Help:IPA/West Frisian

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! colspan="3" | Consonants

| {{lang|fy|bak}} {{IPA|[bak]}}, {{lang|fy|opdwaan}} {{IPA|[ˈobdvaːn]}}The syllable-final (and also word-final) voiceless obstruents {{IPA|[p, t, k, f, s, χ]}} are voiced to {{IPA|[b, d, ɡ, v, z, ɣ]}} (note that {{IPA|[χ]}} is velar when voiced) when the next syllable (including the next word) begins with a voiced stop and, in case of the fricatives {{IPA|[f, s, χ]}}, also when the next word begins with a vowel ({{Harvcoltxt|Tiersma|1999|p=24}}).

| bait

| {{lang|fy|sjonge}} {{IPA|[ˈɕoŋə]}}

| ship, but without labialization and with stronger palatalization

| {{lang|fy|dei}} {{IPA|[dai]}}, {{lang|fy|net dwaan}} {{IPA|[nɛd dvaːn]}}

| duck

| {{lang|fy|skodzje}} {{IPA|[ˈskɔdzjə]}}

| between buds and budge (retracted)

| {{lang|fy|fet}} {{IPA|[fɛt]}}

| feats

| {{lang|fy|gau}} {{IPA|[ɡɔu]}},{{IPA|[ɡ]}} and {{IPA|[ɣ]}} are allophones of a single phoneme {{IPA|/ɣ/}}. The plosive {{IPA|[ɡ]}} appears word-initially and syllable-initially (the latter only when stressed), whereas the fricative {{IPA|[ɣ]}} occurs elsewhere ({{Harvcoltxt|Hoekstra|2001|p=86}}, {{Harvcoltxt|Sipma|1913|pp=15, 17}}). {{lang|fy|ik bin}} {{IPA|[ɪɡ bɪn]}}

| goal

| {{lang|fy|ploege}} {{IPA|[ˈpluːɣə]}}, {{lang|fy|sjoch ien}} {{IPA|[sjoɣ iən]}}

| roughly like go, but without completely
blocking air flow on the g; Spanish amigo

| {{lang|fy|heal}} {{IPA|[hɪəl]}}In most dialects, {{IPA|/h/}} is deleted before {{IPA|[j]}} and {{IPA|[w]}} ({{Harvcoltxt|Tiersma|1999|p=22}}).

| heal

| {{lang|fy|jong}} {{IPA|[joŋ]}}

| yard

| {{lang|fy|kaam}} {{IPA|[kaːm]}}

| school

| {{lang|fy|lang}} {{IPA|[laŋ]}}

| land

| {{lang|fy|leppel}} {{IPA|[ˈlɛpl̩]}}The syllabic nasals {{IPA|[m̩, n̩, ŋ̍]}} are all phonemically {{IPA|/ən/}}, whereas the syllabic {{IPA|[l̩, r̩]}} are phonemically {{IPA|/əl, ər/}}. To read about their exact distribution, see e.g. {{Harvcoltxt|Sipma|1913|p=36}}. The only sonorants that cannot be syllabic are {{IPA|[ʋ, j]}}.

| bottle

| {{lang|fy|man}} {{IPA|[mɔn]}}, {{lang|fy|ynbine}} {{IPA|[ˈimbinə]}}Apart from being the phonetic realization of the phonemes {{IPA|/m, ŋ/}}, {{IPA|[m, ŋ]}} occur as allophones of {{IPA|/n/}} before bilabial and velar consonants ({{Harvcoltxt|Tiersma|1999|p=24}}).

| man

| {{lang|fy|iepen}} {{IPA|[ˈiəpm̩]}}

| rhythm

| {{lang|fy|né}} {{IPA|[neː]}}

| neck

| {{lang|fy|tiden}} {{IPA|[ˈtiːdn̩]}}

| suddenly

| {{lang|fy|wenje}} {{IPA|[ˈvɛɲə]}}

| somewhat like canyon

| {{lang|fy|sang}} {{IPA|[saŋ]}}, {{lang|fy|ynkomme}} {{IPA|[ˈiŋkomə]}}

| ring

| {{lang|fy|rekken}} {{IPA|[ˈrɛkŋ̍]}}

| ring, but longer

| {{lang|fy|piip}} {{IPA|[piːp]}}, {{lang|fy|kob}} {{IPA|[kop]}}Word-final {{IPA|/b, d/}} are realized as voiceless {{IPA|[{{IPA link|p}}, {{IPA link|t}}]}} ({{Harvcoltxt|van der Veen|2001|p=104}}). Note, however, that final {{IPA|/b/}} is rare ({{Harvcoltxt|Tiersma|1999|p=21}}), and that in loanwords from Standard Dutch, final {{IPA|/ɣ/}} can also appear, and is also devoiced and retracted to {{IPAblink|χ}}.

| sport

| {{lang|fy|ryk}} {{IPA|[rik]}},{{IPA|/r/}} is silent before other alveolar consonants, i.e. {{IPA|/n, t, d, s, z, l/}} ({{Harvcoltxt|Tiersma|1999|pp=28–29}}, {{Harvcoltxt|Keil|2003|p=8}}). An exception to this rule are recent loanwords from Standard Dutch (e.g. sport), which may or may not be pronounced with {{IPA|[r]}} ({{Harvcoltxt|Tiersma|1999|p=29}}). {{lang|fy|siede}} {{IPA|[ˈsiərə]}}Intervocalic {{angle bracket|d}}, as well as the sequence {{anglebracket|rd}} are often rhotacized to {{IPA|/r/}} ({{Harvcoltxt|Tiersma|1999|p=21}}).

| rowspan="2" | trilled R; similar to water (American English)

| {{lang|fy|eker}} {{IPA|[ˈeːkr̩]}}

| {{lang|fy|sinne}} {{IPA|[ˈsɪnə]}}

| between sip and ship (retracted)

| {{lang|fy|tin}} {{IPA|[tɪn]}}, {{lang|fy|jild}} {{IPA|[jɪlt]}}, {{lang|fy|op dy}} {{IPA|[op ti]}}In various pronouns and function words, the initial {{IPA|/d/}} becomes voiceless {{IPA|[t]}} when a voiceless obstruent ends the preceding word ({{Harvcoltxt|Tiersma|1999|p=24}}).

| stop

| {{lang|fy|tsiis}} {{IPA|[tsiːs]}}

| between cats and catch (retracted)

| {{lang|fy|iver}} {{IPA|[ˈiːvr̩]}},Both {{IPA|[ʋ]}} and {{IPA|[v]}} can be regarded as allophones of a single phoneme {{IPA|/v/}}, though {{IPA|[v]}} is the most common realization. The approximant {{IPA|[ʋ]}} can appear word-initially, whereas the fricative {{IPA|[v]}} occurs elsewhere ({{Harvcoltxt|Keil|2003|p=7}}). {{lang|fy|of bûter}} {{IPA|[ɔv ˈbutər]}},
{{lang|fy|of út}} {{IPA|[ɔv yt]}}

| very

| {{lang|fy|wyn}} {{IPA|[ʋin]}}

| between wine and vine

| {{lang|fy|ljocht}} {{IPA|[ljɔχt]}},Among fricatives, neither the voiced {{IPA|/z/}} nor the voiceless {{IPA|/χ/}} can occur word-initially ({{Harvcoltxt|Sipma|1913|pp=16–17}}). {{lang|fy|Valkenburg}} {{IPA|[ˈfalkəbørχ]}}

| loch (Scottish English)

| {{lang|fy|lêze}} {{IPA|[ˈlɛːzə]}}, {{lang|fy|baas die}} {{IPA|[baːz di]}},
{{lang|fy|is yn}} {{IPA|[ɪz in]}}

| between zone and genre (retracted)

| {{lang|fy|telefyzje}} {{IPA|[teːləˈfiʑə]}}

| genre, but without labialization and with stronger palatalization

| {{lang|fy|stêd}} {{IPA|[ˈstɛːt]}}

| Primary stress, as in deer {{IPA|/ˈdɪər/}}

| {{lang|fy|stedshûs}} {{IPA|[ˌstɛtsˈhuːs]}}

| Secondary stress, as in commandeer
{{IPA|/ˌkɒmənˈdɪər/}}

| {{lang|fy|ynfalle}} {{IPA|[ˈĩfɔlə]}}, {{lang|fy|jûns}} {{IPA|[jũːs]}}

| nasal vowelWhen a sequence of any vowel and {{IPA|/n/}} occurs before any continuant besides {{IPA|/h/}} (that is, {{IPA|/f, v, ʋ, s, z, r, l, j/}}), it is realized as a nasalized vowel. When the following consonant is {{IPA|/s/}}, such a nasalized vowel is also lengthened (but only in stressed syllables ({{Harvcoltxt|Hoekstra|2001|p=86}})), so that e.g. jûns (phonemically {{IPA|/juns/}}) is pronounced {{IPA|[jũːs]}}, whereas prins (phonemically {{IPA|/prɪns/}}) is pronounced {{IPA|[prẽːs]}}. One exception to this lengthening rule is that when a short vowel precedes the sequence {{IPA|/nst/}} in the second person singular verb form (as in winsʋ {{IPA|[vɪ̃st]}}), it is kept short by most speakers ({{Harvcoltxt|Tiersma|1999|p=13}}).

! colspan="3" | Vowels

| {{lang|fy|pak}} {{IPA|[pak]}}

| cap

| {{lang|fy|faak}} {{IPA|[faːk]}}

| father

| {{lang|fy|fet}} {{IPA|[fɛt]}}

| bet

| {{lang|fy|bêd}} {{IPA|[bɛːt]}}

| RP air

| {{lang|fy|reek}} {{IPA|[reːk]}}Even though they pattern with monophthongs, the long close-mid vowels {{IPA|/eː, øː, oː/}} are often realized as narrow closing diphthongs {{IPA|[ei, øy, ou]}} (({{Harvcoltxt|Visser|1997|pp=22–23}}, {{Harvcoltxt|Tiersma|1999|pp=10–11}})).

| face

| {{lang|fy|de}} {{IPA|[də]}}Phonetically, {{IPA|/ə/}} and {{IPA|/ø/}} are quite similar, but the former appears only in unstressed syllables ({{Harvcoltxt|Tiersma|1999|p=11}}).

| about

| {{lang|fy|dyk}} {{IPA|[dik]}}

| teach

| {{lang|fy|tiid}} {{IPA|[tiːt]}}Some speakers merge the long vowels {{IPA|/iː, uː/}} with the centering diphthongs {{IPA|/iə, uə/}} ({{Harvcoltxt|Visser|1997|p=24}}).

| tea

| {{lang|fy|ik}} {{IPA|[ɪk]}}

| sit

| {{lang|fy|top}} {{IPA|[tɔp]}}

| off (short)

| {{lang|fy|rôt}} {{IPA|[rɔːt]}}

| off (long)

| {{lang|fy|op}} {{IPA|[op]}}

| story

| {{lang|fy|rook}} {{IPA|[roːk]}}

| goal

| {{lang|fy|nut}} {{IPA|[nøt]}}

| roughly like hurt

| {{lang|fy|deun}} {{IPA|[døːn]}}Nearly all words with {{IPA|/øː/}} are loanwords from Standard Dutch ({{Harvcoltxt|Visser|1997|p=17}}).

| roughly like a yacht

| {{lang|fy|hoep}} {{IPA|[hup]}}

| full

| {{lang|fy|skoech}} {{IPA|[skuːχ]}}

| fool

| {{lang|fy|slute}} {{IPA|[ˈslytə]}}

| roughly like cute

| {{lang|fy|drúf}} {{IPA|[dryːf]}}

| roughly like cued

| {{lang|fy|laitsje}} {{IPA|[ˈlaitsjə]}}

| right

| {{lang|fy|kaai}} {{IPA|[kaːi]}}

| tie

| {{lang|fy|frij}} {{IPA|[frɛi]}}

| hey

| {{lang|fy|bien}} {{IPA|[biən]}}The falling diphthongs {{IPA|[iə, ɪə, oə, uə]}} alternate with the rising diphthongs {{IPA|[jɪ, jɛ, wa, wo]}} in the phenomenon called breaking. An additional {{IPA|[yə−jø]}} alternation occurs in the word pair sluere−slurkje ({{Harvcoltxt|Booij|1989|p=319}}).

| rowspan="2" | RP near

| {{lang|fy|read}} {{IPA|[rɪət]}}

| {{lang|fy|ieu}} {{IPA|[iu]}}

| hue

| {{lang|fy|boat}} {{IPA|[boət]}}

| rowspan="2" | NYC caught

| {{lang|fy|goed}} {{IPA|[ɡuət]}}

| {{lang|fy|muoie}} {{IPA|[ˈmwoiə]}}

| choice

| {{lang|fy|moai}} {{IPA|[moːi]}}

| boy

| {{lang|fy|goud}} {{IPA|[ɡɔut]}}

| goal

| {{lang|fy|gleon}} {{IPA|[ɡløən]}}

| roughly like herd

| {{lang|fy|jui}} {{IPA|[jœy]}}

| roughly like a yacht

| {{lang|fy|ploeije}} {{IPA|[ˈpluiə]}}

| booyah; Gruyère

| {{lang|fy|flues}} {{IPA|[flyəs]}}

| roughly like RP cure

| {{lang|fy|hjerst}} {{IPA|[jɛst]}}

| yes

| {{lang|fy|fjild}} {{IPA|[fjɪlt]}}

| roughly like yeast

| {{lang|fy|mjuks}} {{IPA|[mjøks]}}

| roughly like Jurgen

| {{lang|fy|toar}} {{IPA|[twar]}}

| wax

| {{lang|fy|spoen}} {{IPA|[spwon]}}

| water