Help:IPA/Ligurian

{{IPA key|H:IPA-LIJ|H:IPALIJ}}

The charts below show how the International Phonetic Alphabet represents Ligurian pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see Template:IPA and {{section link|Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation#Entering IPA characters}}.

style="background: none"

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{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em;"

! colspan="4" | Consonants

colspan="2" | IPAExamplesEnglish approximation
style="text-align: center;" colspan="2" | {{IPA link|b}}

| bödisson, Bàrboa

| bill

style="text-align: center;" colspan="2" | {{IPA link|d̪|d}}

| veddro, cadello

| dill

style="text-align: center;" rowspan="2" | {{IPA link|dʒ}}

| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|dʒ}}Sounds listed on the right column occur in certain peripheral dialects.

| gianco, ongia, giærâva

| Jill

style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|ʎ}}

| coniggio, figgeu, muâgia

| Jill or billionThe latter realizations are most common in peripheric areas, such as Ventimiglia or southern Piedmont. In particular, {{IPAblink|ʃ}} and {{IPAblink|ʒ}} are occurrences of {{IPA|/s/}} and {{IPA|/z/}} before consonants In the Tabarchino dialect of Carloforte.

style="text-align: center;" colspan="2" | {{IPA link|f}}

| safran, feliçitæ, stuffa

| fill

style="text-align: center;" colspan="2" | {{IPA link|ɡ}}

| preghêa, mëgo, gregâ

| grill

style="text-align: center;" colspan="2" | {{IPA link|k}}

| ancheu, credensa, quæxi

| skill

style="text-align: center;" colspan="2" | {{IPA link|l}}

| lann-a, gallo

| lid

style="text-align: center;" colspan="2" | {{IPA link|m}}

| mënda, famme

| mill

style="text-align: center;" rowspan="2" | {{IPA link|n}}

| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|n}}

| pinna, n

| nest

style="text-align: center;" rowspan="2" | {{IPA link|ŋ}}

| fænn-a, donn-oLike most other Northern Italian languages, Ligurian nasals never assimilate their place of articulation to that of the following consonant, unlike in Standard Italian. {{IPA|[ŋ]}} is used in all nasal plus consonant clusters, and it may contrast with {{IPA|/n/}} only before vowels (e.g. {{lang|lij|pénn-a}} {{IPA|/ˈpeŋa/}} 'sorrow' vs {{lang|lij|pénna}} {{IPA|/ˈpena/}} 'quill').

| nest or ring

style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|ŋ}}

| tenpo, savon, gianda

| ring

style="text-align: center;" colspan="2" | {{IPA link|ɲ}}

| âgna, scignôro

| onion

style="text-align: center;" colspan="2" | {{IPA link|p}}

| capriççi, päpêto

| spill

style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|ɾ}}

| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|ɹ}}

| ingreize, rebelêa, spar

| atom (American English) or barrel

style="text-align: center;" rowspan="2" | {{IPA link|s}}

| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|s}}

| sêuxoo, paçiensa, pastiççê, nissêua

| sell

style="text-align: center;" rowspan="2" | {{IPA link|ʃ}}

| pescòu, pastiççê, sfròuxo

| sell or shell

style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|ʃ}}

| sciô, léscico, scerpa

| shell

style="text-align: center;" colspan="2" | {{IPA link|t̪|t}}

| çittæ, töa, roêta

| still

style="text-align: center;" colspan="2" | {{IPA link|tʃ}}

| masccio, ociâli, cêuve

| chill

style="text-align: center;" colspan="2" | {{IPA link|v}}

| levòu, vailezzo

| veal

style="text-align: center;" rowspan="2" | {{IPA link|z}}

| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|z}}

| zenéize, mazzo, spozoéi

| zeal

style="text-align: center;" rowspan="2" | {{IPA link|ʒ}}

| desmentegâ, asbasciâ, deslengoâse

| zeal or leisure

style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|ʒ}}

| bâxo, scixèrboa, chixêximo

| leisure

colspan="4" style="border-left: #fff solid 1px; border-right: #fff solid 1px" |  
colspan="4" | Semivowels
colspan="2" | IPAExamplesEnglish approximation
style="text-align: center;" colspan="2" | {{IPA link|j}}

| scciapeuia, leitûga, ziàrdoa, socjêtæ

| young

style="text-align: center;" colspan="2" | {{IPA link|w}}

| ægoa, ciammòu, quâgia

| well

| style="vertical-align:top;" |

class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em;"

! colspan="4" | VowelsAll vowels can occur in both stressed or unstressed positions except short {{IPA|/ɛ/}}, which is always stressed.

colspan="2" | IPAExamplesEnglish approximation
colspan="4" | Short vowels
style="text-align: center;" colspan="2" | {{IPA link|ä|a}}

| mäveggia, babà, grasso

| bat

style="text-align: center;" colspan="2" | {{IPA link|e}}

| ebrêo, öxello, avédise

| bait

style="text-align: center;" colspan="2" | {{IPA link|ɛ}}

| bello, caffè, fænn-a

| bet

style="text-align: center;" colspan="2" | {{IPA link|i}}

| infinïo, piccin

| beet

style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|ɔ}}

| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|o}}

| votta, òspitòu, Ouröpa

| bald, but shorter

style="text-align: center;" colspan="2" | {{IPA link|ø}}

| béuisccio, cheuscia, euggezzâ

| bird (RP), but shorter

style="text-align: center;" colspan="2" | {{IPA link|u}}

| môro, nasción, rotto

| bull

style="text-align: center;" colspan="2" | {{IPA link|y}}

| cuggiæ, fumme, virtù

| roughly like boot (some dialects)These dialects include modern Received Pronunciation and most forms of English English (with some exceptions such as Yorkshire), Australian, New Zealand, White South African, Scottish, Ulster, Southern American, Midland American, Philadelphia, Baltimore, Western Pennsylvania and California English. Other dialects of English, such as Northern American, New York City, New England, African American Vernacular, Welsh and Republic of Ireland English, have no close equiavalent vowel.; French tu

colspan="4" | Long vowels
style="text-align: center;" colspan="2" | {{IPA link|ä|aː}}

| mäveggia, cicchettâ, ociâli

| father

style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|eː}}

| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|e}}{{IPA link|j}}

| ebrêo, gêxâ, çëxetta

| bail

style="text-align: center;" colspan="2" | {{IPA link|ɛ|ɛː}}

| sæa, coæ, bæxinâ

| bear (RP)

style="text-align: center;" colspan="2" | {{IPA link|i|iː}}

| abaçîa, barbacïo, moî

| bead

style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|ɔ|ɔː}}

| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|o|oː}}

| stöia, öxello, dizö

| bald

style="text-align: center;" colspan="2" | {{IPA link|ø|øː}}

| nissêua, dêuviemmo, faxeu

| bird (RP)

style="text-align: center;" colspan="2" | {{IPA link|u|uː}}

| môro, servitô, dôçeménte

| tool

style="text-align: center;" colspan="2" | {{IPA link|y|yː}}

| lettûa, dûo, aogûri

| roughly like boo (some dialects); German über

colspan="4" style="border-left: #fff solid 1px; border-right: #fff solid 1px" |  
colspan="4" | Suprasegmentals
colspan="2" | IPAExamplesExplanation
style="text-align: center;" colspan="2" | {{IPA link|ˈ}}

| sciughêa {{IPA|[ʃyˈɡeːa]}}

| primary stress

style="text-align: center;" colspan="2" | {{IPA link|ˌ}}

| brûxabaracche {{IPA|[ˌbɾyːʒabaˈɾakːe]}}

| secondary stress

style="text-align: center;" colspan="2" | {{IPA link|.}}

| létia {{IPA|[ˈleti.a]}}

| syllable break

style="text-align: center;" colspan="2" | {{IPA link|ˑ|ː}}

| Sann-a {{IPA|[ˈsaŋːa]}}

| half-long consonantConsonant and semivowel lengthening optionally occurs in paroxytones between a stressed short vowel and a vowel, and is represented in IPA by either doubling the consonant or through the {{angbr IPA|ː}} marker (e.g. {{lang|lij|euggio}} {{IPA|[ˈøddʒu]}}/{{IPA|[ˈødːʒu]}}).

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Notes

{{reflist}}

See also

  • {{clc|Pages with Ligurian IPA|pages}}