Heze

Caozhou was at the center of the Nian Rebellion during the 1850s and 60s.

In August 1949, Heze was detached from Shandong and given to the experimental province of Pingyuan, but was later returned to Shandong just over three years later.

In April 1953, Heze and Jining gained counties from the former prefecture of Huxi after its abolition.

Mudan is the city flower of Heze. The earliest documentary of Mudan is in Classic of Poetry, written almost 3,000 years ago. Mudan is also called the "king of flowers" from the Bencao Gangmu. It is a symbol of honor, peace, wealth, love, aristocracy and feminine beauty. There are 9 types of Mudan based on the colors: red, white, purple, yellow, blue, green, black, pink, and multi-colored.{{Cite web|title=牡丹起源和发展历史变迁 _中国|url=http://www.sohu.com/a/341890539_99983007|access-date=2020-12-06|website=www.sohu.com|language=en}}

Heze has a monsoon-influenced climate that lies between the humid subtropical and humid continental zones (Köppen Cwa/Dwa), with four well-defined seasons. The city is warm and nearly rainless in spring, hot and humid in summer, crisp in autumn and cold and dry in winter. The mean annual temperature is {{convert|14.22|°C|1}}, with the monthly 24-hour average temperature ranging from {{convert|−0.5|°C|1}} in January to {{convert|27.1|°C|1}} in July. Nearly 70% of the annual precipitation occurs from June to September. With monthly percent possible sunshine ranging from 48% in July to 60% in May, the city receives 2,411 hours of bright sunshine annually.{{Cite web |date=2024-06-12 |title=菏泽气候背景分析 |trans-title=Climatological background analysis for Heze |url=http://www.weather.com.cn/cityintro/101121001.shtml |website=Weather China |language=zh}}

At the same time, Heze is also an area prone to meteorological disasters. Droughts and floods are one of them, especially droughts that occur frequently and have a large impact, causing the most serious harm.{{Cite web |title=菏泽市气候特点 - 山东气候 |url=https://sd.weather.com.cn/sdqh/gsqhtd/11/86249.shtml |access-date=2024-11-30 |website=sd.weather.com.cn}}

{{Weather box

|location = Heze, elevation {{convert|51|m|ft|abbr=on}}, (1991–2020 normals)

|width=auto

|metric first=y

|single line=y

|collapsed = Y

|Jan high C = 4.9

|Feb high C = 9.0

|Mar high C = 15.2

|Apr high C = 21.7

|May high C = 27.1

|Jun high C = 31.9

|Jul high C = 32.2

|Aug high C = 30.8

|Sep high C = 27.1

|Oct high C = 21.7

|Nov high C = 13.6

|Dec high C = 6.9

|Jan mean C = 0.0

|Feb mean C = 3.6

|Mar mean C = 9.4

|Apr mean C = 15.7

|May mean C = 21.3

|Jun mean C = 26.1

|Jul mean C = 27.6

|Aug mean C = 26.2

|Sep mean C = 21.6

|Oct mean C = 15.7

|Nov mean C = 8.1

|Dec mean C = 1.8

|Jan low C = -3.6

|Feb low C = -0.5

|Mar low C = 4.8

|Apr low C = 10.6

|May low C = 16.1

|Jun low C = 21.0

|Jul low C = 23.8

|Aug low C = 22.6

|Sep low C = 17.5

|Oct low C = 11.2

|Nov low C = 3.9

|Dec low C = -1.8

|Jan record high C = 18.2

|Feb record high C = 23.2

|Mar record high C = 28.5

|Apr record high C = 33.7

|May record high C = 38.1

|Jun record high C = 42.0

|Jul record high C = 41.8

|Aug record high C = 38.4

|Sep record high C = 36.0

|Oct record high C = 32.7

|Nov record high C = 26.8

|Dec record high C = 20.6

|Jan record low C = −20.4

|Feb record low C = −15.6

|Mar record low C = −11.3

|Apr record low C = −4.4

|May record low C = 3.8

|Jun record low C = 10.2

|Jul record low C = 15.4

|Aug record low C = 12.1

|Sep record low C = 4.8

|Oct record low C = −1.3

|Nov record low C = −12.9

|Dec record low C = −17.5

|precipitation colour = green

|Jan precipitation mm = 6.5

|Feb precipitation mm = 11.9

|Mar precipitation mm = 17.3

|Apr precipitation mm = 32.1

|May precipitation mm = 49.6

|Jun precipitation mm = 62.0

|Jul precipitation mm = 166.7

|Aug precipitation mm = 138.6

|Sep precipitation mm = 74.4

|Oct precipitation mm = 31.6

|Nov precipitation mm = 27.4

|Dec precipitation mm = 8.9

|Jan humidity = 65

|Feb humidity = 61

|Mar humidity = 58

|Apr humidity = 62

|May humidity = 65

|Jun humidity = 64

|Jul humidity = 78

|Aug humidity = 82

|Sep humidity = 77

|Oct humidity = 70

|Nov humidity = 70

|Dec humidity = 67

|unit precipitation days = 0.1 mm

|Jan precipitation days = 3.0

|Feb precipitation days = 3.8

|Mar precipitation days = 3.9

|Apr precipitation days = 4.6

|May precipitation days = 6.4

|Jun precipitation days = 7.6

|Jul precipitation days = 11.4

|Aug precipitation days = 10.5

|Sep precipitation days = 7.4

|Oct precipitation days = 5.4

|Nov precipitation days = 5.3

|Dec precipitation days = 2.9

|year precipitation days =

|Jan sun = 142.0

|Feb sun = 153.6

|Mar sun = 203.4

|Apr sun = 227.7

|May sun = 251.2

|Jun sun = 237.2

|Jul sun = 209.8

|Aug sun = 201.1

|Sep sun = 181.5

|Oct sun = 183.0

|Nov sun = 152.9

|Dec sun = 143.1

|year sun =

| Jan percentsun = 45

| Feb percentsun = 49

| Mar percentsun = 55

| Apr percentsun = 58

| May percentsun = 58

| Jun percentsun = 55

| Jul percentsun = 48

| Aug percentsun = 49

| Sep percentsun = 49

| Oct percentsun = 53

| Nov percentsun = 50

| Dec percentsun = 47

| year percentsun =

|Jan snow days = 3.6

|Feb snow days = 3.1

|Mar snow days = 1.1

|Apr snow days = 0.2

|May snow days = 0

|Jun snow days = 0

|Jul snow days = 0

|Aug snow days = 0

|Sep snow days = 0

|Oct snow days = 0

|Nov snow days = 0.9

|Dec snow days = 2.4

|year snow days =

|source 1 = China Meteorological Administration{{cite web |url=http://data.cma.cn/data/weatherBk.html |script-title=zh:中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data |publisher=China Meteorological Administration |language = zh-hans |access-date=12 August 2023}}

{{cite web|url=https://experience.arcgis.com/template/e724038fda394e9d9b7921f10fd1aa55/page/%E7%BA%AF%E8%A1%A8%E6%A0%BC%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1-(%E5%AF%B9%E6%AF%948110%E5%8F%98%E5%8C%96)/?org=UQmaps |script-title=zh:中国气象数据网|publisher=China Meteorological Administration |language = zh-hans | access-date =12 August 2023 |title=Experience Template }}

{{cite web|url=http://old-cdc.cma.gov.cn/shuju/search1.jsp?dsid=SURF_CLI_CHN_MUL_MMON_19712000_CES&tpcat=SURF&type=table&pageid=3 |script-title=zh:中国地面国际交换站气候标准值月值数据集（1971－2000年）|publisher=China Meteorological Administration |access-date=2010-05-25 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921055035/http://old-cdc.cma.gov.cn/shuju/search1.jsp?dsid=SURF_CLI_CHN_MUL_MMON_19712000_CES&tpcat=SURF&type=table&pageid=3 |archive-date=2013-09-21

}}

}}

The prefecture-level city of Heze administers nine county-level divisions. The municipal executive, legislature and judiciary are in Mudan District ({{lang|zh-hans|牡丹区}}), together with CPC and public security bureaux.

There are two districts, seven counties, and 2 additional development zones:{{Cite web |date=2024-06-12 |title=菏泽区规划 |trans-title=Heze District Planning |url=https://www.stats.gov.cn/sj/tjbz/tjyqhdmhcxhfdm/2023/37/3717.html |website=National Bureau of Statistics |language=zh}}

• Mudan District ({{lang|zh-hans|牡丹区}})
• Dingtao District ({{lang|zh-hans|定陶区}})
• Cao County ({{lang|zh-hans|曹县}})
• Chengwu County ({{lang|zh-hans|成武县}}) - originally in Huxi
• Shan County ({{lang|zh-hans|单县}}) - originally in Huxi
• Juye County ({{lang|zh-hans|巨野县}}) - originally in Huxi
• Yuncheng County ({{lang|zh-hans|郓城县}})
• Juancheng County ({{lang|zh-hans|鄄城县}})
• Dongming County ({{lang|zh-hans|东明县}})
• Heze Economic and Technological Development Zone (菏泽经济技术开发区)
• Heze High-Tech Development Zone (菏泽高新技术开发区)

These are further divided into 158 township-level divisions.

According to the 2020 Chinese census, Heze was home to 8,287,693 people, of whom 1,346,717 live in the built-up area around the seat of government in Mudan District.{{Cite news |date=2021-06-11 |title=Announcement of the Seventh National Population Census in Heze City |url=https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?src=11×tamp=1717665865&ver=5306&signature=ftc2avSH9hhQqYgvrAvhrCcZbF7M420dGwG6Ffn2Y4lsoN5IO2667UMP2TIkCeb25QPb11HSrMm5YiBxrXH1ND6*TngpUCTZBwkGuYSqazrenwerhBP6t0eNopi7L0qr&new=1 |work=Heze Municipal Bureau of Statistics}} The permanent population in the territory is mainly Han, and the ethnic minorities include Hui, Manchu, Tibetan, Miao, Uyghur, Kazakh, Zhuang, Mongolian and other ethnic groups.

The current mayor is Li Chunying{{Cite web |date=2023-04-27 |title=李春英当选菏泽市市长 |trans-title=Li Chunying Elected Mayor of Heze City |url=http://district.ce.cn/newarea/sddy/202304/27/t20230427_38523756.shtml |access-date=2024-06-13 |website=www.ce.cn |language=zh}} and the chairman of the Municipal Council is Wang Weidong.{{Cite web |last=Zhang |first=Bing |date=2022-12-23 |title=中共山东省委组织部干部任前公示公告 |trans-title=Pre-appointment Announcement of Cadres in the Organisation Department of CPC Shandong Provincial Committee |url=https://www.sdnews.com.cn/sd/yw/202012/t20201231_2846567.htm |access-date=2024-06-13 |website=鲁网 |language=zh}}

Heze is rich in cultural tourism resources and is known as the capital of peonies, the hometown of opera, martial arts, calligraphy and painting, and folk art. Peony cultivation began in the Sui Dynasty, flourished in the Tang Dynasty, and flourished in the Ming Dynasty. By the Ming and Qing Dynasties, it had become the center of peony cultivation in China. It is known as "Caozhou has the best peonies in the world, and Heze has the best peonies in the world."{{Cite web |title=山东省民政厅 地名论坛 浅述黄河对菏泽区划地名的影响 |url=http://mzt.shandong.gov.cn/art/2023/2/28/art_92444_10308076.html |access-date=2024-11-30 |website=mzt.shandong.gov.cn}}

• Caozhou Mudan Garden: It is the largest Mudan (Peony) garden in Heze and with the most varieties.{{Cite web|title=曹州牡丹园 - 菏泽旅游景点大全|url=https://wg365.org/html/383.html|access-date=2020-12-06|website=wg365.org}}
• One Hundred Lion Square: It is famous for its column carved with 100 stone lions in different postures. It represents best wishes and longevity. The archway is 14 meters high and 9 meters wide. The 100 lions with different shapes represent superb architectural skills and immortal artistic value, which fully embodies the wisdom and strength of the ancient people.{{Cite web|title=牌坊城里有瑰宝 清代石雕建筑百寿坊、百狮坊全国罕见 - 焦点新闻 - 菏泽频道 - 鲁网|url=http://heze.sdnews.com.cn/jczt/wlmthsx/jdxw/201509/t20150919_1974554.htm|access-date=2020-12-06|website=heze.sdnews.com.cn}}
• Shui Hu Hero City: It is famous for the teaching and communication of martial arts and ancient buildings. It is also the Chinese ancient residence museum, CCTV-recommended tour routes and the source of water margins.{{Cite web|title=郓城水浒好汉城|url=http://www.haohancheng.cn/|access-date=2020-12-06|website=www.haohancheng.cn}}
• Fulong Lake Tourism Resort:Located in the southwest of Shanxian County, Heze City, Shandong Province, with a total area of 58.6 square kilometres, Furong Lake Tourism Resort is the second largest plain reservoir in Shandong Province, and is known as the ‘Pearl of the Old Road, the West Lake of the North of the Yangtze River’. Floating Dragon Lake is the site of Mengzhuze, one of the four most famous zones in China.{{Cite web |last=Liu |first=Mimi |date=2023-12-11 |title=品古泽韵味 展故道新风 |trans-title=Taste the old style and show the new style of the old road. |url=http://www.xinhuanet.com/2023-12/11/c_1212313332.htm |access-date=2024-06-13 |website=新华网 |language=zh}}

• Shanxian lamb soup: The soup was first made in 1807. The taste is fresh but not mutton, and fragrant but not greasy. After more than 200 years of development and innovation of soup, it can be carried forward and accepted in many years. It is not only refreshing, but also functional in medicinal meal.{{Cite web|title=单县经典羊汤是非物质文化遗产|url=https://www.7878i.com/jmdts/17266.html}}
• Peony cake: During a flower festival in which season when peonies are in full bloom, Wu Zetian led a maid to enjoy the flowers in the garden and ordered the maid to pluck a large number of flowers of various colors. After return to the palace, according to her design, she mashed them with rice, steaming them to make a cake known as the "hundred-flower cake" and used this dessert as a gift to officials.
• Pijia roast chicken: The sauce is in color red, and you can smell the rich roast chicken scent just a few feet away from the pot. Its outstanding characteristics are fresh, fragrant, and tender with consistent taste inside and out.
• Caozhou sesame cake: Its shape is round as a moon, tender inside with a crispy crust. Its ingredients include wheat essence powder, sesame oil, salt, pepper, fennel powder and other oil-based products.
• Ju Ye pot of soup: Jar soup is the most representative of Shandong is the most representative characteristics of the south-west of Shandong traditional food. Originating from Daxieji Town, Juno County, Heze City, Shandong Province, it is the most authentic soup in Daxieji Town. Has been registered in the State Administration for Industry and Commerce ‘Xieji authentic jar soup’ trademark. It is one of the most popular soups among the local people, and has been listed as one of the famous foods in Southwest Shandong Province and Shandong Province, and was named as one of the famous Chinese foods in 2004.{{Cite web |date=2024-06-13 |title=巨野罐子汤 |trans-title=Ju Ye pot of soup |url=https://www.sdta.cn/snack/fb017e924c68be62014c6da7689d0d9e.html |website=www.sdta.cn |language=zh}}

Heze has convenient transportation and has formed a transportation network consisting of four modes of transportation: railway, highway, shipping, aviation, and pipeline. The Beijing-Kowloon Railway Line and the Xinyan Line cross the territory, running through Caoxian, Dingtao, Mudan District, and Juan respectively. Cheng, Yuncheng, Dongming, Juye and other counties, there are 8 county-level railway stations; Beijing-Kowloon High-speed Railway and Shandong-Nan High-speed Railway intersect here, and highway transportation is developed.{{Cite web |title=山东省民政厅 地名论坛 浅述黄河对菏泽区划地名的影响 |url=http://mzt.shandong.gov.cn/art/2023/2/28/art_92444_10308076.html |access-date=2024-11-30 |website=mzt.shandong.gov.cn}}

• Highway: China National Highway 220; China National Highway 105;{{Cite journal |last1=Zhao |first1=Jing |last2=Wang |first2=Linshen |last3=Ye |first3=Qing |last4=Zhao |first4=Qiang |last5=Wei |first5=Shutong |date=January 2022 |title=Association of Environmental Elements with Respondents' Behaviors in Open Spaces Using the Direct Gradient Analysis Method: A Case Study of Jining, China |journal=International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health |language=en |volume=19 |issue=14 |pages=8494 |doi=10.3390/ijerph19148494 |pmid=35886347 |pmc=9316188 |issn=1660-4601 |doi-access=free }} China National Highway 106; China National Highway 240; China National Highway 327
• Heze Mudan Airport opened on April 2, 2021.
• Conventional rail services call at Heze railway station, high-speed services call at Heze East railway station.

• Fuxi,
• Yao
• Shun
• Song Jiang
• Wu Yong
• Cao Zhi

• Wang Hongyi was born in Liulou Village, Shenkou, Puzhou (now Juancheng County) in the late Qing Dynasty. A famous reformer, educator, thinker, industrialist, and social activist during the democratic revolution. The organizer and leader of the Xinhai Revolution in Caozhou and even Shandong, and the pioneer and founder of new education in Heze area.{{Cite web |title=菏泽十二位历史文化名人简介 |url=http://www.mudan.gov.cn/2c908084831c4eb30183205259ac001f/2c908084831c4eb3018320df837d0020/1592680373228142592.html |access-date=2024-11-30 |website=www.mudan.gov.cn}}
• Chao Buzhi, a native of Juye, Jeju (today's Juye, Shandong), was a famous writer in the Northern Song Dynasty. He was good at poetry and prose. He was as famous as Qin Guan, Huang Tingjian and Zhang Lei. He was one of the four bachelors of the Su family.{{Cite web |title=菏泽十二位历史文化名人简介 |url=http://www.mudan.gov.cn/2c908084831c4eb30183205259ac001f/2c908084831c4eb3018320df837d0020/1592680373228142592.html |access-date=2024-11-30 |website=www.mudan.gov.cn}}

• Peng Liyuan,
• Zhang Jizhong,
• Fan Shaohuang
• He Siyuan, a native of Heze, is a famous educator. He once served as mayor of Peiping City and actively worked for the peaceful liberation of Peiping. After the founding of New China, he actively participated in state affairs.{{Cite web |title=菏泽十二位历史文化名人简介 |url=http://www.mudan.gov.cn/2c908084831c4eb30183205259ac001f/2c908084831c4eb3018320df837d0020/1592680373228142592.html |access-date=2024-11-30 |website=www.mudan.gov.cn}}

Heze is the largest center in China for the cultivation of the "national flower" peony, after which the Mudan District was named. Over 30% of its GDP comes from the sale of peony.{{Cite web |date=2023-06-28 |title=2022年牡丹区国民经济和社会统计公报 |trans-title=Mudan District National Economic and Social Statistics Bulletin 2022 |url=http://wap.mudan.gov.cn/2c908084831c4eb30183205259ac001f/2c9080888364f9ed0183ac696336008b/1673865157538881536.html |access-date=2024-06-12 |website=People s Government of Mudan District of Heze City |language=zh}}

• Mobile, Alabama{{Cite web|url=https://asiamattersforamerica.org/asia/data/sister-partnerships|title=Sister Partnerships by US State – Asia Matters for America}}

{{Reflist|30em}}

{{Wikinews|Highly contagious Hand, foot and mouth disease killing China's children}}

• [https://web.archive.org/web/20090308033910/http://heze.gov.cn/ Official website] {{in lang|zh}}
• [http://www.heze.gov.cn/ People's Government of Heze City](in Chinese)

{{Shandong topics}}

{{Shandong}}

{{Prefectural-level divisions of the People's Republic of China}}

{{authority control}}

Category:Cities in Shandong

Category:Prefecture-level divisions of Shandong