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Help:IPA/Pashto

{{IPA key|H:IPA-PS}}

The chart below explains how Wikipedia represents Pashto pronunciations with the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see Template:IPA and {{section link|Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation#Entering IPA characters}}.

See Pashto phonology for a more thorough discussion of the sounds of Pashto.

style="vertical-align: top;"

|

{| class="wikitable"

|+Consonants

!colspan=4|IPA

!rowspan=2|Letter

!rowspan=2|Usual romanization

!rowspan=2|English approximation

{{abbr|NW|Northwestern dialects}}{{abbr|NE|Northeastern dialects}}{{abbr|SW|Southwestern dialects}}{{abbr|SE|Southeastern dialects}}
colspan="4" style="text-align:center;" |{{IPAlink|b}}

|{{center|{{lang|ps|ب}}}}

|b

|bed

colspan="4" style="text-align:center;" |{{IPAlink|d}}

|{{center|{{lang|ps|د}}}}

|d

|day

colspan="2" style="text-align:center;" |{{IPAlink|z}}

|colspan="2" style="text-align:center;" |{{IPAlink|d͡z}}

|{{center|{{lang|ps|ځ}}}}

|dz

|lads

colspan="4" style="text-align:center;" |{{IPAlink|d͡ʒ}}

|{{center|{{lang|ps|ج}}}}

|j

|jam

colspan="4" style="text-align:center;" |{{IPAlink|ɖ}}

|{{center|{{lang|ps|ډ}}}}

|ḍ

|day (retroflex)

colspan="4" style="text-align:center;" |{{IPAlink|f}}

|{{center|{{lang|ps|ف}}}}

|f

|fun

colspan="4" style="text-align:center;" |{{IPAlink|ɡ}}

|{{center|{{lang|ps|ګ}}}}

|g

|go

colspan="4" style="text-align:center;" |{{IPAlink|ɣ}}

|{{center|{{lang|ps|غ}}}}

|ğ, ǧ

|Spanish amigo

colspan="4" style="text-align:center;" |{{IPAlink|h}}

|{{center|{{lang|ps|ه}}
{{lang|ps|ح}}}}

|h

|hat

colspan="4" style="text-align:center;" |{{IPAlink|j}}

|{{center|{{lang|ps|ي}}}}

|y

|yes

colspan="4" style="text-align:center;" |{{IPAlink|k}}

|{{center|{{lang|ps|ک}}}}

|k

|king

colspan="4" style="text-align:center;" |{{IPAlink|l}}

|{{center|{{lang|ps|ل}}}}

|l

|left

colspan="4" style="text-align:center;" |{{IPAlink|m}}

|{{center|{{lang|ps|م}}}}

|m

|man

colspan="4" style="text-align:center;" |{{IPAlink|n}}

|rowspan="2" |{{center|{{lang|ps|ن}}}}

|rowspan="2" |n

|no

colspan="4" style="text-align:center;" |{{IPAlink|ŋ}}

|song

colspan="4" style="text-align:center;" |{{IPAlink|ɳ}}

|{{center|{{lang|ps|ڼ}}}}

|ṇ

|no (retroflex)

colspan="4" style="text-align:center;" |{{IPAlink|p}}

|{{center|{{lang|ps|پ}}}}

|p

|spit

colspan="4" style="text-align:center;" |{{IPAlink|q}}

|{{center|{{lang|ps|ق}}}}

|q

|cool (without voicing)

colspan="4" style="text-align:center;" |{{IPAlink|r}}

|{{center|{{lang|ps|ﺭ}}}}

|r

|run

colspan="4" style="text-align:center;" |{{IPAlink|ɺ}}, {{IPAlink|ɻ}}, {{IPAlink|ɽ}}

|{{center|{{lang|ps|ړ}}}}

|ṛ

|run (retroflex)

colspan="4" style="text-align:center;" |{{IPAlink|s}}

|{{center|{{lang|ps|س}}
{{lang|ps|ث}}
{{lang|ps|ص}}}}

|s

|see

colspan="4" style="text-align:center;" |{{IPAlink|ʃ}}

|{{center|{{lang|ps|ش}}}}

|š

|she

style="text-align:center;" |{{IPAlink|ç}}

|style="text-align:center;" |{{IPAlink|x}}

|style="text-align:center;" |{{IPAlink|ʂ}}

|style="text-align:center;" |{{IPAlink|ʃ}}

|style="text-align:center;" |{{center|{{lang|ps|ښ}}}}

|x̌, ṣ̌

|she (retroflex)

colspan="4" style="text-align:center;" |{{IPAlink|t}}

|{{center|{{lang|ps|ت}}
{{lang|ps|ط}}}}

|t

|top

colspan="2" style="text-align:center;" |{{IPAlink|s}}

|colspan="2" style="text-align:center;" |{{IPAlink|t͡s}}

|{{center|{{lang|ps|څ}}}}

|c, ts

|cats

colspan="4" style="text-align:center;" |{{IPAlink|t͡ʃ}}

|{{center|{{lang|ps|چ}}}}

|č

|chin

colspan="4" style="text-align:center;" |{{IPAlink|ʈ}}

|{{center|{{lang|ps|ټ}}}}

|ṭ

|top (retroflex)

colspan="4" style="text-align:center;" |{{IPAlink|w}}

|{{center|{{lang|ps|و}}}}

|w

|win

colspan="4" style="text-align:center;" |{{IPAlink|x}}

|{{center|{{lang|ps|خ}}}}

|x

|Bach (German)

colspan="4" style="text-align:center;" |{{IPAlink|z}}

|{{center|{{lang|ps|ز}}
{{lang|ps|ذ}}
{{lang|ps|ض}}
{{lang|ps|ظ}}}}

|z

|zoo

style="text-align:center;" |{{IPAlink|ʒ}}

|style="text-align:center;" |{{IPAlink|d͡ʒ}}

|colspan="2" style="text-align:center;" |{{IPAlink|ʒ}}

|{{center|{{lang|ps|ژ}}}}

|ž

|pleasure

style="text-align:center;" |{{IPAlink|ʝ}}

|style="text-align:center;" |{{IPAlink|ɡ}}

|style="text-align:center;" |{{IPAlink|ʐ}}

|style="text-align:center;" |{{IPAlink|ʒ}}

|{{center|{{lang|ps|ږ}}}}

|ǵ, ẓ̌

|pleasure (retroflex)

colspan="4" style="text-align:center;" |{{IPAlink|◌̃}}

|{{center|{{lang|ps|ں}}}}

|̃ , ń

|song

class="wikitable"

|+Marginal consonant

!IPA

!Letter

!Usual romanization

!English approximation

{{IPAlink|ʔ}}

|{{center|{{lang|ps|ع}}
{{lang|ps|ء}}}}

|', ɂ

|water (glottalized)

|

class="wikitable"

|+Vowels

!IPA

!Letter

!Usual romanization

!English approximation

{{big|{{IPAlink|a}}}}

|{{center|{{lang|ps|َ}}
{{lang|ps|ه}}}}

|a

|cat

{{big|{{IPAlink|ɑ}}}}

|{{center|{{lang|ps|آ}}
{{lang|ps|َا}}}}

|ā

|father

{{big|{{IPAlink|e}}}}

|{{center|{{lang|ps|ې}}}}

|e

|egg

{{big|{{IPAlink|ə}}}}

|{{center|{{lang|ps|ٙ}}
{{lang|ps|ۀ}}}}

|ə

|comma

{{big|{{IPAlink|ɪ}}}}

|{{center|{{lang|ps|ِ}}}}

|i

|it

{{big|{{IPAlink|i}}}}

|{{center|{{lang|ps|ِي}}}}

|i, ī

|eat

{{big|{{IPAlink|o}}}}

|{{center|{{lang|ps|و}}}}

|o

|story

{{big|{{IPAlink|ʊ}}}}

|{{center|{{lang|ps|ُ}}}}

|u

|cool

{{big|{{IPAlink|u}}}}

|{{center|{{lang|ps|ُو}}}}

|u, ū

|put

class="wikitable"

|+Diphthongs

!IPA

!Letter

!Usual romanization

!English approximation

{{big|{{IPA|ai}}}}

|{{center|{{lang|ps|َی}}}}

|ay

|ice

{{big|{{IPA|ɑi}}}}

|{{center|{{lang|ps|آی}}
{{lang|ps|َای}}}}

|āy

|ice

{{big|{{IPA|əi}}}}

|{{center|{{lang|ps|ٙۍ}}
{{lang|ps|ٙئ}}}}

|əy

|face

{{big|{{IPA|aw}}}}

|{{center|{{lang|ps|َو}}}}

|aw

|loud

{{big|{{IPA|ɑw}}}}

|{{center|{{lang|ps|آو}}
{{lang|ps|َاو}}}}

|āw

|loud

{{big|{{IPA|oɪ}}}}

|{{center|{{lang|ps|وی}}}}

|oy

|boy

{{big|{{IPA|uɪ}}}}

|{{center|{{lang|ps|ُوی}}}}

|uy

|booyah; Gruyère

class="wikitable"

|+Stress

!IPA

!Usual romanization

!English approximation

{{IPAlink|ˈ}}

|´

|about

|}

See also

  • {{clc|Pages with Pashto IPA|pages}}

{{IPA keys}}