Help:IPA/Turkmen

The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents the Turkmen language pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see Template:IPA and {{section link|Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation#Entering IPA characters}}.

style="vertical-align:top;" \| {\| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" \|+
IPA ! Orthography ! English approximation
{{IPAlink\|b}} \| b \| style="text-align: left;" \| about
{{IPAlink\|d̪\|d}} \| d \| style="text-align: left;" \| ado
{{IPAlink\|dʒ}} \| j \| style="text-align: left;" \| jump
{{IPAlink\|ð}} \| z \| style="text-align: left;" \| then
{{IPAlink\|ɸ}} \| f \| style="text-align: left;" \| phew; or somewhat like food
{{IPAlink\|ɡ}}{{IPAblink\|k}}~{{IPAblink\|q}} and {{IPAblink\|ɡ}}~{{IPAblink\|ɢ}}, {{IPAblink\|l}}~{{IPAblink\|ɫ}} only contrast in loan words before back vowels; in native words, {{IPA\|[k, ɡ, l]}} occur before the front vowels ({{IPAslink\|ɛ}}, {{IPAslink\|i}}, {{IPAslink\|œ}}, {{IPAslink\|ʏ}}), while {{IPA\|[q, ɢ, ɫ]}} occur before the back vowels ({{IPAslink\|ɑ}}, {{IPAslink\|o}}, {{IPAslink\|ʊ}}, {{IPAslink\|ɯ}}). \| rowspan="3" \| g \| style="text-align: left;" \| ago
{{IPAlink\|ɢ}} \| style="text-align: left;" \| AuE gaudy
{{IPAlink\|ɣ}}{{IPAblink\|ɡ}} becomes {{IPAblink\|ɣ}} word-finally, intervocalically, and after obstruents and taps. \| style="text-align: left;" \| Uzbek gʻ
{{IPAlink\|h}} \| h{{IPAblink\|h}} occurs before front vowels ({{IPAslink\|ɛ}}, {{IPAslink\|ɪ}}, {{IPAslink\|œ}}, {{IPAslink\|æ}}, and {{IPAslink\|ʏ}}) while {{IPAblink\|x}} occurs before back vowels ({{IPAslink\|ɑ}}, {{IPAslink\|o}}, {{IPAslink\|ʊ}}, {{IPAslink\|ɯ}}). \| style="text-align: left;" \| home
{{IPAlink\|j}} \| ý \| style="text-align: left;" \| yet
{{IPAlink\|k}} \| k \| style="text-align: left;" \| score
{{IPAlink\|l}} \| l \| style="text-align: left;" \| late
{{IPAlink\|ɫ}} \| l In {{cite book \|last=Schöning \|first=Claus \|chapter=Turkmen \|title=The Turkic Languages \|editor-first=Lars \|editor-last=Johanson \|editor2-first=Éva Á. \|editor2-last=Csató \|location=London \|publisher=Routledge \|year=1998 \|page=262 \|isbn=0-415-08200-5 }} \| style="text-align: left;" \| peel ("dark L")
{{IPAlink\|m}} \| m \| style="text-align: left;" \| much
{{IPAlink\|n}} \| n \| style="text-align: left;" \| not
{{IPAlink\|ŋ}} \| ň \| style="text-align: left;" \| wing
{{IPAlink\|p}} \| p \| style="text-align: left;" \| span
{{IPAlink\|q}} \| k \| style="text-align: left;" \| k in the throat
{{IPAlink\|ɾ}} \| r \| style="text-align: left;" \| AmE atom
{{IPAlink\|ʃ}} \| ş \| style="text-align: left;" \| shoe
{{IPAlink\|t̪\|t}} \| t \| style="text-align: left;" \| stable
{{IPAlink\|ts}} \|tsOnly found in Russian loanwords. In {{cite book \|last=Schöning \|first=Claus \|chapter=Turkmen \|title=The Turkic Languages \|editor-first=Lars \|editor-last=Johanson \|editor2-first=Éva Á. \|editor2-last=Csató \|location=London \|publisher=Routledge \|year=1998 \|page=261 \|isbn=0-415-08200-5 }} \| style="text-align: left;" \| bits
{{IPAlink\|tʃ}} \| ç \| style="text-align: left;" \| change
{{IPAlink\|θ}} \| s \| style="text-align: left;" \| think
{{IPAlink\|β}} \| w \| style="text-align: left;" \| like vase, but with both lips
{{IPAlink\|x}} \| h \| style="text-align: left;" \| loch
{{IPAlink\|ʒ}} \| ž \| style="text-align: left;" \| leisure

style="vertical-align:top;" |

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"

IPA

! Orthography

! English
approximation

| b

| style="text-align: left;" | about

| d

| style="text-align: left;" | ado

| j

| style="text-align: left;" | jump

| z

| style="text-align: left;" | then

| f

| style="text-align: left;" | phew; or somewhat like food

{{IPAlink|ɡ}}{{IPAblink|k}}~{{IPAblink|q}} and {{IPAblink|ɡ}}~{{IPAblink|ɢ}}, {{IPAblink|l}}~{{IPAblink|ɫ}} only contrast in loan words before back vowels; in native words, {{IPA|[k, ɡ, l]}} occur before the front vowels ({{IPAslink|ɛ}}, {{IPAslink|i}}, {{IPAslink|œ}}, {{IPAslink|ʏ}}), while {{IPA|[q, ɢ, ɫ]}} occur before the back vowels ({{IPAslink|ɑ}}, {{IPAslink|o}}, {{IPAslink|ʊ}}, {{IPAslink|ɯ}}).

| rowspan="3" | g

| style="text-align: left;" | ago

| style="text-align: left;" | AuE gaudy

{{IPAlink|ɣ}}{{IPAblink|ɡ}} becomes {{IPAblink|ɣ}} word-finally, intervocalically, and after obstruents and taps.

| style="text-align: left;" | Uzbek gʻ

| h{{IPAblink|h}} occurs before front vowels ({{IPAslink|ɛ}}, {{IPAslink|ɪ}}, {{IPAslink|œ}}, {{IPAslink|æ}}, and {{IPAslink|ʏ}}) while {{IPAblink|x}} occurs before back vowels ({{IPAslink|ɑ}}, {{IPAslink|o}}, {{IPAslink|ʊ}}, {{IPAslink|ɯ}}).

| style="text-align: left;" | home

| ý

| style="text-align: left;" | yet

| k

| style="text-align: left;" | score

| l

| style="text-align: left;" | late

| l In {{cite book |last=Schöning |first=Claus |chapter=Turkmen |title=The Turkic Languages |editor-first=Lars |editor-last=Johanson |editor2-first=Éva Á. |editor2-last=Csató |location=London |publisher=Routledge |year=1998 |page=262 |isbn=0-415-08200-5 }}

| style="text-align: left;" | peel ("dark L")

| m

| style="text-align: left;" | much

| n

| style="text-align: left;" | not

| ň

| style="text-align: left;" | wing

| p

| style="text-align: left;" | span

| k

| style="text-align: left;" | k in the throat

| r

| style="text-align: left;" | AmE atom

| ş

| style="text-align: left;" | shoe

| t

| style="text-align: left;" | stable

|tsOnly found in Russian loanwords. In {{cite book |last=Schöning |first=Claus |chapter=Turkmen |title=The Turkic Languages |editor-first=Lars |editor-last=Johanson |editor2-first=Éva Á. |editor2-last=Csató |location=London |publisher=Routledge |year=1998 |page=261 |isbn=0-415-08200-5 }}

| style="text-align: left;" | bits

| ç

| style="text-align: left;" | change

| s

| style="text-align: left;" | think

| w

| style="text-align: left;" | like vase, but with both lips

| h

| style="text-align: left;" | loch

| ž

| style="text-align: left;" | leisure

| style="padding-left: 1em; vertical-align:top;" |

class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" \|+ Vowels
IPA ! Orthography ! English approximation
{{IPAlink\|ɑ}} \| a \| style="text-align: left;" \| father
{{IPAlink\|æː}} \| ä \| style="text-align: left;" \| somewhat like hair
{{IPAlink\|ɛ}} \| e \| style="text-align: left;" \| bed
{{IPAlink\|ɪ}} \| i \| style="text-align: left;" \| sick
{{IPAlink\|o}} \| o \| style="text-align: left;" \| story
{{IPAlink\|œ}} \| ö \| style="text-align: left;" \| somewhat like bird
{{IPAlink\|ʊ}} \| u \| style="text-align: left;" \| wood
{{IPAlink\|ɯ}} \|y \| style="text-align: left;" \| somewhat like roses, Chinese shi, or Japanese unchi
{{IPAlink\|ʏ}} \| ü \| style="text-align: left;" \| somewhat like cute
{{IPAlink\|ʏː}} \| üý \| style="text-align: left;" \| somewhat like cued

class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"

|+ Vowels

IPA

! Orthography

! English
approximation

| a

| style="text-align: left;" | father

| ä

| style="text-align: left;" | somewhat like hair

| e

| style="text-align: left;" | bed

| i

| style="text-align: left;" | sick

| o

| style="text-align: left;" | story

| ö

| style="text-align: left;" | somewhat like bird

| u

| style="text-align: left;" | wood

| style="text-align: left;" | somewhat like roses, Chinese shi, or Japanese unchi

| ü

| style="text-align: left;" | somewhat like cute

| üý

| style="text-align: left;" | somewhat like cued

class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" \|+ Suprasegmentals
IPA ! colspan="2" \| Examples
{{IPAlink\|ˈ}} \| colspan="2" \| Ahalteke {{IPA\|[axaɫteˈke]}}
{{IPAlink\|ː}} \| colspan="2" \| ot {{IPA\|[ot]}} 'grass' ot {{IPA\|[oːt]}} 'fire'

class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"

|+ Suprasegmentals

IPA

! colspan="2" | Examples

| colspan="2" | Ahalteke {{IPA|[axaɫteˈke]}}

| colspan="2" | ot {{IPA|[ot]}} 'grass'
ot {{IPA|[oːt]}} 'fire'

Help:IPA/Turkmen

Notes

See also