Helene Madison

{{Infobox swimmer

| name = Helene Madison

| image = Helene Madison and Johnny Weissmuller 1932.jpg

| image_size = 185px

| alt =

| caption = Madison (left) with Johnny Weissmuller at 1932 Olympics

| fullname = Helene Emma Madison

| nicknames =

| national_team = {{USA}}

| strokes = Freestyle

| club = {{no wrap|Washington Athletic Club (WAC)}}

| coach = Ray Daughters (WAC)

| collegeteam =

| birth_date = {{Birth date|1913|6|19|mf=y}}

| birth_place = Madison, Wisconsin, U.S.

| death_date = {{Death date and age|1970|11|27|1913|6|19|mf=y}}

| death_place = Seattle, Washington, U.S.

| height = {{convert|5|ft|10|in|m|abbr=on}}

| weight = {{convert|154|lb|kg|abbr=on}}

| medaltemplates =

}}

Helene Emma Madison (June 19, 1913 – November 27, 1970) was an American competition swimmer, a 1932 Olympic gold medalist in the 100-meter, 400-meter and 4x100-meter freestyle relay, and a former world record-holder.{{Cite web|url=https://historylink.org/File/712|title=Freestyle swimmer Helene Madison wins first of three gold medals at the 1932 Summer Olympics on August 8, 1932.|last=Stein|first=Alan|date=2014-02-17|website=HistoryLink.org|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200203203333/https://historylink.org/File/712|archive-date=2020-02-03|access-date=2020-02-03}}

She was born in Madison, Wisconsin on June 9, 1913, though as a young child her family relocated to Seattle. By the age of 12, she began swimming at the Seattle area's Green Lake, one block from her Seattle home, and later participated in Seattle Parks Department swim programs.Duncan Don, "Queen Helene Ruled the Swimming World", The News Tribune, Tacoma, Washington, May 22, 1977, pg. 4 Recognized as a young talent by local Seattle area coach Ray Daughters in 1928, Madison started swimming competitively with Daughters at the Crystal Pool, and later at the Washington Athletic Club. She soon won the 1928 Northwest High School Championship in one of her first major victories as a competitive swimmer. Daughters would also later serve as the Head Coach for Madison's 1932 U.S. Women's Olympic swim team.{{cite web|url=https://www.olympedia.org/athletes/51105|title=Olympedia Biography, Helene Madison|website=Olympedia.com|access-date=14 February 2025}}

Freestyle records

Madison's swimming achievements in freestyle swimming were unheralded and remain unique among women's freestyle competitors through the 1932 Olympics. In a sixteen-month period in 1930 and 1931, she broke sixteen world records in various distances. She held all the official world records in freestyle in 1932 from 50-yards to the mile, and held American national records in the 100m, 220yd, 500yd, and 800yd freestyles. Her American National Championship records held for many years, with the distance events lasting the longest. Her record in the 100-meter freestyle lasted 15 years, her 220-yard freestyle record lasted 6 years, her 500-yard freestyle record lasted 23 years and her 880-yard freestyle lasted 5 years. In sprint events, she was most easily remembered for swimming a 100-yard freestyle in one minute flat.

1932 Olympics

Madison won three gold medals in freestyle events at the 1932 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, becoming, along with Romeo Neri of Italy, the most successful athlete at the 1932 Olympics: women's 100-meter freestyle, 400-meter freestyle, and 4×100-meter freestyle relay.[https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/ma/helene-madison-1.html Helene Madison] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121021220124/http://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/ma/helene-madison-1.html |date=2012-10-21 }}. Sports-Reference.com

In the 100-meter freestyle final, she swam a time of 1:06.8, and though she did poorly in a semi-final, she finished strong in the final and managed to edge out silver medalist Willy den Ouden of the Netherlands by 1 second.

In the 4x100 meter freestyle relay, Madison anchored the American team which was considerably faster than the competition and consisted of Josephine McKim, Helen Johns and Eleanor Garatti. As only five countries competed, there was no need for preliminary heats. The American team finished in a World Record time of 4:38, defeating the second place team from the Netherlands that finished 9 seconds later with a time of 4:47.5.

In the 400-meter freestyle, Madison was the standing world record holder, but the race was closer than expected. Madison swam a 5:28.5, though she had to edge out American silver medalist Lenore Kight, who finished only one-tenth of a second behind her. With the Americans dominant, South African Jenny Maakal, finished a full nineteen seconds behind second place American, Lenore Kight. The race was Madison's last of the Olympics, and the last of her swimming career.

=Post-swimming careers=

File:Helene Madison sitting with coach Ray Daughters and her mother at the Moore Hotel pool, circa 1929 (MOHAI 8788).jpg

Following the August, 1932 Los Angeles Olympics, Madison was met in Seattle with a ticker-tape parade and a large reception. Only two weeks later, she swam in a paid exhibition and lost her amateur standing.

She appeared in The Human Fish, in 1932, a short film directed by Clyde Bruckman that included a small part for Johnny Weismuller, where she had a starring role as the Human Fish. In the same year, she appeared in an uncredited role in The Warrior's Husband. Neither of the films she appeared in were large box office draws, and her attempt to work as a nightclub entertainer was short-lived. Having worked as a professional actor, she was not allowed to participate in the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin.

In July, 1934 she coached swimming briefly at Seattle's Alki Natatorium at Alki Beach.Antoncinch, Pete, "Vickers and Vinney Preparing Plans", The Seattle Star, Seattle, Washington, July 18, 1934, pg. 12

From 1948-1951, she coached Seattle's Moore Hotel Swimming Team, where she led her women's squad to first place in the Chronicle Championship in August 16-17, 1951.Ashlock, Herb, "From the Bench", Spokane Chronicle, Spokane, Washington, August 20, 1951, pg. 15 In May, 1950, she was hospitalized after an operation to treat a severe back injury, though continued to coach after recovering."Ex-World Champ is Hospitalized", Tri-City Herald, Pasco, Washington, May 17, 1950, pg. 8

She also worked as a food vendor at a Seattle beach where as a woman she was not allowed to become a lifeguard, a department store clerk and a student nurse.{{cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0024753/|title=The Warrior's Husband, 1932|website=imdb.com|access-date=14 February 2025}}{{cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0024145/|title=The Human Fish, 1932|website=imdb.com|access-date=14 February 2025}}

Personal life

On March 6, 1937, while working as a student nurse in Seattle, she married Luther C. McCiver, an engineer and builder, whom she had met in 1931 at the height of her swimming career. Madison had one child around 1938, Helene Madison Ware, who at one time lived in Marysville, Washington."Helene Madison to Resume Work", Peninsula Daily News, Port Angeles, Washington, March 8, 1937, pg. 7 Divorced three times and living alone, she died of throat cancer in 1970 in Seattle, Washington. The ashes from her cremation are held at a mausoleum in the Acacia Memorial Park in Lake Forest Park, Washington.Mildred Andrews, "[http://www.historylink.org/essays/output.cfm?file_id=293 Madison, Helene (1914-1970)]," HistoryLink.com. Retrieved October 7, 2012.

Honors

She was inducted into the International Swimming Hall of Fame in 1966, and the U.S. Olympic Hall of Fame in 1992.{{cite web |url=http://www.ishof.org/helene-madison-(usa).html |title=Helene Madison (USA) |website=ISHOF.org |publisher=International Swimming Hall of Fame |access-date=April 7, 2015 |archive-date=April 9, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150409094117/http://www.ishof.org/helene-madison-(usa).html |url-status=dead }} She was voted the Associated Press Female Athlete of the Year for 1931. In 1960, she was elected as part of the introductory class to the Washington State Athletic Hall of Fame in Tacoma.

The Helene Madison Pool, built in 1970 in the Bitter Lake neighborhood of North Seattle, is dedicated to her memory.

References

External links

{{World Aquatics}}
{{ISHOF}} ([https://web.archive.org/web/20150409094117/http://www.ishof.org/helene-madison-(usa).html archive])
{{Team USA Hall of Fame|new_id=helene-madison}}
{{Olympics.com profile}}
{{Olympedia}}
{{IMDb name}}

{{succession box

| before = Albina Osipowich

| title = Women's 100-meter freestyle
world record-holder (long course)

| years = 14 March 1930 – 9 July 1933

| after = Willy den Ouden

}}

{{succession box

| before = Martha Norelius

| title = Women's 200 metre freestyle
world record holder (long course)

| years = 6 March 1930 – 3 May 1933

| after = Willy den Ouden

}}