Heonjong of Joseon

{{Infobox royalty

| name = Heonjong
{{lang|ko|헌종}}
{{lang|ko|憲宗}}

| succession = King of Joseon

| image = File:A rough sketch of Heonjong.png

| caption = Portrait of King Heonjong

| reign = 13 December 1834 – 25 July 1849

| reign-type = Reign

| coronation =

| cor-type = Enthronement

| predecessor = Sunjo

| regent = Royal Queen Dowager Myeonggyeong (1834–1841)

| successor = Cheoljong

| spouse = {{plainlist|

{{marriage|Queen Hyohyeon|1837|1843|end=d}}
{{marriage|Queen Hyojeong|1844|1849}}

}}

| spouse-type = Spouse(s)

| issue = 1 daughter

| full name = Yi Hwan ({{Korean|hangul=이환|hanja=李烉|labels=no}})

| dynasty = Yi

| posthumous name = Joseon: King Gyeongmun Wimu Myeongin Cheolhyo the Great ({{Korean|hangul=경문위무명인철효대왕|hanja=經文緯武明仁哲孝大王|labels=no}})

| temple name = Heonjong ({{Korean|hangul=헌종|hanja=憲宗|labels=no}})

| house = Jeonju Yi

| house-type = Clan

| father = Munjo of Joseon

| mother = Queen Sinjeong

| birth_date = 8 September 1827

| birth_place = Gyeongchunjeon Hall, Changdeokgung, Hanseong, Joseon

| death_date = {{death date and age|1849|7|25|1827|9|8|df=yes}}

| death_place = Junghuidang Hall, Changdeokgung, Hanseong, Joseon

| religion = Korean Confucianism {{small|(Neo-Confucianism)}}

| place of burial = Gyeongneung Mausoleum, Dongguneung Cluster, Guri, South Korea

}}

{{Infobox Korean name

|hangul=헌종

|hanja=憲宗

|rr=Heonjong

|mr=Hŏnjong

|hangulborn=이환

|hanjaborn=李烉

|rrborn=I Hwan

|mrborn=I Hwan

|hangulja=문응

|hanjaja=文應

|rrja=Muneung

|mrja=Munŭng

|hanjaho=元軒

|hangulho=원헌

|rrho=Wonheon

|mrho=Wŏnhŏn

|title={{nobold|Korean name}}}}{{Joseon Dynasty monarchs}}

Heonjong ({{Korean|hangul=헌종|hanja=憲宗}}; 8 September 1827 – 25 July 1849), personal name Yi Hwan ({{Korean|hangul=이환|hanja=李烉|labels=no}}), was the 24th monarch of the Joseon dynasty of Korea. His father was Crown Prince Hyomyeong, who died at the age of 20 before becoming king, and his mother was Queen Sinjeong of the Pungyang Jo clan.

Biography

Yi Hwan was born to Crown Princess Jo and Crown Prince Hyomyeong on 8 September 1827 in Gyeongchunjeon ({{Korean|hangul=경춘전|hanja=景春殿|labels=no}}) within Changdeok Palace. It was said that when the day before he was born, she dreamt of giving her son a box containing a tree carved with jade, and on the day of his birth, a group of cranes flew from the front room and went around for a long time. She and the others considered it to be strange.헌종 대왕 행장(行狀)

The young Heonjong ascended to the throne in 1834 at the age of 7 after his grandfather, King Sunjo, died. Heonjong was the youngest monarch to ascend the throne in Joseon's history.{{cite web |last1=Kim |first1=Hyung-eun |title=New life for the palace of sighs |url=https://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/2008/04/06/features/New-life-for-the-palace-of-sighs/2888310.html |website=Korea JoongAng Daily |access-date=13 January 2024}} Like King Sunjo, Heonjong took the throne at a young age and his grandmother, Queen Sunwon served as queen regent. Although King Heonjong ascended to the throne, he had no political control over Joseon. When Heonjong reached adulthood, Queen Sunwon refused to give up control. In 1840, the control over the kingdom was then handed down to the Andong Kim clan, the family of his grandmother Queen Sunwon, following the anti-Catholic Gihae persecution of 1839. During Heonjong's reign, he built the Nakseonjae complex and insisted that his beloved concubine, Kim Gyeong-bin, be given sole use of the complex which was an unprecedented move in Joseon's history.{{cite web |last1=Kim |first1=Hyung-eun |title=New life for the palace of sighs |url=https://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/2008/04/06/features/New-life-for-the-palace-of-sighs/2888310.html |website=Korea JoongAng Daily |access-date=13 January 2024}}

King Heonjong died after reigning for 15 years in 1849 at the age of 21. He was buried at the Gyeongneung tomb within the Donggureung Tomb Cluster in Seoul, where several kings and queens of the Joseon Dynasty were buried, with Queen Hyohyeon and Queen Hyojeong.{{cite web|title=Donggureung Tombs, Gyeonggi, South Korea - 동구릉 (東九陵), 경기 구리시|url=http://www.orientalarchitecture.com/koreasouth/ruralgyonggi/donggureung.php|work=Asian Historical Architecture|access-date=2 September 2013}} As King Heonjong died without an heir, the throne passed to a distant descendant of King Yeongjo, King Cheoljong.

As was customary with the Annals of the Joseon Dynasty, the chronicle of Heonjong's reign was compiled after his death, in 1851. The compilation of the 16-volume chronicle was supervised by Jo In-yeong, her mother's uncle.

Family

Father: King Munjo of Joseon ({{Korean|hangul=조선의 문조|labels=no}}; 18 September 1809 – 25 June 1830)
Grandfather: King Sunjo of Joseon ({{Korean|hangul=조선의 순조|labels=no}}; 29 July 1790 – 13 December 1834)
Grandmother: Queen Sunwon of the Andong Kim clan ({{Korean|hangul=순원왕후 김씨|labels=no}}; 8 June 1789 – 21 September 1857)
Mother: Queen Sinjeong of the Pungyang Jo clan ({{Korean|hangul=신정왕후 조씨|labels=no}}; 21 January 1809 – 4 June 1890)
Grandfather: Jo Man-yeong, Internal Prince Pungeun ({{Korean|hangul=풍은부원군 조만영|labels=no}}; 1776–1846)
Grandmother: Internal Princess Consort Deokan of the Eunjin Song clan ({{Korean|hangul=덕안부부인 은진 송씨|labels=no}}; 1776–1834)

Consort(s) and their respective issue

Queen Hyohyeon of the Andong Kim clan ({{Korean|hangul=효현왕후 김씨|labels=no}}; 27 April 1828 – 18 October 1843)
Queen Hyojeong of the Namyang Hong clan ({{Korean|hangul=효정왕후 홍씨|labels=no}}; 6 March 1831 – 2 January 1904)
Royal Noble Consort Gyeong of the Gwangsan Kim clan ({{Korean|hangul=경빈 김씨|labels=no}}; 27 August 1832 – 21 April 1907)
Royal Noble Consort Jeong of the Haepyeong Yun clan ({{Korean|hangul=정빈 윤씨|labels=no}}; 1827 – ?)
Royal Consort Suk-ui of the Gimhae Kim clan ({{Korean|hangul=숙의 김씨|labels=no}}; January 1814 – 12 November 1895)
First daughter (1848–1848)