Help:IPA/Ligurian
{{IPA key|H:IPA-LIJ|H:IPALIJ}}
The charts below show how the International Phonetic Alphabet represents Ligurian pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see Template:IPA and {{section link|Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation#Entering IPA characters}}.
style="background: none"
| style="vertical-align:top;" | {| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em;" ! colspan="4" | Consonants | ||
colspan="2" | IPA | Examples | English approximation |
---|---|---|
style="text-align: center;" colspan="2" | {{IPA link|b}}
| bödisson, Bàrboa | bill | ||
style="text-align: center;" colspan="2" | {{IPA link|d̪|d}}
| veddro, cadello | dill | ||
style="text-align: center;" rowspan="2" | {{IPA link|dʒ}}
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|dʒ}}Sounds listed on the right column occur in certain peripheral dialects. | gianco, ongia, giærâva | Jill | ||
style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|ʎ}}
| coniggio, figgeu, muâgia | Jill or billionThe latter realizations are most common in peripheric areas, such as Ventimiglia or southern Piedmont. In particular, {{IPAblink|ʃ}} and {{IPAblink|ʒ}} are occurrences of {{IPA|/s/}} and {{IPA|/z/}} before consonants In the Tabarchino dialect of Carloforte. | ||
style="text-align: center;" colspan="2" | {{IPA link|f}}
| safran, feliçitæ, stuffa | fill | ||
style="text-align: center;" colspan="2" | {{IPA link|ɡ}}
| preghêa, mëgo, gregâ | grill | ||
style="text-align: center;" colspan="2" | {{IPA link|k}}
| ancheu, credensa, quæxi | skill | ||
style="text-align: center;" colspan="2" | {{IPA link|l}}
| lann-a, gallo | lid | ||
style="text-align: center;" colspan="2" | {{IPA link|m}}
| mënda, famme | mill | ||
style="text-align: center;" rowspan="2" | {{IPA link|n}}
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|n}} | pinna, nuâ | nest | ||
style="text-align: center;" rowspan="2" | {{IPA link|ŋ}}
| fænn-a, donn-oLike most other Northern Italian languages, Ligurian nasals never assimilate their place of articulation to that of the following consonant, unlike in Standard Italian. {{IPA|[ŋ]}} is used in all nasal plus consonant clusters, and it may contrast with {{IPA|/n/}} only before vowels (e.g. {{lang|lij|pénn-a}} {{IPA|/ˈpeŋa/}} 'sorrow' vs {{lang|lij|pénna}} {{IPA|/ˈpena/}} 'quill'). | ||
style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|ŋ}}
| ring | ||
style="text-align: center;" colspan="2" | {{IPA link|ɲ}}
| âgna, scignôro | onion | ||
style="text-align: center;" colspan="2" | {{IPA link|p}}
| capriççi, päpêto | spill | ||
style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|ɾ}}
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|ɹ}} | ingreize, rebelêa, sparmâ | atom (American English) or barrel | ||
style="text-align: center;" rowspan="2" | {{IPA link|s}}
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|s}} | sêuxoo, paçiensa, pastiççê, nissêua | sell | ||
style="text-align: center;" rowspan="2" | {{IPA link|ʃ}}
| pescòu, pastiççê, sfròuxo | ||
style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|ʃ}}
| sciô, léscico, scerpa | shell | ||
style="text-align: center;" colspan="2" | {{IPA link|t̪|t}}
| çittæ, töa, roêta | still | ||
style="text-align: center;" colspan="2" | {{IPA link|tʃ}}
| masccio, ociâli, cêuve | chill | ||
style="text-align: center;" colspan="2" | {{IPA link|v}}
| levòu, vailezzo | veal | ||
style="text-align: center;" rowspan="2" | {{IPA link|z}}
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|z}} | zenéize, mazzo, spozoéi | zeal | ||
style="text-align: center;" rowspan="2" | {{IPA link|ʒ}}
| desmentegâ, asbasciâ, deslengoâse | ||
style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|ʒ}}
| bâxo, scixèrboa, chixêximo | leisure | ||
colspan="4" style="border-left: #fff solid 1px; border-right: #fff solid 1px" | | ||
colspan="4" | Semivowels | ||
colspan="2" | IPA | Examples | English approximation |
style="text-align: center;" colspan="2" | {{IPA link|j}}
| scciapeuia, leitûga, ziàrdoa, socjêtæ | young | ||
style="text-align: center;" colspan="2" | {{IPA link|w}}
| ægoa, ciammòu, quâgia | well |
| style="vertical-align:top;" |
class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em;"
! colspan="4" | VowelsAll vowels can occur in both stressed or unstressed positions except short {{IPA|/ɛ/}}, which is always stressed. | ||
colspan="2" | IPA | Examples | English approximation |
---|---|---|
colspan="4" | Short vowels | ||
style="text-align: center;" colspan="2" | {{IPA link|ä|a}}
| mäveggia, babà, grasso | bat | ||
style="text-align: center;" colspan="2" | {{IPA link|e}}
| ebrêo, öxello, avédise | bait | ||
style="text-align: center;" colspan="2" | {{IPA link|ɛ}}
| bet | ||
style="text-align: center;" colspan="2" | {{IPA link|i}}
| infinïo, piccin | beet | ||
style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|ɔ}}
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|o}} | votta, òspitòu, Ouröpa | bald, but shorter | ||
style="text-align: center;" colspan="2" | {{IPA link|ø}}
| béuisccio, cheuscia, euggezzâ | bird (RP), but shorter | ||
style="text-align: center;" colspan="2" | {{IPA link|u}}
| môro, nasción, rotto | bull | ||
style="text-align: center;" colspan="2" | {{IPA link|y}}
| cuggiæ, fumme, virtù | roughly like boot (some dialects)These dialects include modern Received Pronunciation and most forms of English English (with some exceptions such as Yorkshire), Australian, New Zealand, White South African, Scottish, Ulster, Southern American, Midland American, Philadelphia, Baltimore, Western Pennsylvania and California English. Other dialects of English, such as Northern American, New York City, New England, African American Vernacular, Welsh and Republic of Ireland English, have no close equiavalent vowel.; French tu | ||
colspan="4" | Long vowels | ||
style="text-align: center;" colspan="2" | {{IPA link|ä|aː}}
| mäveggia, cicchettâ, ociâli | father | ||
style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|eː}}
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|e}}{{IPA link|j}} | ebrêo, gêxâ, çëxetta | bail | ||
style="text-align: center;" colspan="2" | {{IPA link|ɛ|ɛː}}
| sæa, coæ, bæxinâ | bear (RP) | ||
style="text-align: center;" colspan="2" | {{IPA link|i|iː}}
| abaçîa, barbacïo, moînâ | bead | ||
style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|ɔ|ɔː}}
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|o|oː}} | stöia, öxello, dizönô | bald | ||
style="text-align: center;" colspan="2" | {{IPA link|ø|øː}}
| nissêua, dêuviemmo, faxeu | bird (RP) | ||
style="text-align: center;" colspan="2" | {{IPA link|u|uː}}
| môro, servitô, dôçeménte | tool | ||
style="text-align: center;" colspan="2" | {{IPA link|y|yː}}
| lettûa, dûo, aogûri | ||
colspan="4" style="border-left: #fff solid 1px; border-right: #fff solid 1px" | | ||
colspan="4" | Suprasegmentals | ||
colspan="2" | IPA | Examples | Explanation |
style="text-align: center;" colspan="2" | {{IPA link|ˈ}}
| sciughêa {{IPA|[ʃyˈɡeːa]}} | ||
style="text-align: center;" colspan="2" | {{IPA link|ˌ}}
| brûxabaracche {{IPA|[ˌbɾyːʒabaˈɾakːe]}} | ||
style="text-align: center;" colspan="2" | {{IPA link|.}}
| létia {{IPA|[ˈleti.a]}} | ||
style="text-align: center;" colspan="2" | {{IPA link|ˑ|ː}}
| Sann-a {{IPA|[ˈsaŋːa]}} | half-long consonantConsonant and semivowel lengthening optionally occurs in paroxytones between a stressed short vowel and a vowel, and is represented in IPA by either doubling the consonant or through the {{angbr IPA|ː}} marker (e.g. {{lang|lij|euggio}} {{IPA|[ˈøddʒu]}}/{{IPA|[ˈødːʒu]}}). |
|}
Notes
{{reflist}}
See also
- {{clc|Pages with Ligurian IPA|pages}}
External links
- {{cite web|last=Toso|first=Fiorenzo|title=liguri, dialetti|url=http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/dialetti-liguri_%28Enciclopedia-dell%27Italiano%29/|work=Enciclopedia Treccani|trans-title=Ligurian dialects|lang=it}}
- [http://www.zeneize.net Official Website for the Académia Ligùstica do Brénno] {{in lang|lij}}
{{IPA keys}}