Gustav Rose

{{Infobox scientist

| name = Gustav Rose

| image = Gustav Rose.jpg

| image_size =

| caption =

| birth_date = {{Birth date|1798|03|18|df=y}}

| birth_place = Berlin, Kingdom of Prussia

| death_date = {{Death date and age|1873|07|15|1798|03|18|df=y}}

| death_place = Berlin, German Empire

| residence =

| known_for = Meteorite classification
Perovskite

| awards = Pour le Mérite (1871)
ForMemRS (1866)

| citizenship =

| thesis_title = De Sphenis atque titanitae systemate crystallino

| thesis_year = 1820

| academic_advisors = Christian Samuel Weiss
Jöns Jacob Berzelius

| doctoral_students =

| notable_students = Karl Friedrich August Rammelsberg
Gerhard vom Rath
Paul Heinrich von Groth
Alexander Sadebeck

| nationality =

| ethnicity =

| fields = Mineralogy
Meteorites

| workplaces =

| alma_mater =

}}

Prof Gustavus ("Gustav") Rose FRSFor HFRSE (18 March 1798 – 15 July 1873) was a German mineralogist who was a native of Berlin. He was President of the German Geological Society from 1863 to 1873.

Life

He was born in Berlin the son of pharmacologist Valentin Rose.{{cite book |last1=Weeks |first1=Mary Elvira |title=The discovery of the elements |date=1956 |publisher=Journal of Chemical Education |location=Easton, PA |url=https://archive.org/details/discoveryoftheel002045mbp |edition=6th }}

Rose was a graduate of the University of Berlin, where he was a student of mineralogist Christian Samuel Weiss (1780–1856). He also studied under Swedish physical chemist Jöns Jakob Berzelius (1779–1848) in Stockholm. While studying with Berzelius, Rose met German chemist Eilhard Mitscherlich (1794–1863), with whom he maintained a lifelong friendship. Rose provided assistance to Mitscherlich's development of the law of isomorphism. In 1826 he became an associate professor of mineralogy in Berlin. In 1829, with German naturalists Alexander von Humboldt (1769–1859) and Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg (1795–1876), Rose took part in a scientific expedition throughout Imperial Russia. In Russia he performed mineralogical studies in the Altai and Ural Mountains, as well as in the region of the Caspian Sea. In 1856 he was appointed director of the Royal Mineralogical Museum. From 1863 up until his death he was president of the German Geological Society.

Research

Gustav Rose made important contributions in the fields of petrology{{cite book|last=McSween|first=Harry Y.|title=Meteorites and Their Parent Planets|date=1999|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge [u.a.]|isbn=0-521-58303-9|edition=2.}} and crystallography, and is credited for pioneering usage of the reflective goniometer in Germany.{{cite journal |last1=Lockyer |first1=Norman |title=Gustav Rose |journal=Nature |date=August 7, 1873 |volume=VIII |issue=197 |pages=277–279 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=s71XWfjjuawC&pg=PA277}} He had a particular interest in the relationship between the crystalline form and the physical properties of minerals. He is credited for developing a mineral system that was a combination of chemistry, isomorphy and morphology.{{cite web |title=COMMISSION ON CLASSIFICATION OF MINERALS (CCM) |url=https://www.ima-mineralogy.org/Former_CCM_pages_act.htm |website=International Mineralogical Association |access-date=5 January 2020}}

Rose conducted studies of quartz, feldspars, granites, and the mineralogical components of trap rock. He is remembered for research on meteorites and chondrules (grains found in some types of meteorites).{{cite journal |last1=McCall |first1=G. J. H. |title=Chondrules and calcium-aluminium-rich inclusions (CAIs) |journal=Geological Society, London, Special Publications |date=2006 |volume=256 |issue=1 |pages=345–361 |doi=10.1144/GSL.SP.2006.256.01.17 |bibcode=2006GSLSP.256..345M |s2cid=129173310 |url=http://sp.lyellcollection.org/cgi/content/abstract/256/1/345 |access-date=5 January 2020|url-access=subscription }} With Gustav Tschermak von Seysenegg (1836–1927) and Aristides Brezina (1848–1909), the "Rose-Tschermak-Brezina classification" system of meteorites was developed.

He identified many minerals new to science, including perovskite, named in honor of Russian mineralogist Lev Aleksevich von Perovski (1792–1856). A rose-colored mineral named roselite is named after Rose,{{cite web |title=Roselite |url=http://www.mindat.org/min-3450.html |website=mindat.org |access-date=5 January 2020}} and he is credited with coining the terms howardite and eucrite.{{cite book |last1=Hutchison |first1=Robert |title=Meteorites: A Petrologic, Chemical and Isotopic Synthesis |date=2006 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |page=278 |isbn=978-0-521-03539-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=x_e5no9Qo-sC&pg=PA278}}

Selected publications

Elemente der Krystallographie (1830) – Elements of crystallography.
Mineralogischgeognostische Reise nach dem Ural, dem Altai and dem Kaspische Meere (1837) Vol. 1; (1842) Vol. 2. – Mineralogical-gognostic journey to the Urals, the Altai Mountains and the Caspian Sea.
Das Krystallo-chemische Mineralsystem (1852) – The crystallo-chemical mineral system.
{{cite book|last=Rose|first=Gustav|title=Beschreibung und Eintheilung der Meteoriten auf Grund der Sammlung im mineralogischen Museum zu Berlin|date=1864|publisher=Königlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften: in Commission bei F. Dümmler's Verlags-Buchhandlung Harrwitz und Gossmann|location=Berlin|pages=161|language=German}} – Description and classification of meteorites in the collection at the mineralogical museum of Berlin.

Family

He was a brother of mineralogist Heinrich Rose (1795–1864) and the father of noted surgeon Edmund Rose (1836–1914) and the classicist Valentin Rose (1829–1916).{{cite journal |last1=Schütt |first1=Hans-Werner |title=Rose, Gustav |journal=Neue Deutsche Biographie |date=2005 |volume=22 |issue=5 |pages=44–45 |url=https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd116609036.html |access-date=5 January 2020}}