Heinrich Rose

{{Short description|German mineralogist and analytical chemist (1795–1864)}}

{{Infobox scientist

|name = Heinrich Rose

|image = Heinrich Rose.jpg

|caption = Heinrich Rose

|birth_date = {{birth date|1795|8|6|df=y}}

|birth_place = Berlin

|residence =

|nationality = German

|death_date = {{death date and age|1864|1|27|1795|8|6|df=y}}

|death_place = Berlin

|field =

|work_institution =

|alma_mater =

|doctoral_advisor = Jöns Jakob Berzelius

|doctoral_students =

|known_for = rediscovered and naming of niobium

|prizes = Pour le Mérite (1861)
ForMemRS (1842)

|religion =

|footnotes =

}}

Heinrich Rose (6 August 1795 – 27 January 1864) was a German mineralogist and analytical chemist. He was the brother of the mineralogist Gustav Rose and a son of Valentin Rose.{{cite journal | journal = Archiv der Pharmazie | volume = 175 | issue = 1–2 | pages = 1–19

| title = Biographie: Heinrich Rose | author = Rammelsberg, Karl Friedrich August | doi = 10.1002/ardp.18661750102 | year = 1866| s2cid = 221449807 | author-link = Karl Friedrich August Rammelsberg | url = https://zenodo.org/record/1424547 }}

Rose's early works on phosphorescence were noted in the Quarterly Journal of Science in 1821,The Quarterly Journal, vol 11, no 22, at p.399. See google books. and on the strength of these works, he was elected privatdozent at the University of Berlin from 1822, then Professor from 1832.{{Cite web |url=http://bibliothek.bbaw.de/kataloge/literaturnachweise/rose-h/literatur.pdf |title=Publication list of Heinrich Rose |access-date=2008-08-31 |archive-date=2007-06-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070609195624/http://bibliothek.bbaw.de/kataloge/literaturnachweise/rose-h/literatur.pdf |url-status=dead }}

File:Columbite-75444.jpg

File:Niobium2nb.jpg

In 1846, Rose rediscovered the chemical element niobium, proving conclusively that it was different from tantalum. This confirmed that Charles Hatchett had discovered niobium in 1801 in columbite ore. Hatchett had named the new element "columbium", from the ore in which niobium and tantalum coexist. The element was eventually assigned the name niobium by the IUPAC in 1950 after Niobe, the daughter of Tantalus in Greek mythology.{{cite journal |first = Geoff|last = Rayner-Canham|author2=Zheng, Zheng |title = Naming elements after scientists: an account of a controversy|journal = Foundations of Chemistry|volume = 10|issue = 1|date = 2008|doi = 10.1007/s10698-007-9042-1|pages = 13–18|s2cid = 96082444}}{{cite book |last1=Weeks |first1=Mary Elvira |title=The discovery of the elements |date=1956 |publisher=Journal of Chemical Education |location=Easton, PA |url=https://archive.org/details/discoveryoftheel002045mbp |edition=6th }}{{cite journal |last1=Weeks |first1=Mary Elvira |author-link=Mary Elvira Weeks|title=The discovery of the elements. VII. Columbium, tantalum, and vanadium |journal=Journal of Chemical Education |date=May 1932 |volume=9 |issue=5 |pages=863 |doi=10.1021/ed009p863 |bibcode=1932JChEd...9..863W }}{{cite journal |last1=Weeks |first1=Mary Elvira |author-link=Mary Elvira Weeks| title = The discovery of the elements: XVI. The rare earth elements | journal = Journal of Chemical Education | year = 1932 | volume = 9 | issue = 10 | pages = 1751–1773 | doi = 10.1021/ed009p1751 | bibcode=1932JChEd...9.1751W}}{{cite journal |last1=Marshall |first1=James L. |last2=Marshall |first2=Virginia R. |title= Rediscovery of the Elements: Columbium and Tantalum |journal=The Hexagon |date=2013 |pages=20–25 |url=http://www.chem.unt.edu/~jimm/REDISCOVERY%207-09-2018/Hexagon%20Articles/columbium%20and%20tantalum.pdf |access-date=30 December 2019}}{{cite journal |last1=Marshall |first1=James L. Marshall |last2=Marshall |first2=Virginia R. Marshall |title=Rediscovery of the elements: Niobium and Tantalum |journal=The Hexagon |date=2013 |pages=46–51 |url=http://www.chem.unt.edu/~jimm/REDISCOVERY%207-09-2018/Hexagon%20Articles/niobium%20and%20tantalum.pdf |access-date=8 December 2019}}{{cite book |last1=Partington |first1=J. R. |title=A History of Chemistry |volume=4 |date=June 18, 1964 |publisher=Macmillan International Higher Education |location=London, Toronto, New York |page=189 |isbn=978-1-349-00554-3 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-1JdDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA189 }}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}

In 1845, Rose published the discovery of a new element pelopium, which he had found in the mineral tantalite.{{cite journal | title = On two new metals, pelopium and niobium, discovered in the bavarian tantalites | first = Heinrich | last = Rose| journal = Philosophical Magazine |series=Series 3| volume =26| issue = 171 | year = 1845 | doi = 10.1080/14786444508562692 | pages = 179–181| url = https://zenodo.org/record/1431047 }} After subsequent research, pelopium was identified to be a mixture of tantalum and niobium.{{cite journal | journal = Annales de chimie et de physique | title = Recherches sur les combinaisons du niobium | pages = 7–75 | author-link = Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac | language=fr| first = M. C.|last= Marignac | url = http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k34818t/f4.table | year= 1866 | volume = 4 | issue = 8}}

In 1830, Heinrich Rose was elected a foreign member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. He was elected to the American Philosophical Society in 1860.{{Cite web|title=APS Member History|url=https://search.amphilsoc.org/memhist/search?creator=Heinrich+Rose&title=&subject=&subdiv=&mem=&year=&year-max=&dead=&keyword=&smode=advanced|access-date=2021-01-15|website=search.amphilsoc.org}}