Help:IPA/Norwegian

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{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em"

! colspan="4" | Consonants

| {{lang|no|stab}}

| stab

| {{lang|no|Kyrkjebø}}, {{lang|no|bikkje}}, {{lang|no|Kielland}}, {{lang|no|tjue}}

| hue

| {{lang|no|dåd}}, {{lang|no|verden}}

| deed

| {{lang|no|sardin}}Clusters of {{IPA|/r/}} and laminal consonants {{IPA|/rd/}}, {{IPA|/rn/}}, {{IPA|/rs/}}, {{IPA|/rt/}} produce retroflex realizations in a recursive sandhi process: {{IPAblink|ɖ}}, {{IPAblink|ɳ}}, {{IPAblink|ʂ}}, {{IPAblink|ʈ}}.

| Indian day

| {{lang|no|fot}}, {{lang|no|loft}}, {{lang|no|trivsel}}, {{lang|no|lavt}}, {{lang|no|Philip}}

| foot

| {{lang|no|genial}}

| get

| {{lang|no|hatt}}

| hat

| {{lang|no|jojo}}, {{lang|no|hjelp}}, {{lang|no|gjorde}}, {{lang|no|geit}}, {{lang|no|Biørn}}, {{lang|no|Youngstorget}}

| yoyo

| {{lang|no|kald}}, {{lang|no|Skøyen}}, {{lang|no|Dagsrevyen}}, {{lang|no|Ingebrigtsen}}, {{lang|no|Joacim}}, {{lang|no|Schanche}}, {{lang|no|Qvam}}

| cold

| {{lang|no|farlig}}, {{lang|no|årlig}}, {{lang|no|perle}}, {{lang|no|Sturla}}, {{lang|no|land}}, {{lang|no|smelte}}, {{lang|no|Hordaland}}, {{lang|no|smålig}}In contemporary Urban East Norwegian, there are two lateral approximant phonemes: apical {{IPA|/l/}} and laminal {{IPA|/l̻/}}. There is no longer a difference between the historical {{IPA|/rl/}} and the simple {{IPA|/l/}} when not preceded by {{IPA|/ɑː/}} or {{IPA|/oː/}}. The most common lateral is the non-velarized apical alveolar {{IPAblink|l}}. Only the laminal {{IPAblink|l̻}} occurs after {{IPA|/t, d/}} (in this guide transcribed the same as {{IPAblink|l}}) and after {{IPA|/ɑ/}} and {{IPA|/ɔ/}}. After {{IPA|/ɑː/}} and {{IPA|/oː/}}, the two phonemes contrast. The laminal phoneme is velarized {{IPAblink|ɫ̻}} (transcribed in this guide without the diacritic) after back vowels but not after the central {{IPA|/ə/}} {{harvcol|Kristoffersen|2000|p=25}}.When a lateral approximant occurs between two stressable vowels (i.e. any vowels other than {{IPA|/ə/}}) in a compound or derived word, the coloring of the lateral depends on whether it occurs in a morpheme-final position or not. If there is a morpheme boundary between the vowel and {{IPA|/l/}} (as in Hordaland {{audio-IPA|Hordaland.ogg|[ˈhɔ̂rdɑlɑn]|help=no}} or smålig), the lateral is clear {{IPAblink|l}} regardless of the preceding vowel.

| lack

| {{lang|no|Abel}}

| little, but without velarization; German Esel

| {{lang|no|salig}}, {{lang|no|tålig}}, {{lang|no|falsk}}, {{lang|no|stolt}}

| pull

| {{lang|no|man}}

| man

| {{lang|no|natt}}

| night

| {{lang|no|katten}}

| chosen

| {{lang|no|barn}}

| night, but retroflex

| {{lang|no|verten}}, {{lang|no|slitasjen}}, {{lang|no|Kristoffersen}}

| chosen, but retroflex

| {{lang|no|signing}}, {{lang|no|annonse}}

| sing

| {{lang|no|par}}, {{lang|no|spa}}, {{lang|no|Ibsen}}, {{lang|no|Jakob}}

| pair

| {{lang|no|år}}

| GA atom

| {{lang|no|tæl}}, {{lang|no|Dæhlie}}, {{Audio|No-Vålerenga.ogg|{{lang|no|Vål’enga}}|help=no}}{{IPA|/ɽ/}} often alternates with {{IPA|/l/}} (sometimes with {{IPA|/r/}}), but there is a small number of words in which only {{IPA|/ɽ/}} occurs {{harvcol|Kristoffersen|2000|pp=24, 90}}.

| GA atom, but retroflex

| {{lang|no|sabel}}, {{lang|no|cøliaki}}, {{lang|no|enzym}}, {{lang|no|xylofon}}

| sabre

| {{lang|no|sjø}}, {{lang|no|skjerf}}, {{lang|no|skøyte}}, {{lang|no|slott}}, {{lang|no|nysgjerrig}}, {{lang|no|Skiaker}}, {{lang|no|geni}}, {{lang|no|journal}}, {{lang|no|Schønberg}}, {{lang|no|attaché}}, {{lang|no|Nationaltheatret}}, {{lang|no|torsdag}}

| shoe, but retroflex

| {{lang|no|torsdag}}, {{lang|no|Steinfeld}}, {{lang|no|Vadsø}}

| turn

| {{lang|no|parti}}

| Indian turn

| {{lang|no|vaktel}}, {{lang|no|Wergeland}}, {{lang|no|Nyquist}}

| vat

| {{lang|no|rutsjebane}}, {{lang|no|tsjekkisk}}, {{lang|no|Tschudi}}, {{lang|no|Tetzschner}}, {{lang|no|Archer}}

| challenge, but retroflex

| {{lang|no|sommer}} {{IPA|[ˈsɔ̂mːər]}}Stressed short vowels usually trigger the gemination of the following consonant before another vowel or at the end of a word.

| roommate

! colspan="3" | Stress and tone

| style="text-align:center;" | {{lang|no|bønder}}
{{IPA|[ˈbœ̀nːər]}}

| Low tone / tone 1 / acute accentThe rise that often follows is only realized at the end of an intonational phrase. It is non-phonemic.

| style="text-align:center;" | {{lang|no|bønner}}
{{IPA|[ˈbœ̂nːər]}}

| Falling tone / tone 2 / grave accent

| style="text-align:center;" | {{lang|no|skoleelev}}
{{IPA|[ˈskûːləɛˌleːv]}}

| Secondary stress

! colspan="4" | Vowels

| {{lang|no|fast}}, {{lang|no|pensjonist}}, {{lang|no|Isaachsen}}

| art

| {{lang|no|mat}}, {{lang|no|Raabe}}

| Article

| {{lang|no|verden}}, {{lang|no|herse}}, {{lang|no|færre}}, {{lang|no|æsj}}, {{lang|no|krasje}}, {{lang|no|Märtha}}

| trap

| {{lang|no|trær}} ("trees"), {{lang|no|tæl}}, {{lang|no|ærlig}}, {{lang|no|her}}, {{lang|no|perle}}, {{lang|no|gjerde}}

| Australian mad

| {{lang|no|egne}} ("bait" vb.), {{lang|no|regler}} ("rhymes" n.), {{lang|no|hesje}}, {{lang|no|helle}}, {{lang|no|ætt}}

| set

| {{lang|no|egne}} ("own" adj. pl.), {{lang|no|treg}}, {{lang|no|regler}} ("rules" n.), {{lang|no|manesje}}, {{lang|no|mer}}, {{lang|no|sel}}, {{lang|no|allé}}, {{lang|no|trær}} ("thread(s)" vb.), {{lang|no|gælisk}}, {{lang|no|Kathe}}

| Scottish save

| {{lang|no|sild}}, {{lang|no|Dagny}}

| hill

| {{lang|no|i}}, {{lang|no|de}}

| need

| {{lang|no|slott}}, {{lang|no|slått}}, {{lang|no|Slaatsveen}}, {{lang|no|Fougner}}{{IPA|[{{IPA link|ɒ|ɔ}}, {{IPA link|oː}}, {{IPA link|œ̫|œ}}, {{IPA link|ø̫|øː}}, {{IPA link|ʏ̫|ʏ}}, {{IPA link|y̫|yː}}, {{IPA|ɔʏ}}, {{IPA|œʏ]}}}} are protruded vowels, while {{IPA|[{{IPA link|ʏ͍|ʉ}}, {{IPA link|y͍|ʉː}}, {{IPA link|ʊ͍|ʊ}}, {{IPA link|u͍|uː}}]}} (including the {{IPA|[ʉ]}} element in {{IPA|[æʉ]}} and {{IPA|[ʉɪ]}}) are compressed.

| off

| {{lang|no|våg}}, {{lang|no|skrog}}, {{lang|no|Aass}}, {{lang|no|Maud}}

| story

| {{lang|no|Søgne}}, {{lang|no|øgle}}, {{lang|no|pasteurisere}}

| roughly like bet, but with rounded lips; German Röcke

| {{lang|no|stø}}, {{lang|no|Schreuder}}

| roughly like Scottish save, but with rounded lips; German Behörde

| {{lang|no|loff}}, {{lang|no|skuffe}} ("shovel"), {{lang|no|journal}}

| put, German Nuss

| {{lang|no|skog}}, {{lang|no|fôr}}, {{lang|no|glamour}}

| fool, German Fuß

| {{lang|no|skuffe}} ("disappoint"), {{lang|no|debutant}}, {{lang|no|outrert}}The distinction between compressed {{IPAblink|ʏ͍|ʉ}} and protruded {{IPAblink|ʏ̫|y}} is particularly difficult to hear for non-native speakers:

• Norwegian compressed {{IPAblink|ʏ|ʉ}} sounds very close to many German speakers' compressed {{IPAblink|ʏ͍|ʏ}} (as in {{lang|de|müssen}} {{Audio-IPA|De-müssen.ogg|[ˈmʏsn̩]|help=no}}).
• Norwegian protruded {{IPAblink|ʏ̫|ʏ}} sounds more similar to English unrounded {{IPAblink|ɪ}} (as in hit) than to German compressed {{IPAblink|ʏ͍|ʏ}}, and it is very close to Swedish protruded {{IPAblink|ʏ̫|ʏ}} (as in {{lang|sv|syll}} {{Audio-IPA|Sv-syll.ogg|[sʏlː]|help=no}}).

Similarly,

• Norwegian compressed {{IPAblink|y͍|ʉː}} sounds very close to many German speakers' compressed {{IPAblink|y͍|yː}}.
• Norwegian protruded {{IPAblink|y̫|yː}} sounds more similar to English unrounded {{IPAblink|iː}} (as in leave) than to German compressed {{IPAblink|y͍|yː}}, and it is very close to Swedish protruded {{IPAblink|y̫|yː}} (as in {{lang|sv|syl}} {{Audio-IPA|Sv-syl.ogg|[syːl]|help=no}}).

| goose (some dialectsThese dialects include Received Pronunciation and most forms of English English (with some exceptions such as Yorkshire English), Australian English, New Zealand English, Scottish English, Ulster English, Southern American English, Midland American English, Philadelphia-Baltimore English, Western Pennsylvania English and California English. Other dialects of English, such as General American and most other forms of American English, Welsh English and Republic of Ireland English, have no close equiavalent vowel.); German müssen

| {{lang|no|kul}}, {{lang|no|ajourføre}}

| choose (some dialects); German üben

| {{lang|no|nytt}}, {{lang|no|gründer}}

| roughly like hit, but with rounded lips; Swedish syll

| {{lang|no|syl}}, {{lang|no|Grünerløkka}}, {{lang|no|debut}}

| roughly like leave, but with rounded lips; Swedish syl

| {{lang|no|hai}}, {{lang|no|Faye}}, {{lang|no|Maj}}

| price

| {{lang|no|egne seg}} ("be suited"), {{lang|no|negl}}, {{lang|no|sein}}, {{lang|no|hei}}, {{lang|no|feil}}, {{lang|no|Heyerdahl}}, {{lang|no|Sejersted}}, {{lang|no|Bræin}}

| Australian day

| {{lang|no|hauk}}, {{lang|no|Europa}}, {{lang|no|Klouman}}

| have or GA mountain

| {{lang|no|mail}}{{IPA|[ɛɪ]}} appears only in recent loanwords. Speakers who do not have {{IPA|[ɛɪ]}} in their diphthong inventory replace it with {{IPA|[æɪ]}} {{harvcol|Kristoffersen|2000|p=19}}.

| day

| {{lang|no|boikott}}, {{lang|no|Roy}}

| boy

| {{lang|no|døgn}}, {{lang|no|øyne}}, {{lang|no|Øivind}}, {{lang|no|Preus}}, {{lang|no|Foyn}}

| Canadian ice

| {{lang|no|hui}}{{IPA|[ʉɪ]}} appears only in the word {{lang|no|hui}} {{harvcol|Kristoffersen|2000|p=19}}.

| fluid

| {{lang|no|Haoko}}

| how

| {{lang|no|påle}}

| about