Hash (food)

File:Texas Hash.JPG hash with cornbread and green beans]]

"Hash" of many forms was part of the American diet since at least the 18th century, as is attested by the availability of numerous recipes and the existence of many "hash houses" named after the dish.{{cite book|last1=Hess|first1=Mrs. Glasse ; in facsimile, with historical notes by Karen|title=The art of cookery made plain and easy|date=1998|publisher=Applewood Books|location=Bedford, Mass.|isbn=1-55709-462-4|pages=63, 73, 79}}{{cite news|url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/1988/12/25/the-king-of-the-concoctions/|title=The King of the Concoctions|access-date=April 7, 2012|work=Chicago Tribune|date=1988-12-25|archive-date=2015-04-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402114002/http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1988-12-25/features/8802270412_1_hash-roast-beef-christmas-feast|url-status=live}} William Rice, Chicago Tribune In the United States, September 27 is "National Corned Beef Hash Day".{{cite news | url=http://eatocracy.cnn.com/2011/09/27/breakfast-buffet-national-corned-beef-hash-day/ | work=CNN | title=Breakfast buffet: National corned beef hash day | date=2011-09-27 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110929041330/http://eatocracy.cnn.com/2011/09/27/breakfast-buffet-national-corned-beef-hash-day/ | archive-date=2011-09-29 }}

Classic American corned beef hash originated in the New England region of the United States as a way to use up the remainders from a traditional boiled dinner of beef, cabbage, potatoes, and onions. A red flannel hash is made with the addition of beets. Fish hash, including salt cod hash, has been observed in historical New England cuisine.

Corned beef and cabbage dinners are an Irish-American tradition from the 1800s that are now commonly held across the United States on St. Patrick's Day. Corned beef hash is also commonly served on St. Patrick's Day, as well as around American Thanksgiving and Christmas.{{Cite web|url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1988-12-25-8802270412-story.html|title=THE KING OF THE CONCOCTIONS|last=columnist|first=Text by William Rice, SUNDAY`s food and wine|website=chicagotribune.com|date=25 December 1988|language=en-US|access-date=2019-09-12|archive-date=2018-10-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181019175331/http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1988-12-25-8802270412-story.html|url-status=live}}

In the Midwest it was common to bind a hash together with a white sauce thickened with flour.

Alternatively, in the southern United States, the term hash may refer to two dishes:

• A Southern traditional stew of pork and offal served over rice.{{Cite web |last=Gaines |first=Patrice |date=2023-06-19 |title=Hash: The delicious barbecue dish that's a South Carolina secret |url=https://www.cnn.com/travel/hash-barbecue-south-carolina/index.html |access-date=2023-07-17 |website=CNN |language=en |archive-date=2023-07-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230716193210/https://www.cnn.com/travel/hash-barbecue-south-carolina/index.html |url-status=live }}
• In Texas, a thick stew made up of pork, chicken and beef, traditionally seasoned with salt and pepper and other spices, is reduced overnight over an open flame in an iron washpot or hashpot.

As early as the 14th century, English people were making hache or hachy. According to cookbook author Steven Raichlen, "The English diarist Samuel Pepys waxed grandiloquent about a rabbit hash he savored in 1662".

An 18th century recipe for "excellent hash" was made by preparing a seasoned roux with herbs and onion, cayenne, mace and nutmeg, then adding to it broth or gravy and stirring in mushroom ketchup. In this sauce the cold beef would be simmered over gentle heat. Simpler recipes would omit some of the fancier ingredients like mushroom ketchup and add filling root vegetables like carrots and boiled potatoes.{{cite book |last=Acton |first=Eliza |title=Modern Cookery for Private Families}}

"Norman hash" was a dish of gravy and onions served over slices of leftover roast beef.{{cite book |last=Acton |first=Eliza |title=Modern Cookery for Private Families}}

Hash in Denmark, known in Danish as {{Lang|da|biksemad}} (roughly translated, 'tossed together food'), is a traditional dish usually made with remainders from pork, potato, and onion, and served with a fried egg, Worcestershire sauce, pickled red beet slices, and ketchup or Bearnaise sauce. The coarsely-diced ingredients, rather than being mashed into a paste, are readily discernible in their cooked form. A beef variant is known as "Royal hash", and a Southern Jutland regional dish including cream and served over pommes frites as "King Frederik's favorite".

In Sweden, there is a version of hash called {{Lang|sv|pyttipanna}}{{cite book

| last = Harding

| first = Paul

|author2=Mark Elliott |author3=Steve Kokker |author4=Tom Masters

| title = Scandinavian Europe

| publisher = Lonely Planet

| year = 2007

| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=wM-EG6R03DsC

| isbn = 978-1-74104-553-6}} ('small-pieces-in-pan') and in Finland, {{Lang|fi|pyttipannu}} and Norway, {{Lang|no|pyttipanne}}. It is similar to the Danish version. The Swedish variety {{Lang|sv|Pytt Bellman}} calls specifically for beef instead of other meats and adding cream to the hash. It is named after Sweden's 18th century national poet Carl Michael Bellman.

In Austria and perhaps more specifically Tyrol, there exists a similar dish called {{Lang|de-at|Gröstl}}, usually consisting of chopped leftover meats (often being pork sausage), potato and onions fried with herbs (typically marjoram and parsley) and then served topped with a fried egg.

In Slovenia, it is called {{Lang|sl|haše}} and very often used as a spaghetti sauce. It is made out of minced pork and veal meat, potato sauce, onion, garlic, flour and spices.

In Spanish, Portuguese and Latin American cuisines, there is a similar dish called {{Lang|es|picadillo}} (Spanish) or {{Lang|pt|carne moída}} (Portuguese). It is made with ground meat (usually beef), tomatoes (tomato sauce may be used as a substitute), vegetables and spices[http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/picadillo Picadillo | Define Picadillo at Dictionary.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110211233409/http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/picadillo? |date=2011-02-11 }}. Dictionary.reference.com. Retrieved on 2011-04-09. that vary by region (the Portuguese and Brazilian version is generally {{Lang|pt|carne moída refogada}}, very heavy on garlic, in the form of an aioli {{Lang|es|sofrito}} called {{Lang|pt|refogado}}, and often also heavy on onion and bell peppers). It is often served with rice (it can be fried in aioli {{Lang|es|sofrito}} if those who will eat have a strong fondness for garlic), as well as okra, in the form of {{Lang|pt|quiabo refogado}}—okra fried in an aioli {{Lang|es|sofrito}}, just as the hash itself and the collard greens used in feijoada—in Brazil, there constituting a staple) or used as a filling in dishes such as tacos, tostadas, or as a regular breakfast hash with eggs and tortillas (not in Brazil and Portugal). In Brazil and Portugal, it is used as bolognese sauce for pasta, and also used as a filling for pancake rolls, pastel (Brazilian pastry empanada), empadão and others (not with okra as it is far too perishable to be used in a fill for fast food and its consumption together with wheat flour-based foods often does not fit cultural tastes). The name comes from the West Iberian (Spanish, Leonese and Portuguese) infinitive verb {{Lang|es|picar}}, which means 'to mince' or 'to chop'.

In the Philippines, hash is similar to that of Spanish and American versions. Commonly called {{Lang|es|carne norte con patatas}}, it is known as breakfast fare for it includes corned beef, onions, and potatoes. Another variant, called pork {{Lang|fil|giniling}} ({{Lang|fil|giniling}} meaning 'ground') or {{Lang|fil|giniling na baboy}} is similar to {{Lang|es|picadillo}}, and includes carrots, potatoes, and hard boiled egg in tomato sauce.

In Germany, {{Lang|de|Labskaus}} is made with beef or corned beef minced with onions and boiled potatoes and fried in lard. Beetroot and herring may be added, or served as a side dish.[http://germanfood.about.com/od/hamburg/r/Labskaus.htm] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161118195301/http://germanfood.about.com/od/hamburg/r/Labskaus.htm|date=2016-11-18}}, Recipe for labskaus at About.com

{{Portal|Food}}

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• Bubble and squeak
• Hayashi rice
• Labskaus
• Lobby
• Stamppot
• Hashbrowns
• List of meat and potato dishes

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{{Reflist|2}}

{{Commons category|Hash (food)}}

{{Cookbook|Lancashire Corned Beef Hash}}

• [https://archive.org/stream/Household_Cyclopedia#page/n339/mode/2up/search/hashed 'Hashed Beef, Plain' at The Household Cyclopedia] – A recipe for hashed beef from an 1800s cookbook
• [http://www.recipezaar.com/27070 Scandinavian Hash (Biksemad) recipe] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020509220541/http://www.recipezaar.com/27070 |date=2002-05-09 }}
• [http://bbq.about.com/od/miscellaneousrecipes/r/bln0329a.htm BBQ Hash Recipe at about.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716065314/http://bbq.about.com/od/miscellaneousrecipes/r/bln0329a.htm |date=2011-07-16 }} – Recipe for BBQ Hash and Rice
• [https://archive.org/stream/mrsowenscookbook00chicrich#page/102/mode/2up/search/hash Hash] – Chapter full of hash recipes from Mrs. Owens' Cook Book (1903)

Category:British cuisine

Category:Austrian cuisine

Category:Slovenian cuisine

Category:Danish cuisine

Category:Filipino cuisine

Category:Ground meat

Category:Canned meat

Category:American breakfast foods

Category:Meat and potatoes dishes

Category:Cabbage dishes

Category:New England cuisine