Hingham Bay

The bay is roughly {{convert|3|mi|km}} wide east to west and {{convert|4|mi|km}} long south to north.{{cite web|title=Chart 13270: Boston Harbor|url=http://www.charts.noaa.gov/OnLineViewer/13270.shtml|publisher=United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|access-date=23 January 2011}} It is nearly enclosed on all sides, surrounded by peninsulas, former islands joined to the mainland, and Peddocks Island. There are two passages to Nantasket Roads and the Atlantic Ocean, one a {{convert|1300|ft|m|adj=on}} opening at Hull Gut between Peddocks Island and Windmill Point in the northwest and a {{convert|0.5|mi|km|adj=on}} passage at West Gut between the island and Hough's Neck at Nut Island, part of the city of Quincy. Along the western portion of Hingham Bay a {{convert|300|ft|m|adj=on}} wide, {{convert|35|ft|m|adj=on}} deep channel allows oceangoing ships access from Hull Gut to Weymouth Fore River.{{cite web|title=Weymouth Fore River and Town River (after 1965)|url=http://www.nae.usace.army.mil/water/topic.asp?mytopic=navweymouthfore|publisher=U.S. Army Corps of Engineers|access-date=23 January 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110428175205/http://www.nae.usace.army.mil/water/topic.asp?mytopic=navweymouthfore|archive-date=28 April 2011}} To the north and east the bay is bordered by the town of Hull, where the contiguous water reaching the Hull shore is also known as Hull Bay.{{cite book|last=Bacon|first=Edwin M.|title=Bacon's Dictionary of Boston|year=1886|location=Cambridge, Massachusetts|page=443|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FlEdAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA443}} On the south, moving west, Hingham Bay is fed by three estuaries: Weir River between Hull and Hingham, Weymouth Back River between Hingham and Weymouth, and Weymouth Fore River between Weymouth and Quincy.

Bumpkin Island ({{convert|30|acre|m2}}) in Hingham and Grape Island ({{convert|54|acre|m2}}) in Weymouth, along with the smaller Slate Island and Sheep Island, are part of the Boston Harbor Islands National Recreation Area. Spinnaker Island in the north is attached to Hull by a low bridge. Other islands under {{convert|5|acre|m2}} in size that are associated with the bay include Button, Langlee, Ragged and Sarah Islands, all in Hingham Harbor.{{cite web|title=Boston Harbor Islands National Recreation Area – Island Facts|url=https://www.nps.gov/boha/learn/historyculture/facts-intro.htm|publisher=National Park Service|access-date=23 January 2011}} The southeast part of the bay is separated from Weir River estuary by World's End, a peninsular park owned by The Trustees of Reservations.{{cite web|title=World's End|url=http://www.thetrustees.org/places-to-visit/greater-boston/worlds-end.html|publisher=The Trustees of Reservations|access-date=23 January 2011}}

Boston Harbor and its smaller sections such as Hingham Bay are characterized by geography created through Quaternary glaciations. During the last 100,000 years two glacial periods shaped the typical topography of the area through creation of drumlins and moraines followed by marine incursion flooding the low levels as the glaciers receded.{{cite web|last=Machek|first=James Edward|title=Common ground: a Coast Guard station in Boston Harbor|url=http://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/30234/60804117.pdf?sequence=1|publisher=Massachusetts Institute of Technology|access-date=23 January 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120314015550/http://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/30234/60804117.pdf?sequence=1|archive-date=14 March 2012}} This geological activity accounts for the variety of necks, peninsulas and islands in the harbor. The native Massachusett and antecedent tribes populated the islands of Hingham Bay as early as 8,000 years before the present, taking advantage of a rich marine ecology which featured shellfish, fishing and wild flora.{{cite web|title=Native Americans and the Boston Harbor Islands|url=https://www.nps.gov/boha/learn/indigenous-stories.htm|publisher=National Park Service|access-date=23 January 2011}}{{cite book|title=Weir River Area of Critical Environmental Concern|year=2002|publisher=UMass Boston – Urban Harbors Institute|url=http://www.uhi.umb.edu/pdf_files/weir_acec_nri_report.pdf}} The natives were first encountered in 1621 during the colonization of the Atlantic seaboard by settlers from England in the 17th century. Native Americans were removed from the islands and Hingham Bay area as a result of King Philip's War in 1675, while fishing continued to be a main activity of the colonists.

Military posts were established on Peddocks Island and Fort Revere at the strategically important Hull Gut entrance to Hingham Bay beginning in the American Revolution.{{cite web|title=Peddocks Island|url=https://home.nps.gov/boha/learn/historyculture/facts-pedd.htm|publisher=National Park Service|access-date=23 January 2011}}{{cite book|title=Boston Harbor|year=2006|publisher=Arcadia Publishing|isbn=978-0-7385-4481-6|page=37|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=20Hu7frXSQEC&pg=PA37|author=Donald Cann |author2=John Galluzzo |access-date=23 January 2011}} Ships and submarines were produced at Fore River Shipyard located on Weymouth Fore River near where the river enters Hingham Bay beginning in the early 20th century.{{cite web |url=http://thomascranelibrary.org/shipbuildingheritage/history/historyindex.html |publisher=Thomas Crane Public Library |title=A History of Shipbuilding at Fore River |access-date=2011-01-23 |author=Rines, Lawrence S. |author2=Sarcone, Anthony F. |archive-date=2008-09-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080907025146/http://thomascranelibrary.org/shipbuildingheritage/history/historyindex.html |url-status=dead }}{{cite book|title=Annual Report of the Board of Harbor and Land Commissioners|year=1901|publisher=Commonwealth of Massachusetts|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uggAAAAAMAAJ&pg=RA1-PA24}}

During World War II, hundreds of ships produced for the United States Navy at Fore River Shipyard and the associated Bethlehem-Hingham Shipyard in Hingham first entered the Atlantic at Hingham Bay.{{cite web|title=Remembering the Hingham Shipyard|url=http://thehinghamshipyard.net/|publisher=thehinghamshipyard.net|access-date=23 January 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110426020906/http://thehinghamshipyard.net/|archive-date=26 April 2011}}{{cite web|title=Hingham Shipyard|url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/facility/hingham.htm|publisher=GlobalSecurity.org|access-date=23 January 2011}}{{cite web|last=Slate|first=Ron|title=On Bethlehem Steel: Builder and Arsenal of America, a history by Kenneth Warren|url=http://www.ronslate.com/bethlehem_steel_builder_and_arsenal_america_history_kenneth_warren_university_pittsburgh_press|publisher=ronslate.com|access-date=23 January 2011}}

Following the war, the list of possible locations for United Nations Headquarters included the unused land at World's End on Hingham Bay. The land was also later considered as a location for a nuclear power plant that was eventually built in Plymouth.{{cite web|last=Van Hamm|first=Judith|title=Weir River Estuary: Protecting land along the estuary|url=http://www.wickedlocal.com/hingham/news/lifestyle/columnists/x1024314740/WEIR-RIVER-ESTUARY-Protecting-land-along-the-estuary|publisher=The Hingham Journal|access-date=23 January 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121109225252/http://www.wickedlocal.com/hingham/news/lifestyle/columnists/x1024314740/WEIR-RIVER-ESTUARY-Protecting-land-along-the-estuary|archive-date=9 November 2012}} The protection of Hingham Bay has been assisted by the establishment of the Boston Harbor Islands National Recreation Area in 1996{{cite web|title=United States Code: Boston Harbor Islands National Recreation Area|url=https://home.nps.gov/boha/learn/management/park-legislation.htm|publisher=National Park Service|access-date=23 January 2011}} and the establishment of the Weir River Estuary Park Committee by the towns of Cohasset, Hingham and Hull in 2002.{{cite web|title=Weir River Estuary Park Committee|url=http://hingham-ma.gov/Committees/Weir_River/towngov_comm_weirriv.html|publisher=Town of Hingham|access-date=23 January 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110101151106/http://hingham-ma.gov/Committees/Weir_River/towngov_comm_weirriv.html|archive-date=1 January 2011}}

In response to the second Trump administration's 2025 executive order to change the name of the Gulf of Mexico to the "Gulf of America," the mayor of Weymouth satirically announced that he had renamed Hingham Bay the "Gulf of Weymouth" via executive order.{{Cite web |date=2025-02-14 |title=Inspired by Trump, Weymouth mayor trolls Hingham by ordering name change of bay |url=https://www.wgbh.org/news/politics/2025-02-14/inspired-by-trump-weymouth-mayor-trolls-hingham-by-ordering-name-change-of-bay |access-date=2025-02-15 |website=GBH |language=en}}

{{Reflist}}

{{Coastal waterbodies of Massachusetts}}

Category:Bays of Massachusetts

Category:Hingham, Massachusetts

Category:Hull, Massachusetts

Category:Bodies of water of Norfolk County, Massachusetts

Category:Watersheds of Boston Harbor