Henri Blondel
{{Short description|French architect}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Jean Henry Blondel
| image = Blondel, Henri (Panthéon de l'industrie, 1880-05-02).jpg
| caption = Henri Blondel in 1880.
| other names =
| birth_date = 20 January 1821
| birth_place = Reims, Rhine Province, France
| death_date = 14 September 1897
| occupation = Architect
| nationality =
| spouse =
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Jean Henry BlondelThe spelling of "Henry" (as opposed to the usual French language spelling of the name "Henri") come from the record of the registration of his birth in the city of Rheims, and is copied in the citation for his Légion d'honneur award. See Database Léonore|LH/260/49 [https://web.archive.org/web/20160321085842/http://www.culture.gouv.fr/public/mistral/leonore_fr?ACTION=CHERCHER&FIELD_1=COTE&VALUE_1=LH%2F260%2F49]. Note that some (though not all) sources identify his as "Henri Blondel" and not as "Henry Blondel", however. (20 January 1821 – 14 September 1897) was a prolific French architect.
Among his works were the Passage du Bourg l'Abbé entrance on the Rue Palestro (1863),{{cite book|title=One Thousand Buildings of Paris|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6jxCAQAAIAAJ|year=2003|publisher=Black Dog & Leventhal Publishers|isbn=978-1-57912-316-1|page=80}} the La Belle Jardinière store on Rue du Pont-Neuf (1866-7),{{cite book|last1=Pinchon|first1=Jean-François|last2=Châtelet|first2=Anne-Marie|last3=Andia|first3=Béatrice de|title=Autour de l'Opéra: naissance de la ville moderne|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jsVJAQAAIAAJ|year=1995|publisher=Délégation à l'action artistique de la ville de Paris|language=French|page=137|isbn=9782905118813}} Hotel Continental at the corner of Rue de Castiglione and Rue de Rivoli (1876),{{cite book|last=Watkin|first=David|title=Grand hotel: the Golden age of palace hotels : an architectural and social history|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ektUAAAAMAAJ|date=1 October 1984|publisher=Vendome Press|isbn=978-0-86565-040-4|page=18}} the Bourse de commerce building (1885-9){{cite book|last=Poisson|first=Michel|title=Façades parisiennes: 1200 immeubles et monuments remarquables de la capitale|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R5QVAQAAIAAJ|year=2006|publisher=Parigramme|language=French|page=385|isbn=9782840964636}} and the Rue du Louvre building at 15 Rue du Louvre (1889).{{cite book|last=Farcy|first=Elisabeth |title=The Louvre|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XLEWAQAAMAAJ|year=1995|publisher=Alfred A. Knopf|isbn=978-0-679-76452-6|page=285}}
Biography
Blondel was born in Rheims early in 1821, during the period of economic hardships that followed the Napoleonic Wars. He was a pupil at the School of Arts and Crafts (École des arts et métiers) as it was then known) in nearby Châlons-sur-Marne, before moving to Paris where he embarked on an apprenticeship under Auguste Caristie.{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MPashPJHOTAC&q=Blondel+Reims+1821&pg=PA274|title=Blondel, Herni (Reims 1821 - 1897)|author= Béatrice Bouvier|work=L'édition d'architecture à Paris au XIXe siècle: les maisons bance et morel et la presse architecturale|publisher=Librairie Droz|date=20 December 2003|isbn=978-2600008792}}
He continued his training period, working for the architect François Rolland (1806-1888), and then went on to work for Henri Labrouste (1801-1875) before establishing his own architecture practice around 1855. Blondel was able to profit from the massive redevelopment of central Paris instigated by the emperor Napoleon III, and masterminded at more a detailed level by the Baron Haussmann. The new broad streets and avenues called for the construction of many new buildings, featuring the artistic-heroic style of the Second Empire. Blondel had a long association with banker Armand Donon, with whom he was involved in numerous real estate developments.{{cite web |website=EHNE Digital Encyclopedia of European History |title=Architecture and real estate speculation during the second half of the nineteenth century |author=Elsa Jamet |url=https://ehne.fr/en/encyclopedia/themes/arts-in-europe/space-city-and-territory/architecture-and-real-estate-speculation-during-second-half-nineteenth-century |year=2020}}
He would construct numerous edifices along the new avenues, notably the Boulevard de Sébastopol, the Boulevard Saint-Michel, the Boulevard Saint-Germain and around the Place du Théâtre-Français (as the Place André-Malraux before 1977), often involving a system of block concessions wherein he participated in partnership with his finance providers, the "father and son" Heullant company. A surviving trace of these block concessions can be found in the Journal des débats (newspaper) of 8 July 1868 which includes the list of real estate transactions for Paris,Xavier Bezançon, Les services publics en France. De la Révolution à la Première Guerre mondiale, pp. 137-152, Presses de l'école des ponts et chaussées, Paris, 1997, {{ISBN|2-85978-286-9}} together with the relevant title deeds lodged with the Crédit Foncier de France (national mortgage institution) having a total value of 398 million francs.{{cite web|url=http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k456927s|title=Etats à l'appui du projet de loi ayant pour objet d'approuver le traité passé entre la Ville de Paris et la société du Crédit foncier de France ...|publisher=Journal des débats politiques et littéraires|date=8 July 1868}}
On 29 July 1895 Blondel was condemned for bankruptcy by a local court, in respect of indebtedness totalling slightly more than 25 million francs.{{cite journal|journal=Journal des débats politiques et littéraires|title=Bulletin judiciaire .... l'architecte Blondel|page=3|date=30 July 1895|url=http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k4679292/f3.image.r=Blondel.langFR}}{{cite web|publisher=L'Express du Midi|url=http://images.expressdumidi.bibliotheque.toulouse.fr/1895/B315556101_EXPRESS_1895_07_31.pdf|title=Petites nouvelles|date=31 July 1895|volume=1238|page=2|access-date=26 September 2015|archive-date=14 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714235105/http://images.expressdumidi.bibliotheque.toulouse.fr/1895/B315556101_EXPRESS_1895_07_31.pdf|url-status=dead}}
Awards and honours
References
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