Heat capacities of the elements (data page)
{{Short description|Chemical data page}}
{{main|Heat capacity}}
Specific heat capacity
class="wikitable"
! !! J/(mol·K) !! J/(g·K) | ||
colspan="3" | 1 H hydrogen (H2, gas) | ||
---|---|---|
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 28.836 | 14.304 |
CRC | 28.836 | 14.304 |
WEL | 28.82 | |
LNG | 28.84 | |
colspan="3" | 2 He helium (gas) | ||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 20.786 | 5.193 |
CRC | 20.786 | 5.193 |
WEL | 20.786 | |
LNG | 20.786 | |
colspan="3" | 3 Li lithium | ||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 24.860 | 3.582 |
CRC | 24.860 | 3.582 |
WEL | 24.8 | |
LNG | 24.8 | |
colspan="3" | 4 Be beryllium | ||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 16.443 | 1.825 |
CRC | 16.443 | 1.825 |
WEL | 16.4 | |
LNG | 16.38 | |
colspan="3" | 5 B boron (rhombic) | ||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 11.087 | 1.026 |
CRC | 11.087 | 1.026 |
WEL | 11.1 | |
LNG | 11.1 | |
colspan="3" | 6 C carbon (graphite) | ||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 8.517 | 0.709 |
CRC | 8.517 | 0.709 |
WEL | 8.53 | |
LNG | 8.517 | |
colspan="3" | 6 C carbon (diamond, nonstd state) | ||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 6.115 | 0.509 |
WEL | 6.115 | |
LNG | 6.116 | |
colspan="3" | 7 N nitrogen (N2, gas) | ||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 29.124 | 1.040 |
CRC | 29.124 | 1.040 |
WEL | 29.12 | |
LNG | 29.124 | |
colspan="3" | 8 O oxygen (O2, gas) | ||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 29.378 | 0.918 |
CRC | 29.378 | 0.918 |
WEL | 29.4 | |
LNG | 29.4 | |
colspan="3" | 9 F fluorine (F2, gas) | ||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 31.304 | 0.824 |
CRC | 31.304 | 0.824 |
WEL | 31.3 | |
LNG | 31.30 | |
colspan="3" | 10 Ne neon (gas) | ||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 20.786 | 1.030 |
CRC | 20.786 | 1.030 |
WEL | 20.786 | |
LNG | 20.786 | |
colspan="3" | 11 Na sodium | ||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 28.230 | 1.228 |
CRC | 28.230 | 1.228 |
WEL | 28.2 | |
LNG | 28.15 | |
colspan="3" | 12 Mg magnesium | ||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 24.869 | 1.023 |
CRC | 24.869 | 1.023 |
WEL | 24.9 | |
LNG | 24.87 | |
colspan="3" | 13 Al aluminium | ||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 24.200 | 0.897 |
CRC | 24.200 | 0.897 |
WEL | 24.4 | |
LNG | 24.4 | |
colspan="3" | 14 Si silicon | ||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 19.789 | 0.705 |
CRC | 19.789 | 0.705 |
WEL | 20.0 | |
LNG | 20.00 | |
colspan="3" | 15 P phosphorus (white) | ||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 23.824 | 0.769 |
CRC | 23.824 | 0.769 |
WEL | 23.84 | |
LNG | 23.83 | |
colspan="3" | 15 P phosphorus (red, nonstd state) | ||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 21.19 | 0.684 |
WEL | 21.2 | |
LNG | 21.19 | |
colspan="3" | 16 S sulfur (rhombic) | ||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 22.75 | 0.710 |
CRC | 22.75 | 0.710 |
WEL | 22.6 | |
LNG | 22.60 | |
colspan="3" | 16 S sulfur (monoclinic, nonstd state) | ||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 23.23 | 0.724 |
LNG | 23.23 | |
colspan="3" | 17 Cl chlorine (Cl2 gas) | ||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 33.949 | 0.479 |
CRC | 33.949 | 0.479 |
WEL | 33.91 | |
LNG | 33.95 | |
colspan="3" | 18 Ar argon (gas) | ||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 20.786 | 0.520 |
CRC | 20.786 | 0.520 |
WEL | 20.786 | |
LNG | 20.79 | |
colspan="3" | 19 K potassium | ||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 29.600 | 0.757 |
CRC | 29.600 | 0.757 |
WEL | 29.6 | |
LNG | 29.60 | |
colspan="3" | 20 Ca calcium | ||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 25.929 | 0.647 |
CRC | 25.929 | 0.647 |
WEL | 25.3 | |
LNG | 25.9 | |
colspan="3" | 21 Sc scandium | ||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 25.52 | 0.568 |
CRC | 25.52 | 0.568 |
WEL | 25.5 | |
LNG | 25.52 | |
colspan="3" | 22 Ti titanium | ||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 25.060 | 0.523 |
CRC | 25.060 | 0.523 |
WEL | 25.0 | |
LNG | 25.0 | |
colspan="3" | 23 V vanadium | ||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 24.89 | 0.489 |
CRC | 24.89 | 0.489 |
WEL | 24.9 | |
LNG | 24.90 | |
colspan="3" | 24 Cr chromium | ||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 23.35 | 0.449 |
CRC | 23.35 | 0.449 |
WEL | 23.3 | |
LNG | 23.43 | |
colspan="3" | 25 Mn manganese | ||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 26.32 | 0.479 |
CRC | 26.32 | 0.479 |
WEL | 26.3 | |
LNG | 26.30 | |
colspan="3" | 26 Fe iron (alpha) | ||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 25.10 | 0.449 |
CRC | 25.10 | 0.449 |
WEL | 25.1 | |
LNG | 25.09 | |
colspan="3" | 27 Co cobalt | ||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 24.81 | 0.421 |
CRC | 24.81 | 0.421 |
WEL | 24.8 | |
LNG | 24.8 | |
colspan="3" | 28 Ni nickel | ||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 26.07 | 0.444 |
CRC | 26.07 | 0.444 |
WEL | 26.1 | |
LNG | 26.1 | |
colspan="3" | 29 Cu copper | ||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 24.440 | 0.385 |
CRC | 24.440 | 0.385 |
WEL | 24.43 | |
LNG | 24.44 | |
colspan="3" | 30 Zn zinc | ||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 25.390 | 0.388 |
CRC | 25.390 | 0.388 |
WEL | 25.4 | |
LNG | 25.40 | |
colspan="3" | 31 Ga gallium | ||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 25.86 | 0.371 |
CRC | 25.86 | 0.371 |
WEL | 25.9 | |
LNG | 26.06 | |
colspan="3" | 32 Ge germanium | ||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 23.222 | 0.320 |
CRC | 23.222 | 0.320 |
WEL | 23.35 | |
LNG | 23.3 | |
colspan="3" | 33 As arsenic (alpha, gray) | ||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 24.64 | 0.329 |
CRC | 24.64 | 0.329 |
WEL | 24.6 | |
LNG | 24.64 | |
colspan="3" | 34 Se selenium (hexagonal) | ||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 25.363 | 0.321 |
CRC | 25.363 | 0.321 |
WEL | 25.36 | |
LNG | 24.98 | |
colspan="3" | 35 Br bromine | ||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | (Br2) 75.69 | 0.474 |
CRC | 36.057 | 0.226 |
WEL | (liquid) 75.69 | |
WEL | (Br2, gas, nonstd state) 36.0 | |
LNG | (Br2, liquid) 75.67 | |
colspan="3" | 36 Kr krypton (gas) | ||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 20.786 | 0.248 |
CRC | 20.786 | 0.248 |
WEL | 20.786 | |
LNG | 20.786 | |
colspan="3" | 37 Rb rubidium | ||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 31.060 | 0.363 |
CRC | 31.060 | 0.363 |
WEL | 31.1 | |
LNG | 31.06 | |
colspan="3" | 38 Sr strontium | ||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 26.4 | 0.301 |
CRC | 26.4 | 0.301 |
WEL | 26 | |
LNG | 26.79 | |
colspan="3" | 39 Y yttrium | ||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 26.53 | 0.298 |
CRC | 26.53 | 0.298 |
WEL | 26.5 | |
LNG | 26.51 | |
colspan="3" | 40 Zr zirconium | ||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 25.36 | 0.278 |
CRC | 25.36 | 0.278 |
WEL | 25.4 | |
LNG | 25.40 | |
colspan="3" | 41 Nb niobium | ||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 24.60 | 0.265 |
CRC | 24.60 | 0.265 |
WEL | 24.6 | |
LNG | 24.67 | |
colspan="3" | 42 Mo molybdenum | ||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 24.06 | 0.251 |
CRC | 24.06 | 0.251 |
WEL | 24.1 | |
LNG | 24.13 | |
colspan="3" | 43 Tc technetium | ||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 24.27 | |
LNG | 24.27 | |
colspan="3" | 44 Ru ruthenium | ||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 24.06 | 0.238 |
CRC | 24.06 | 0.238 |
WEL | 24.1 | |
LNG | 24.1 | |
colspan="3" | 45 Rh rhodium | ||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 24.98 | 0.243 |
CRC | 24.98 | 0.243 |
WEL | 25.0 | |
LNG | 24.98 | |
colspan="3" | 46 Pd palladium | ||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 25.98 | 0.244 |
CRC | 25.98 | 0.246 [sic] |
WEL | 26.0 | |
LNG | 25.94 | |
colspan="3" | 47 Ag silver | ||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 25.350 | 0.235 |
CRC | 25.350 | 0.235 |
WEL | 25.4 | |
LNG | 25.4 | |
colspan="3" | 48 Cd cadmium | ||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 26.020 | 0.232 |
CRC | 26.020 | 0.232 |
WEL | 26.0 | |
LNG | 25.9 | |
colspan="3" | 49 In indium | ||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 26.74 | 0.233 |
CRC | 26.74 | 0.233 |
WEL | 26.7 | |
LNG | 26.7 | |
colspan="3" | 50 Sn tin (white) | ||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 27.112 | 0.228 |
CRC | 27.112 | 0.228 |
WEL | 27.0 | |
LNG | 26.99 | |
colspan="3" | 50 Sn tin (gray, nonstd state) | ||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 25.77 | 0.217 |
WEL | 25.8 | |
LNG | 25.77 | |
colspan="3" | 51 Sb antimony | ||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 25.23 | 0.207 |
CRC | 25.23 | 0.207 |
WEL | 25.2 | |
LNG | 25.2 | |
colspan="3" | 52 Te tellurium | ||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 25.73 | 0.202 |
CRC | 25.73 | 0.202 |
WEL | 25.7 | |
LNG | 25.70 | |
colspan="3" | 53 I iodine | ||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | (I2) 54.44 | 0.214 |
CRC | 36.888 | 0.145 |
WEL | (solid) 54.44 | |
WEL | (I2, gas, nonstd state) 36.9 | |
LNG | (I2, solid) 54.44 | |
LNG | (I2, gas, nonstd state) 36.86 | |
colspan="3" | 54 Xe xenon (gas) | ||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 20.786 | 0.158 |
CRC | 20.786 | 0.158 |
WEL | 20.786 | |
LNG | 20.786 | |
colspan="3" | 55 Cs caesium | ||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 32.210 | 0.242 |
CRC | 32.210 | 0.242 |
WEL | 32.2 | |
LNG | 32.20 | |
colspan="3" | 56 Ba barium | ||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 28.07 | 0.204 |
CRC | 28.07 | 0.204 |
WEL | 28.1 | |
LNG | 28.10 | |
colspan="3" | 57 La lanthanum | ||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 27.11 | 0.195 |
CRC | 27.11 | 0.195 |
WEL | 27.1 | |
LNG | 27.11 | |
colspan="3" | 58 Ce cerium (gamma, fcc) | ||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 26.94 | 0.192 |
CRC | 26.94 | 0.192 |
WEL | 26.9 | |
LNG | 26.9 | |
colspan="3" | 59 Pr praseodymium | ||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 27.20 | 0.193 |
CRC | 27.20 | 0.193 |
WEL | 27.2 | |
LNG | 27.20 | |
colspan="3" | 60 Nd neodymium | ||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 27.45 | 0.190 |
CRC | 27.45 | 0.190 |
WEL | 27.4 | |
LNG | 27.5 | |
colspan="3" | 62 Sm samarium | ||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 29.54 | 0.197 |
CRC | 29.54 | 0.197 |
WEL | 29.5 | |
LNG | 29.54 | |
colspan="3" | 63 Eu europium | ||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 27.66 | 0.182 |
CRC | 27.66 | 0.182 |
WEL | 27.7 | |
LNG | 27.66 | |
colspan="3" | 64 Gd gadolinium | ||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 37.03 | 0.236 |
CRC | 37.03 | 0.236 |
WEL | 37.0 | |
LNG | 37.03 | |
colspan="3" | 65 Tb terbium | ||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 28.91 | 0.182 |
CRC | 28.91 | 0.182 |
WEL | 28.9 | |
LNG | 28.91 | |
colspan="3" | 66 Dy dysprosium | ||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 27.7 | 0.170 |
CRC | 27.7 | 0.170 |
WEL | 27.2 | |
LNG | 27.7 | |
colspan="3" | 67 Ho holmium | ||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 27.15 | 0.165 |
CRC | 27.15 | 0.165 |
WEL | 27.2 | |
LNG | 27.15 | |
colspan="3" | 68 Er erbium | ||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 28.12 | 0.168 |
CRC | 28.12 | 0.168 |
WEL | 28.1 | |
LNG | 28.12 | |
colspan="3" | 69 Tm thulium | ||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 27.03 | 0.160 |
CRC | 27.03 | 0.160 |
WEL | 27.0 | |
LNG | 27.03 | |
colspan="3" | 70 Yb ytterbium | ||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 26.74 | 0.155 |
CRC | 26.74 | 0.155 |
WEL | 26.7 | |
LNG | 26.74 | |
colspan="3" | 71 Lu lutetium | ||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 26.86 | 0.154 |
CRC | 26.86 | 0.154 |
WEL | 26.9 | |
LNG | 26.86 | |
colspan="3" | 72 Hf hafnium (hexagonal) | ||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 25.73 | 0.144 |
CRC | 25.73 | 0.144 |
WEL | 25.7 | |
LNG | 25.69 | |
colspan="3" | 73 Ta tantalum | ||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 25.36 | 0.140 |
CRC | 25.36 | 0.140 |
WEL | 25.4 | |
LNG | 25.40 | |
colspan="3" | 74 W tungsten | ||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 24.27 | 0.132 |
CRC | 24.27 | 0.132 |
WEL | 24.3 | |
LNG | 24.3 | |
colspan="3" | 75 Re rhenium | ||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 25.48 | 0.137 |
CRC | 25.48 | 0.137 |
WEL | 25.5 | |
LNG | 25.5 | |
colspan="3" | 76 Os osmium | ||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 24.7 | 0.130 |
CRC | 24.7 | 0.130 |
WEL | 25 | |
LNG | 24.7 | |
colspan="3" | 77 Ir iridium | ||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 25.10 | 0.131 |
CRC | 25.10 | 0.131 |
WEL | 25.1 | |
LNG | 25.06 | |
colspan="3" | 78 Pt platinum | ||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 25.86 | 0.133 |
CRC | 25.86 | 0.133 |
WEL | 25.9 | |
colspan="3" | 79 Au gold | ||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 25.418 | 0.129 |
CRC | 25.418 | 0.129 |
WEL | 25.42 | |
LNG | 25.36 | |
colspan="3" | 80 Hg mercury (liquid) | ||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 27.983 | 0.140 |
CRC | 27.983 | 0.140 |
WEL | 27.98 | |
LNG | 28.00 | |
colspan="3" | 81 Tl thallium | ||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 26.32 | 0.129 |
CRC | 26.32 | 0.129 |
WEL | 26.3 | |
LNG | 26.32 | |
colspan="3" | 82 Pb lead | ||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 26.650 | 0.129 |
CRC | 26.650 | 0.129 |
WEL | 26.4 | |
LNG | 26.84 | |
colspan="3" | 83 Bi bismuth | ||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 25.52 | 0.122 |
CRC | 25.52 | 0.122 |
WEL | 25.5 | |
LNG | 25.5 | |
colspan="3" | 84 Po polonium | ||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 26.4 | |
LNG | 26.4 | |
colspan="3" | 86 Rn radon (gas) | ||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 20.786 | 0.094 |
CRC | 20.786 | 0.094 |
WEL | 20.79 | |
LNG | 20.79 | |
colspan="3" | 87 Fr francium | ||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 31.80 | |
LNG | 31.80 | |
colspan="3" | 89 Ac actinium | ||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 27.2 | 0.120 |
CRC | 27.2 | 0.120 |
WEL | 27.2 | |
LNG | 27.2 | |
colspan="3" | 90 Th thorium | ||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 26.230 | 0.113 |
CRC | 26.230 | 0.113 |
WEL | 27.3 | |
LNG | 27.32 | |
colspan="3" | 92 U uranium | ||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 27.665 | 0.116 |
CRC | 27.665 | 0.116 |
WEL | 27.7 | |
LNG | 27.66 | |
colspan="3" | 93 Np neptunium | ||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 29.46 | |
LNG | 29.46 | |
colspan="3" | 94 Pu plutonium | ||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 35.5 | |
LNG | 35.5 | |
colspan="3" | 95 Am americium | ||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 62.7 | |
LNG | 62.7 |
Notes
- All values refer to 25 °C and to the thermodynamically stable standard state at that temperature unless noted.
- Values from CRC refer to "100 kPa (1 bar or 0.987 standard atmospheres)". Lange indirectly defines the values to be standard atmosphere of "1 atm (101325 Pa)", although citing the same NBS and JANAF sources among others. It is assumed this inexactly refers to "ambient pressure".
References
=CRC=
As quoted in an online version of:
- David R. Lide (ed), CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 84th Edition. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida, 2003; Section 4, Properties of the Elements and Inorganic Compounds; Heat Capacity of the Elements at 25 °C
=WEL=
As quoted at http://www.webelements.com/ from these sources:
- R.H. Schumm, D.D. Wagman, S. Bailey, W.H. Evans, and V.B. Parker in National Bureau of Standards (USA) Technical Notes 270–1 to 270–8, 1973.
- J.D. Cox, DD., Wagman, and V.A. Medvedev, CODATA Key Values for Thermodynamics, Hemisphere Publishing Corp., New York, USA, 1989.
=LNG=
As quoted from various sources in:
- J.A. Dean (ed), Lange's Handbook of Chemistry (15th Edition), McGraw-Hill, 1999; Section 6, Thermodynamic Properties; Table 6.3, Enthalpies and Gibbs Energies of Formation, Entropies, and Heat Capacities of the Elements and Inorganic Compounds