Hidden algebra

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Hidden algebra provides a formal semantics for use in the field of software engineering, especially for concurrent distributed object systems.{{cite web |url=http://cseweb.ucsd.edu/~goguen/projs/halg.html | title=Hidden Algebra Homepage | publisher=University of California, San Diego, USA |accessdate=September 26, 2011 | authorlink=Joseph Goguen | first=Joseph | last=Goguen }} It supports correctness proofs.{{cite web | url=http://www.csc.liv.ac.uk/~grant/Research/Alg/HA/index.html | title=Hidden Algebra: Behavioural specification and proof for systems with state | publisher=University of London, UK | date=July 31, 2006 | accessdate=September 26, 2011 | author=Malcolm, Grant}}

Hidden algebra was studied by Joseph Goguen.{{cite journal | title=Hidden algebra and concurrent distributed software | publisher=ACM, USA | journal=ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes | volume=25 | pages=51–52 | number=1 | date=January 2000 | doi=10.1145/340855.340889 | authorlink=Joseph Goguen | first=Joseph | last=Goguen | s2cid=11950673 | doi-access=free }} It handles features of large software-based systems, including concurrency, distribution, nondeterminism, and local states. It also handled object-oriented features like classes, subclasses (inheritance), attributes, and methods. Hidden algebra generalizes process algebra and transition system approaches.