Help:IPA/Tagalog

The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents pronunciation for the Tagalog language in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see Template:IPA and {{section link|Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation#Entering IPA characters}}.

See Tagalog phonology for a more thorough look at the sounds of Tagalog.

style="background:none;" \| style="vertical-align: top;" \| {\| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em; text-align: left;" ! colspan="3" \| Consonants
IPA ! Examples ! English approximation
style="text-align:center;" \| {{IPA link\|ʔ}} \| akdâ {{IPA\|[akˈdaʔ]}} \| the catch in uh-oh
style="text-align:center;" \| {{IPA link\|b}} \| bagay, Cavite, \| best
style="text-align:center;" \| {{IPA link\|d}} \| daw \| do
style="text-align:center;" \| {{IPA link\|dʒ}} \| diyan; udyók; jet \| joy
style="text-align:center;" \| {{IPA link\|ɡ}} \| gatas; Guimaras \| gold
style="text-align:center;" \| {{IPA link\|h}} \| hawak; Ecija; Geronimo; Sergio \| heat
style="text-align:center;" \| {{IPA link\|j}} \| yupî \| you, boy
style="text-align:center;" \| {{IPA link\|k}} \| Bulacan, keso, Quezon \| scan{{IPA\|/k/}}, {{IPA\|/p/}} and {{IPA\|/t/}} are never aspirated, unlike in English; the situation is the same with Romance languages & other Austronesian languages.
style="text-align:center;" \| {{IPA link\|l}} \| bakal, ulo \| lamb
style="text-align:center;" \| {{IPA link\|m}} \| madre \| mate
style="text-align:center;" \| {{IPA link\|n}} \| nasa, asín \| need
style="text-align:center;" \| {{IPA link\|ŋ}} \| ngipin, mangga \| wing, singerThe {{angbr\|ng}} cluster in Tagalog is treated as a singular phoneme, being a singular Baybayin character. The medial "ng" sound in other languages such as linger are spelled as the cluster "ngg". Outside the country, both spelling patterns are also observed in the Romanization of Korean.
style="text-align:center;" \| {{IPA link\|ɲ}} \| anyô, niya, El Niño \| canyon
style="text-align:center;" \| {{IPA link\|p}} \| piso \| span
style="text-align:center;" \| {{IPA link\|ɾ}}The {{IPA\|/r/}} phoneme is generally an alveolar rhotic that varies freely between {{IPAblink\|ɾ}}, {{IPAblink\|r}} and {{IPAblink\|ɹ}}, and it exists as a distinct phoneme mostly in loanwords. \| marami, parte \| North American, Australian atomFor native words, {{IPA\|/ɾ/}} is normally a flapped form of {{IPA\|/d/}}. The two phonemes were separated with the introduction of the Latin script during the Spanish era.
style="text-align:center;" \| {{IPA link\|s}} \| sugat, Nueva Vizcaya \| skew
style="text-align:center;" \| {{IPA link\|ʃ}} \| okasyon, siyempre, shorts \| shine
style="text-align:center;" \| {{IPA link\|t}} \| tamís, tarantado \| stand
style="text-align:center;" \| {{IPA link\|ts}} \| tatsulok, pizza \| catsSome local speakers read ts as /tʃ/ except for tatsulok.
style="text-align:center;" \| {{IPA link\|tʃ}} \| mechado, tiyák; kutyà, kutsara \| chew
style="text-align:center;" \| {{IPA link\|w}} \| lawak, bawal \| wait
colspan="3" \| Regional and marginal consonants
style="text-align:center;" \| {{IPA link\|f}} \| Filipino, ref \| four{{IPA\|/f/}} and {{IPA\|/v/}} are usually pronounced by younger speakers, who tend to have English-leaning pronunciations. Others would replace for these phonemes with {{IPA\|/p/}} and {{IPA\|/b/}}, respectively, in a fashion similar to fortition.
style="text-align:center;" \| {{IPA link\|ɣ}} \| sige \| Spanish amigo
style="text-align:center;" \| {{IPA link\|r}} \| Rajah, ragasâ, ramdam, Salvador, Ormoc \| Spanish terremoto
style="text-align:center;" \| {{IPA link\|ɹ}} \| kard, nars \| red
style="text-align:center;" \| {{IPA link\|v}} \| van, David \| vase
style="text-align:center;" \| {{IPA link\|x}} \| yakap \| Scottish English loch
style="text-align:center;" \| {{IPA link\|z}}{{IPA\|/z/}} is sometimes an allophone of {{IPA\|/s/}} before voiced consonants like in Spanish, but in Tagalog, it also sometimes happens after voiced consonants. \|zigzag \| zebra

style="background:none;"

| style="vertical-align: top;" |

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em; text-align: left;"

! colspan="3" | Consonants

IPA

! Examples

! English approximation

style="text-align:center;" | {{IPA link|ʔ}}

| akdâ {{IPA|[akˈdaʔ]}}

| the catch in uh-oh

style="text-align:center;" | {{IPA link|b}}

| bagay, Cavite,

| best

style="text-align:center;" | {{IPA link|d}}

| daw

| do

style="text-align:center;" | {{IPA link|dʒ}}

| diyan; udyók; jet

| joy

style="text-align:center;" | {{IPA link|ɡ}}

| gatas; Guimaras

| gold

style="text-align:center;" | {{IPA link|h}}

| hawak; Ecija; Geronimo; Sergio

| heat

style="text-align:center;" | {{IPA link|j}}

| yupî

| you, boy

style="text-align:center;" | {{IPA link|k}}

| Bulacan, keso, Quezon

| scan{{IPA|/k/}}, {{IPA|/p/}} and {{IPA|/t/}} are never aspirated, unlike in English; the situation is the same with Romance languages & other Austronesian languages.

style="text-align:center;" | {{IPA link|l}}

| bakal, ulo

| lamb

style="text-align:center;" | {{IPA link|m}}

| madre

| mate

style="text-align:center;" | {{IPA link|n}}

| nasa, asín

| need

style="text-align:center;" | {{IPA link|ŋ}}

| ngipin, mangga

| wing, singerThe {{angbr|ng}} cluster in Tagalog is treated as a singular phoneme, being a singular Baybayin character. The medial "ng" sound in other languages such as linger are spelled as the cluster "ngg". Outside the country, both spelling patterns are also observed in the Romanization of Korean.

style="text-align:center;" | {{IPA link|ɲ}}

| anyô, niya, El Niño

| canyon

style="text-align:center;" | {{IPA link|p}}

| piso

| span

style="text-align:center;" | {{IPA link|ɾ}}The {{IPA|/r/}} phoneme is generally an alveolar rhotic that varies freely between {{IPAblink|ɾ}}, {{IPAblink|r}} and {{IPAblink|ɹ}}, and it exists as a distinct phoneme mostly in loanwords.

| marami, parte

| North American, Australian atomFor native words, {{IPA|/ɾ/}} is normally a flapped form of {{IPA|/d/}}. The two phonemes were separated with the introduction of the Latin script during the Spanish era.

style="text-align:center;" | {{IPA link|s}}

| sugat, Nueva Vizcaya

| skew

style="text-align:center;" | {{IPA link|ʃ}}

| okasyon, siyempre, shorts

| shine

style="text-align:center;" | {{IPA link|t}}

| tamís, tarantado

| stand

style="text-align:center;" | {{IPA link|ts}}

| tatsulok, pizza

| catsSome local speakers read ts as /tʃ/ except for tatsulok.

style="text-align:center;" | {{IPA link|tʃ}}

| mechado, tiyák; kutyà, kutsara

| chew

style="text-align:center;" | {{IPA link|w}}

| lawak, bawal

| wait

colspan="3" | Regional and marginal consonants

style="text-align:center;" | {{IPA link|f}}

| Filipino, ref

| four{{IPA|/f/}} and {{IPA|/v/}} are usually pronounced by younger speakers, who tend to have English-leaning pronunciations. Others would replace for these phonemes with {{IPA|/p/}} and {{IPA|/b/}}, respectively, in a fashion similar to fortition.

style="text-align:center;" | {{IPA link|ɣ}}

| sige

| Spanish amigo

style="text-align:center;" | {{IPA link|r}}

| Rajah, ragasâ, ramdam, Salvador, Ormoc

| Spanish terremoto

style="text-align:center;" | {{IPA link|ɹ}}

| kard, nars

| red

style="text-align:center;" | {{IPA link|v}}

| van, David

| vase

style="text-align:center;" | {{IPA link|x}}

| yakap

| Scottish English loch

style="text-align:center;" | {{IPA link|z}}{{IPA|/z/}} is sometimes an allophone of {{IPA|/s/}} before voiced consonants like in Spanish, but in Tagalog, it also sometimes happens after voiced consonants.

|zigzag

| zebra

| style="vertical-align: top;" |

class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em; text-align: center;" ! colspan="3" \| Vowels
IPA ! Examples ! English approximation
style="text-align:center;" \| {{IPA link\|ä\|a}} \| batok \| cat or father{{IPA\|/a/}} is normally pronounced as a central vowel {{IPA\|[ä]}}, which is between English cat and father. However, the front variant {{IPA\|[a]}}, which is closer to cat may also be used.
style="text-align:center;" \| {{IPA link\|ɐ}} \| tansô \| nut{{IPA\|/a/}} is relaxed to {{IPAblink\|ɐ}} in unstressed positions and also occasionally in stressed positions in words such as (Inang Bayan {{IPA\|[iˈnɐŋ ˈbɐjɐn]}}); in most situations, {{IPA\|/a/}} is relaxed to {{IPAblink\|ɐ}} in unstressed final syllables across word boundaries.
style="text-align:center;" \| {{IPA link\|ɛ}} \| heto, Emong \| set{{IPA\|[ɛ]}} usually exists in slow or formal speech and may become a mid {{IPA\|[ɛ̝]}} or close mid {{IPA\|[e]}} in normal speech.
style="text-align:center;" \| {{IPA link\|e}} \| eh, mayroon, bakit, ngipin, daliri \| GA hand{{IPA\|[e, o]}} are allophones of {{IPA\|/i, u/}} in final syllables, but they are distinct phonemes in some native words and English and Spanish loanwords., lake
style="text-align:center;" \| {{IPA link\|ɪ}} \| iták, depende \| sit{{IPA\|[ɪ, ʊ]}} are allophones of {{IPA\|/i, u/}} and sometimes {{IPA\|/e, o/}} (the latter for English and Spanish loanwords) in unstressed initial and medial syllables. See Tagalog phonology#Vowels and semivowels.
style="text-align:center;" \| {{IPA link\|i}} \| sinat, ngipin \| see
style="text-align:center;" \| {{IPA link\|ɔ}}An allophone of {{IPA\|[o]}} used in stressed syllables or interjections. \| opo \| off
style="text-align:center;" \| {{IPA link\|o̞\|o}} \| yero, katotohanan, pusò \| story
style="text-align:center;" \| {{IPA link\|ʊ}} \| ulól \| foot
style="text-align:center;" \| {{IPA link\|u}} \| putik; podér \| fool
colspan="3" \| Diphthongs
style="text-align:center;" \| {{IPA\|aɪ}} \| tatay \| iceSometimes replaced by {{IPA\|[eː]}} in casual speech.
style="text-align:center;" \| {{IPA\|aʊ}} \| sayaw \| out
style="text-align:center;" \| {{IPA\|ea}} \| teatro \| Beatrice
style="text-align:center;" \| {{IPA\|eɪ}} \| Rey, karit,Occurs mostly in Batangas accent. gigil \| pay
style="text-align:center;" \| {{IPA\|eɔ}} \| leon \| payoff
style="text-align:center;" \| {{IPA\|ɪʊ}} \| paksiw, sisiw \| seawall
style="text-align:center;" \| {{IPA\|oɪ}} \| langoy \| boy
style="text-align:center;" \| {{IPA\|oʊ}} \| limot \| sole
colspan="3" \| Marginal vowels
style="text-align:center;" \| {{IPA link\|ɚ}} \| sir, kompyuter \| North American herOccurs only in loanwords.

class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em; text-align: center;"

! colspan="3" | Vowels

IPA

! Examples

! English approximation

style="text-align:center;" | {{IPA link|ä|a}}

| batok

| cat or father{{IPA|/a/}} is normally pronounced as a central vowel {{IPA|[ä]}}, which is between English cat and father. However, the front variant {{IPA|[a]}}, which is closer to cat may also be used.

style="text-align:center;" | {{IPA link|ɐ}}

| tansô

| nut{{IPA|/a/}} is relaxed to {{IPAblink|ɐ}} in unstressed positions and also occasionally in stressed positions in words such as (Inang Bayan {{IPA|[iˈnɐŋ ˈbɐjɐn]}}); in most situations, {{IPA|/a/}} is relaxed to {{IPAblink|ɐ}} in unstressed final syllables across word boundaries.

style="text-align:center;" | {{IPA link|ɛ}}

| heto, Emong

| set{{IPA|[ɛ]}} usually exists in slow or formal speech and may become a mid {{IPA|[ɛ̝]}} or close mid {{IPA|[e]}} in normal speech.

style="text-align:center;" | {{IPA link|e}}

| eh, mayroon, bakit, ngipin, daliri

| GA hand{{IPA|[e, o]}} are allophones of {{IPA|/i, u/}} in final syllables, but they are distinct phonemes in some native words and English and Spanish loanwords., lake

style="text-align:center;" | {{IPA link|ɪ}}

| iták, depende

| sit{{IPA|[ɪ, ʊ]}} are allophones of {{IPA|/i, u/}} and sometimes {{IPA|/e, o/}} (the latter for English and Spanish loanwords) in unstressed initial and medial syllables. See Tagalog phonology#Vowels and semivowels.

style="text-align:center;" | {{IPA link|i}}

| sinat, ngipin

| see

style="text-align:center;" | {{IPA link|ɔ}}An allophone of {{IPA|[o]}} used in stressed syllables or interjections.

| opo

| off

style="text-align:center;" | {{IPA link|o̞|o}}

| yero, katotohanan, pusò

| story

style="text-align:center;" | {{IPA link|ʊ}}

| ulól

| foot

style="text-align:center;" | {{IPA link|u}}

| putik; podér

| fool

colspan="3" | Diphthongs

style="text-align:center;" | {{IPA|aɪ}}

| tatay

| iceSometimes replaced by {{IPA|[eː]}} in casual speech.

style="text-align:center;" | {{IPA|aʊ}}

| sayaw

| out

style="text-align:center;" | {{IPA|ea}}

| teatro

| Beatrice

style="text-align:center;" | {{IPA|eɪ}}

| Rey, karit,Occurs mostly in Batangas accent. gigil

| pay

style="text-align:center;" | {{IPA|eɔ}}

| leon

| payoff

style="text-align:center;" | {{IPA|ɪʊ}}

| paksiw, sisiw

| seawall

style="text-align:center;" | {{IPA|oɪ}}

| langoy

| boy

style="text-align:center;" | {{IPA|oʊ}}

| limot

| sole

colspan="3" | Marginal vowels

style="text-align:center;" | {{IPA link|ɚ}}

| sir, kompyuter

| North American herOccurs only in loanwords.

class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em; text-align: center;" ! colspan=3 \| Other symbols used in transcription of Tagalog pronunciation
IPA	Explanation
style="text-align:center;" \| {{IPA\|ˈ}} \| Primary stress (placed before the stressed syllable): tayô {{IPA\|[taˈjoʔ]}} 'to stand', táyo {{IPA\|[ˈtajo]}} 'we'

class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em; text-align: center;"

! colspan=3 | Other symbols used in transcription of Tagalog pronunciation

IPA

Explanation

style="text-align:center;" | {{IPA|ˈ}}

| Primary stress (placed before the stressed syllable):
tayô {{IPA|[taˈjoʔ]}} 'to stand', táyo {{IPA|[ˈtajo]}} 'we'

Help:IPA/Tagalog

Notes

See also