Herbert Eaton, 3rd Baron Cheylesmore

{{Infobox military person

|honorific_prefix = Major-General The Right Honourable

|name = The Lord Cheylesmore

|honorific_suffix = {{postnominals|country=GBR|size=100%|GBE|KCMG|KCVO|KStJ}}

|image = Major General the Right Honourable Lord Cheylesmore, Mayor of Westminster.jpg

|alt =

|caption = Cheylesmore in 1906 as mayor of Westminster, by Tennyson Cole

|nickname = Brown

|birth_date = 25 January 1848

|birth_place = London

|disappeared_date =

|disappeared_place =

|death_date =

|death_place = Cottage Hospital, Englefield Green

|death_cause =

|placeofburial =

|allegiance = United Kingdom

|branch = British Army

|serviceyears = 1867–1906
1914–1918

|rank = Major-General

|unit = Grenadier Guards

|commands = 2nd Battalion Grenadier Guards (1890–1894)

|known_for =

|battles = {{Tree list}}

First World War

|awards =

|memorials =

|alma_mater = Eton College

|spouse = {{marriage|Elizabeth French|1892|1925}}

|children = 2

|relations =

|laterwork = Chairman of the National Rifle Association

|signature =

}}

Herbert Francis Eaton, 3rd Baron Cheylesmore (25 January 1848 – 29 July 1925) was a British Army officer, sportsman, and peer. He was Chairman of London County Council, chairman of the National Rifle Association and presided over courts martial during the First World War.

Early life

Eaton was the son of Henry Eaton, 1st Baron Cheylesmore and his wife Charlotte Gorham Harman.{{Cite web|url=http://www.thepeerage.com/p21745.htm|title=Person Page|website=www.thepeerage.com}} His father made money in the silk trade, helped to manage insurance companies, and was MP for Coventry.{{Cite web |url=http://www.leighrayment.com/commons/Ccommons6.htm |title=Leigh Rayment |access-date=24 September 2009 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140924144234/http://www.leighrayment.com/commons/Ccommons6.htm |archive-date=24 September 2014 }} Eaton was educated at Eton in Mr. Warre's house. He was nicknamed "Cheeky Eaton" and rowed bow in the winning Eton House four crew in 1866. He also a marksman and shot for Eton in the Ashburton Shield in 1866.{{Cite web|url=https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/The_Rowers_of_Vanity_Fair/Eaton_HF|title=The Rowers of Vanity Fair/Eaton HF|via= Wikibooks|website=en.wikibooks.org}}

Military career

File:Eaton HF Vanity Fair 1891-10-03.jpg) in Vanity Fair, October 1891

]]

At the age of twenty Eaton joined the Grenadier Guards, and went to Dublin, where he was given the nickname "Brown" by his brother officers. He rowed for the 1st Battalion Grenadier Guards in the 1877 Grand Challenge Cup at Henley Royal Regatta. His father became Baron Cheylesmore of Cheylesmore, in the city of Coventry, co. Warwick in 1887 and had to give up his parliamentary seat. In the ensuing by-election Eaton stood for the seat but failed to be elected by 16 votes. He first appeared in Vanity Fair in 1891 as commander of the 2nd Battalion, Grenadier Guards, which he had "just brought back from a well-deserved, if enforced, holiday in Bermuda. As some curious punishment, the entire battalion had been sent there for a year following 'an act of insubordination.'" While there in 1891, he met Elizabeth Richardson French, daughter of Francis Ormond French of New York and sister of Amos Tuck French, and married her back in London on 14 July 1892.{{Cite web|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1892/07/15/104097758.pdf|title=New York Times 15 July 1892}} Vanity Fair said of him in 1891

"He is a good all-round sportsman who drives his father’s team well; but though a fair shot, he is sometimes a little too eager to get birds. He has thrown himself heart and soul into most things connected with the Brigade; and the Boat Club and Racing Club would miss him as much as he would be missed from an Ascot luncheon. He has commanded the N.R.A. camp at Wimbledon and Bisley for seven years; yet withal he has found time to start and successfully edit The Brigade of Guards Magazine. He is a very good and very popular Colonel."

File:Brunel University Runnymede.jpg

He became Major-General in 1899, and was appointed a Knight of Grace of the Order of St. John (KStJ) in July 1901.{{London Gazette |issue=27330 |date=5 July 1901 |page=4469}}

File:Cheylesmore mausoleum in Highgate Cemetery.jpg]]

Political career

File:Eaton HF Vanity Fair 1912-07-17.jpg in Vanity Fair, July 1912]]

On the death of his brother on 10 July 1902, Eaton succeeded to the title of 3rd Baron Cheylesmore, and he took the oath and made his maiden speech in the House of Lords in November that year.{{Cite newspaper The Times |title=Parliament |date=4 November 1902 |page=4 |issue=36916}}{{Cite web|url=https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/lords/1902/nov/03/the-lord-cheylesmore|date=3 November 1902|title=The Lord Cheylesmore |website=Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)}} He shot for the House of Lords against the Commons in the annual marksmanship competition from 1906.

Cheylesmore was an alderman of Westminster City Council, and Mayor of Westminster for 1905–06. In December 1907, he was appointed a deputy lieutenant of Middlesex.{{London Gazette | issue=28090 |page=8784 | date=17 December 1907}}

On 17 January 1911, Baroness Cheylesmore purchased the Cooper's Hill property at Runnymede, previously used by the Royal Indian Engineering College, for use as a family home.{{Cite web|url=http://www.brunel.ac.uk/about/history/runnymede.bspx|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090707010224/http://www.brunel.ac.uk/about/history/runnymede.bspx|url-status=dead|title=Brunel University – Coopers Hill, Runnymede|archivedate=7 July 2009}}

In April 1912, Cheylesmore became Chairman of London County Council.{{Cite news|title=The County Council And Motor-Omnibuses. Lord Cheylesmore As Chairman. |work=The Times |page=7 |date=3 April 1912 }} In this capacity, he opened the Woolwich foot tunnel on Saturday, 26 October 1912.{{Cite book|url=https://openlibrary.org/books/OL19249993M/Opening_of_Woolwich_footway_tunnel_by_major-general_the_Right_Hon._Lord_Cheylesmore_..._chairman_of_|title=Opening of Woolwich footway tunnel, by major-general the Right Hon. Lord Cheylesmore ... chairman of the council, on Saturday, 26th October, 1912.|first=London County|last=Council|date=6 February 1912|publisher=The Council|ol=19249993M |via=The Open Library}}

First World War and after

At the outbreak of the First World War, Cheylesmore became commandant of a School of Musketry at Bisley Camp, where the ranges were put at the disposal of the Army Council. The school was to train and provide instructors in musketry from those who had passed the age of military service. The School trained some 14,500 officers, NCOs and civilians for service in the Army and Territorial Force.{{Cite web|url=http://beta.exploringsurreyspast.org.uk/GetRecord/SHCOL_6227|title=National Rifle Association, Wimbledon and Bisley: Records, 1861–1993}}

File:Cheylesmore St Cyprians.jpg Cadet Corps after they won the Imperial Challenge Shield in 1917{{Cite web|url=http://archive.org/details/nsillustratedwar08londuoft|title=The Illustrated war news|date=6 February 1914|publisher=London Illustrated London News and Sketch|via=Internet Archive}}]]

Of Cheylesmore it was said "He is never happier than when the boys have their week at Bisley, and he can devote a portion of his well-earned holidays to teaching the young idea to shoot. Loves rifle shooting as much as marksmen like him – which is indeed saying a very great deal. Has done more to advance the "nation of marksmen" ideal than any other nobleman in the country".

During World War I he presided over several courts-martial including that which condemned the spy Carl Hans Lody to death{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pVJLa5jgzQ4C&dq=%22Herbert+Francis+Eaton%22+Cheylesmore&pg=PA132|title=Margaret Baker Discovering London Statues and Monuments|isbn=9780747804956 |last1=Baker |first1=Margaret |year=2002 }} and that of Captain Bowen-Colthurst for the murders of Thomas Dickson, Patrick McIntyre and Francis Sheehy-Skeffington.

Cheylesmore was honoured Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire in June 1925.[http://www.gazettes-online.co.uk/issues/33053/supplements/3774/page.pdf 3774 Supplement to the London Gazette, 3 June 1925] He died a month later aged 77, in a motor accident, the first peer to suffer such a fate in Britain. He was buried in Highgate Cemetery in a grade 2 listed mausoleum designed by the American firm of architects, Carrère and Hastings.{{cite web |title=Mausoleum of Henry Eaton, Lord Cheylesmore in Highgate (Western) Cemetery |url=https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1378885#contributions-banner |website=www.histoicengland.org.uk |access-date=4 April 2021}} The family was desolated and the great ballroom, known as the Pillar Hall at Coopers Hill, which was being built for the coming of age of their heir, was left unfinished. He is commemorated by a monument by Sir Edwin Lutyens in Victoria Embankment Gardens, London. The Cheylesmore Range at Bisley named after him was opened for the 1948 Summer Olympics.

File:Cheylesmore Memorial.JPG by Sir Edwin Lutyens, Victoria Embankment Gardens, London]]

His son Francis Ormond Henry Eaton, 4th Baron Cheylesmore succeeded to the Barony; on the fourth Baron's death in 1985, the Barony became extinct.