doubt by the overwhelming weight of evidence linking cigarette smoking with serious disease... [t]his book should effectively reinforce the movement which must one day turn public opinion against the cigarette, or stimulate the development of a safe one."{{cite journal|author=Birdwood, George|year=1970|title=Reviewed Work: Tobacco And Your Health: The Smoking Controversy by Harold S. Diehl|journal=The British Medical Journal|volume=1|issue=5687|pages=40|doi=10.1136/bmj.1.5687.40-a|s2cid=72569900}}

Criticism of fad diets

Diehl criticized dietary fads such as the alkaline diet, food combining, raw foodism, strict vegetarianism and water fasting.Diehl, Harold Sheely. (1950). [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.11782/page/n119/mode/2up Elements of Healthful Living]. McGraw-Hill Book Company. pp. 110-112 Diehl suggested that most vegetarians are not really vegetarian because they consume dairy or egg products. He commented that the human digestive tract is not intended for an exclusive herbivorous diet.

Selected publications

Textbook of Healthful Living (1935, 1950)
[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.11782/page/n3/mode/2up Elements of Healthful Living] (1950)
Personal Health and Community Hygiene (with Ruth E. Boynton, 1951)
The Health of College Students (with Charles E. Shepard, 1939){{cite journal|author=Smiley, D. F.|year=1940|title=Reviewed Work: The Health of College Students by Harold S. Diehl, Charles E. Shepard|journal=The American Journal of Psychology|volume=53|issue=3|pages=481–482|doi=10.2307/1417559|jstor=1417559}}
Health and Safety for You (with Anita D. Laton, 1954){{cite journal|author=Schneider, B. Aubrey|year=1955|title=Reviewed Work: Health and Safety for You by Harold S. Diehl, Anita D. Laton|journal=The Quarterly Review of Biology|volume=30|issue=3|pages=283|doi=10.1086/400913}}
Tobacco and Your Health: The Smoking Controversy (1969)