Second Corporal Harun Thohir or Harun bin Said (birth name Tahir bin Mandar; 4 April 1943 – 17 October 1968) was an Indonesian sailor born in Bawean Island, East Java, on 4 April 1943 to Mahdar and Aswiyani,{{Cite web|url=https://jatim.sindonews.com/berita/2107/1/liontin-garuda-misteri-peninggalan-harun-yang-tak-terungkap|title = Liontin Garuda, Misteri Peninggalan Harun yang tak Terungkap}} while another source stated that he was born on 14 April 1943.{{Cite web|url=https://www.beritabawean.com/2017/08/4-fakta-harun-tahir-pahlawan-asal.html|title=4 Fakta Harun Tahir Pahlawan Asal Bawean Yang Bikin Bangga|date=15 August 2017}}

He was one of a three-member special forces team part of the Indonesian Marine Corps (the others being Usman bin Haji Muhammad Ali, alias "Janatin" and Gani bin Arup) who carried out the MacDonald House bombing in Singapore, during the Indonesia-Malaysia Confrontation, that killed three civilians. Following his capture, he was hanged for murder.

Real and false names

Although his real name was Tahir bin Mandar, during the sabotage mission in Singapore, he used a false name, "Harun bin Said".{{Cite web|url=https://www.merdeka.com/khas/bertemu-usman-dan-harun-di-layar-tancap-hikayat-usman-dan-harun-3.html|title=Bertemu Usman dan Harun di layar tancap|date=24 February 2014}} The false name of "Harun bin Said" was given by Harun's team leader Captain Paulus Subekti{{Cite web|url=https://www.merdeka.com/khas/tugas-suci-dari-subekti-hikayat-usman-dan-harun-4.html|title = Tugas suci dari Subekti|date = 24 February 2014}}

Early military career

Harun joined the Indonesian Marines in June 1964 and after five months training in Riau, he was promoted to lance corporal in 1965 and assigned to the Brahma Team I with Base II-A, in Riau, under the Supreme High Command (KOTI).{{Cite web|url=https://news.detik.com/berita/d-2494361/sebelum-gabung-kko-al-harun-gemar-berpetualang-sejak-muda|title = Sebelum Gabung KKO AL, Harun Gemar Berpetualang Sejak Muda}} The team leader was Captain Paulus Subekti

The team was tasked to carry out sabotage operations against Malaya, now Malaysia, of which Singapore was a part, during the Indonesia-Malaysia Confrontation of 1963–1965. Harun was later stationed at Sambu Island, Batam, Riau province, Indonesia, from where the team infiltrated Singapore on 7 March 1965 with 12 kilograms of explosives.

MacDonald House bombing

Usman and Harun were instructed to bomb a power station by their superiors, but they were unable to accomplish that mission since their target was tightly guarded and proceeded to find an easier target—an office building crowded with workers and the general public in Orchard Road.{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnnindonesia.com/nasional/20200110095845-20-464117/sepak-terjang-usman-dan-harun-yang-abadi-jadi-kapal-perang-ri|title = Sepak Terjang Usman dan Harun yang Abadi Jadi Kapal Perang RI}}

The team detonated a 12-kilogram high explosive, placed inside a blue traveling bag, inside the MacDonald House at 3:07 pm local time on 10 March 1965, killing three civilians, a Malay Muslim driver (Muhammad Yasin Kesit) and two Chinese women (Elizabeth Susie Choo Kay Hoi and Juliet Goh Hwee Kuang), who were office staff of a bank.

Capture and conviction

File:Harun Tohir - TMP Kalibata(1).jpg

After completing their mission, both men tried to stow away out of Singapore on a cargo ship, but were told to get off after being identified as stowaways. They then stole a boat and headed out towards Batam. However, the boat either encountered an accident or sunk, as they were later found by a traditional cargo ship at around 8.00am, floating clinging to a piece of wood. Usman and Harun were transferred to a Singapore marine police boat, on 13 March 1965,{{Cite web|url=https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2014/02/13/macdonald-house-attack-still-strikes-home-spore.html|title=MacDonald House attack still strikes home in S'pore}}{{Cite web|url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/infopedia/articles/SIP_62_2004-12-17.html|title = MacDonald House bomb explosion | Infopedia}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.merdeka.com/khas/jejak-usman-dan-harun-di-negeri-singa-hikayat-usman-dan-harun-3.html|title = Jejak Usman dan Harun di Negeri Singa|date = 24 February 2014}} where they claimed that they were a fisherman and farmer but later confessed to the bombing of the MacDonald House.{{cite web|url=https://www.todayonline.com/singapore/when-terrorists-one-country-are-national-heroes-another?singlepage=true|title=When terrorists in one country are national heroes in another|date=February 19, 2014|access-date=June 23, 2020}}

In court, both men were represented by Francis Seow, Senior Crown Counsel, who stated that they were "mercenary soldiers" and were paid S$350 (about US$280) to carry out their assignment. Usman and Harun were convicted of murder, as they had been wearing civilian clothes at the time and had targeted a civilian building, and were sentenced to death by a Singapore court on 20 October 1965. Their appeals to the Federal Court of Malaysia in Kuala Lumpur on 5 October 1966, and the Privy Council in London on 29 July 1968 were rejected.{{Cite web|url=http://www.internationalcrimesdatabase.org/Case/915/Bin-Haji-Mohamed-Ali-and-Another-v-Public-Prosecutor/|title=ICD - Bin Haji Mohamed Ali and Another v. Public Prosecutor - Asser Institute}}{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rVQoHVbUNvIC |title=Mengenal Pahlawan Indonesia |edition=Revised |last=Ajisaka |first=Arya |location=Jakarta |publisher=Kawan Pustaka |year=2008 |isbn=9789797572785 |language=id }} The two were hanged in Changi Prison, Singapore, on 17 October 1968.{{Cite book |title=Jejak-jejak pahlawan : perekat kesatuan bangsa Indonesia |last=Sudarmanto |first=J. B. |date=2007 |publisher=Gramedia Widiasarana Indonesia |isbn=9789797597160|edition=rev. 2nd |location=Jakarta |pages=162, 164 |oclc=200180907}}{{cite book|title=Singapore from Settlement to Nation Pre-1819 to 1971|publisher=Marshall Cavendish Education|location=Singapore|pages=196–197|edition=6th}}{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a53K2ngY_Y8C |title=Jejak-Jejak Pahlawan: Perekat Kesatuan Bangsa Indonesia |last=Sudarmanto |first=J. B. |location=Jakarta |publisher=Grasindo |year=2007 |isbn=9789797597160 |language=id |page=164}} Their bodies were flown back to Jakarta, and buried in the Kalibata Heroes' Cemetery, Jakarta on 20 October 1968.{{Cite web|url=https://nasional.sindonews.com/berita/833895/19/protes-singapura-dan-jasa-usman-harun|title = Protes Singapura dan jasa Usman Harun}}

National hero status

Both of them were honored as National Heroes of Indonesia by President Suharto through Presidential Decree SK Presiden RI No.050/TK/Tahun 1968, on 17 October 1968, the same day they were hanged.{{Cite book|last=Mirnawati|title=Kumpulan Pahlawan Indonesia Terlengkap|trans-title=Most Complete Collection of Indonesian Heroes|language=id|date=2012|location=Jakarta|publisher=CIF|isbn=978-979-788-343-0}}

They were posthumously promoted to their next higher rank, Usman to the rank of sergeant and Harun to corporal.

=KRI ''Usman Harun'' (359)=

In 2014, an Indonesian Navy Bung Tomo-class corvette was named after Harun and Usman, the KRI Usman Harun. The name, however, caused controversy between Indonesia and Singapore, and the Singaporean government banned the ship named from berthing there or entering Singaporean waters.{{Cite news |last=Cheney-Peters |first=Scott |date=February 19, 2014 |title=Troubled Waters: Indonesia's Growing Maritime Disputes |language=en-US |work=The Diplomat |url=https://thediplomat.com/2014/02/troubled-waters-indonesias-growing-maritime-disputes/ |access-date=2017-11-16}}{{Cite web|url=http://www.todayonline.com/singapore/singapore-naming-indonesian-warship-after-marines-would-reopen-old-wounds|title=Singapore: Naming Indonesian warship after marines would reopen old wounds|website=www.todayonline.com|access-date=2017-11-16}}{{Cite web|url=http://www.todayonline.com/singapore/indonesia-deploys-usman-harun-help-search|title=Indonesia deploys Usman Harun to help in search|website=www.todayonline.com|access-date=2017-11-16}}

=Harun Thohir Airport=

Bawean Airport, also known as Harun Thohir Airport, is located on Bawean island, Gresik regency, East Java. It was officially opened by minister of transportation Ignasius Jonan on 30 January 2016.{{Cite web|title=BANDARA HARUN THOHIR SEMAKIN TERMOTIVASI|url=https://www.majalahbandara.com/2019/12/26/bandara-harun-thohir-semakin-termotivasi/|date=2019-12-26|website=MAJALAH BANDARA|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-29}}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Cite web|title=Sejak 2018 Layanan Penerbangan Bandara Harun Thohir Bawean Berhenti, Begini Keluhan DPRD Gresik|url=https://surabaya.tribunnews.com/2019/03/11/sejak-2018-layanan-penerbangan-bandara-harun-thohir-bawean-berhenti-begini-keluhan-dprd-gresik|website=Surya|language=id-ID|access-date=2020-05-29}}{{Cite web|title=Bawean Airport - IndonesiaAirport.com|url=http://indonesiaairport.com/provinces/java/bawean_airport.htm|website=indonesiaairport.com|access-date=2020-05-29}}