Hasbani River

{{Short description|River flowing from Lebanon to Israel}}

{{Infobox river

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| image_caption = Hazbani river in northern Israel

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| source1 = Wazzani in Lebanon

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| mouth = Jordan River

| mouth_location = Sde Nehemia kibbutz in northern Israel

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The Hasbani ({{langx|ar|الحاصباني}} / ALA-LC: al-Ḥāṣbānī; {{langx|he|חצבני}} Ḥatzbaní) or Snir Stream ({{langx|he|נחל שניר}} / Nahal Sənir), is the major tributary of the Jordan River that flows in Lebanon, the Golan Heights and Israel. In the mid-19th century, what the Westerners would call 'Upper Jordan River', the locals called Nahr Hasbani, Arabic for Hasbani River.{{cite book|last=Velde, van de |first=C.W.M.|author-link=Charles William Meredith van de Velde |title=Narrative of a journey through Syria and Palestine in 1851 and 1852|url=https://archive.org/details/narrativeajourn00veldgoog |volume=1 |year=1854|publisher=William Blackwood and son |page=[https://archive.org/details/narrativeajourn00veldgoog/page/n197/mode/2up 168] }}

The Hasbani River derives most of its discharge from two springs in Lebanon,FAO (Water Resources section) {{cite web |url=http://www.fao.org/nr/water/aquastat/countries/lebanon/index.stm |title=AQUASTAT - FAO's Information System on Water and Agriculture |access-date=2011-04-26 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080409054730/http://www.fao.org/nr/water/aquastat/countries/lebanon/index.stm |archive-date=2008-04-09 }} "Overall, there are about 40 major streams in Lebanon and, based on the hydrographic system, the country can be divided into five regions: ... [including] the Hasbani river basin in the south-east."UNU The Jordan River [http://www.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/80858e/80858E06.htm] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101202062018/http://www.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/80858e/80858E06.htm|date=2010-12-02}} "The Dan spring, the largest of the sources of the upper Jordan, lies wholly within Israel close to the border with Syria. The spring sources of the Hasbani River lie entirely within Lebanon. The spring source of the Banias River is in Syria. These three small streams unite 6 km inside Israel at about 70 m above sea level to form the upper Jordan River." the Wazzani and the Haqzbieh, the latter being a group of springs on the uppermost Hasbani.UNU The Jordan River [http://www.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/80858e/80858E06.htm] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101202062018/http://www.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/80858e/80858E06.htm|date=2010-12-02}} The Hasbani runs for {{convert|25|mi|abbr=on}} through the Wadi al-Taym in Lebanon before crossing the border at Ghajar and shortly after joining with the Banias and Dan Rivers at a point in northern Israel, to form the River Jordan.MERIP Heightened Israeli-Lebanese Tensions Over Jordan's Headwaters [http://www.merip.org/mero/mero093002.html] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161229135701/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MERIP|date=2016-12-29}} For about {{convert|4|km|abbr=on}} downstream of Ghajar, the Hasbani forms the border between Lebanon and the Golan Heights.

The Wazzani's and the Haqzbieh's combined discharge averages 138 million m³ per year.{{Cite web |url=http://www.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/80858e/80858E06.htm |title=Managing water for peace in the Middle East |access-date=2008-11-02 |archive-date=2010-12-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101202062018/http://www.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/80858e/80858E06.htm |url-status=dead }} About 20% of the Hasbani flowLebanon (FAOWater Resources section){{cite web |url=http://www.fao.org/nr/water/aquastat/countries/lebanon/index.stm |title=AQUASTAT - FAO's Information System on Water and Agriculture |access-date=2011-04-26 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080409054730/http://www.fao.org/nr/water/aquastat/countries/lebanon/index.stm |archive-date=2008-04-09 }} "Lebanon being at a higher elevation than its neighbours has practically no incoming surface water flow…. Surface water flow to Israel is estimated at 160 million m³/year, of which about 138 million m³ through the Hasbani river including a contribution of 30 million m³ from its tributary, the Wazzani spring." emerges from the Wazzani Spring at Ghajar, close to the Lebanese-Golan Heights border, about {{convert|3|km|abbr=on}} west of the base of Mount Hermon. The contribution of the Wazzani spring is very important to the river, since this is the only continuous year-round flow into the Hasbani, in either Lebanon or Israel.MERIP Heightened Israeli-Lebanese Tensions Over Jordan's Headwaters

[http://www.merip.org/mero/mero093002.html] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161229135701/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MERIP|date=2016-12-29}} "In the hot summer months, the Wazzani springs are the only source of flowing water in the Hasbani. Upstream from the Wazzani, the river is dry."