Hispasat 1B
{{Short description|Spanish communications satellite}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2022}}
{{Spacecraft
| name = Hispasat 1B
| mission_type = Communications satellite
| operator = Hispasat
| COSPAR_ID = 1993-048A
| SATCAT = 22723
| mission_duration = 10 years
| spacecraft_bus = Eurostar E2000
| manufacturer = Matra Marconi Space
| launch_mass = 2,194 kg
| BOL_mass = 1,325 kg
| dry_mass = 1,100 kg
| payload_mass = 280 kg
| dimensions = 1.7 x 1.9 x 2.1 m (22.02 m solar array span)
| power = 3,790 W
| launch_date = 22/07/1993
| launch_rocket = Ariane-44L H10+
| launch_site = Guiana Space Centre
| launch_contractor = Arianespace
| disposal_type = graveyard orbit
| deactivated = 06/06/2006
| orbit_semimajor = 42,320 km
| orbit_altitude = 35,800 km
| orbit_periapsis = 35,945.6 km
| orbit_apoapsis = 35,953.1 km
| orbit_inclination = 30º W
| orbit_period = 24.07 hours
| payload_items = (12+6) Ku-band (8-55 W, 4-110 W) transponders,
(3+1) X-band (110 W) transponders
}}
The Hispasat 1B was a Spanish communications satellite operated by Hispasat. Along with the Hispasat 1A, the satellite covered communications over the American Continent for both civilian and military customers.{{Cite journal|last=Agudo|first=Luis Sepúlveda|date=2003|title=Hispasat en el siglo XXI|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=4708426|journal=Antena de telecomunicación|issue=151 |pages=17–23|issn=2481-6345}}{{Cite web|title=Hispasat 1A/1B at 30.0°W - LyngSat|url=https://www.angelfire.com/tv2/satelitetv/hispa1b.shtml|access-date=2021-10-26|website=Angelfire}} Together they formed the first European constellation operating over the New World.{{Cite journal|last=Sacristán - Romero|first=F.|date=2007|title=Structure of the Spanish system of satellite of communications|url=http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&pid=S1665-64232007000100006&lng=es&nrm=iso&tlng=en|journal=Journal of Applied Research and Technology|language=en|volume=5|issue=1|pages=58–60|issn=1665-6423}} Its service life ended in 2003.{{Cite web|title=NASA - NSSDCA - Spacecraft - Details|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1993-048A|access-date=2021-10-25|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov}}
Body
File:Ariane 4, Expo'92 Sevilla.jpg
Similarly to the Hispasat 1A, the body of the Hispasat 1B was based on the Eurostar E2000 bus. It consisted on a box shaped metal casing (1.7 x 1.9 x 2.21 meters) with retractable solar panels on the lateral faces (when extended measured 22.02 m) and space for the communications module on the upper and lower faces. It was built by Matra Marconi Space (now part of Airbus Defence and Space).{{Cite web|title=Hispasat 1A, 1B|url=https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/hispasat-1a.htm|access-date=2021-10-25|website=Gunter's Space Page|language=en}}
The satellite weighted 2,194 kg at launch and had a dry weight of 1,100 kg. It was 3 axis stabilized.{{Cite journal|last1=Gaullier|first1=F.|last2=Limouzin|first2=G.|date=1994-01-01|title=The EUROSTAR operational concept|url=https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1994RBrCM..16..405G|journal=Revista Brasileira de Ciencias Mecanicas |volume=16|pages=405–411|bibcode=1994RBrCM..16..405G|issn=0100-7386}}
= Propulsion =
The satellite was propulsed by a R-4D-11 hypergolic engine (originally developed by Marquardt Corporation for its use in the Apollo program). It was provided by Aerojet Rocketdyne and was capable of developing 490 N of thrust in vacuum. It weighed 3.76 kg.{{Cite web|title=Hispasat 1B / 1993 - 048A|url=https://www.space-propulsion.com/spacecraft-propulsion/heritage/page-060.html|access-date=2021-10-26|website=www.space-propulsion.com}}{{Cite book|last1=Balduccini|first1=Mauro|last2=Giommi|first2=Marco|last3=Morelli|first3=Guido|title=SAE Technical Paper Series|date=1991-07-01|chapter=Flight Firing Operations on the ITALSAT F1 R-4D-11 Thruster|volume=1|chapter-url=https://www.sae.org/publications/technical-papers/content/911413/|language=English|location=Warrendale, PA|doi=10.4271/911413}}
= Communications module =
The satellite offered both civilian and military communication channels for its customers. Its main module consisted of 15 active transponders: three X-band (compatible with NATO Standards) with one spare, for its military customers, and 12 Ku-band (8 at 55 W, 4 at 110 W) with six spares, for the civilian market.{{Cite web|title=Hispasat-series (and other Spanish communications satellites)|url=https://rammb.cira.colostate.edu/dev/hillger/Hispasat.htm|access-date=2021-10-26|website=rammb.cira.colostate.edu}}
The module was divided between the upper, containing the high gain antenna and lower (containing a set of low gain antennas) faces of the prism.
Launch
The satellite was successfully launched 22 July 1993 on board an Ariane-44L H10+ from the Guiana Space Center along with the Indian satellite INSAT-2B.{{Cite web|last=Jones|first=Caleb|title=Ariane 44L {{!}} Hispasat 1B & Insat 2B|url=https://spacelaunchnow.me/launch/ariane-44l-hispasat-1b-insat-2b/|access-date=2021-10-26|website=Space Launch Now|language=en}}{{Cite web|title=NASA - NSSDCA - Spacecraft - Telemetry Details|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/displayTrajectory.action?id=1993-048A|access-date=2022-01-24|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov}}
Its orbit is geostationary (GEO) 30º West, around 35,800 km high (35,945.6 km of perigee and 35,953.1 km of apogee) with 12.4º of inclination, a period of 1,444.1 minutes a RCS of 7.9621 m2 and a semi-major axis of 42,320 km.{{Cite web|title=Technical details for satellite HISPASAT 1B|url=https://www.n2yo.com//satellite/?s=22723|access-date=2021-10-25|website=N2YO.com - Real Time Satellite Tracking and Predictions}}
During its service life it was monitored from Hispasat's headquarters in Madrid. Its operating life officially ended in 2003 although some of its transponders remained active until 6 June 2006 when the satellite was definitely moved to a graveyard orbit.{{Cite web|title=TSE - Hispasat 1B|url=https://www.tbs-satellite.com/tse/online/sat_hispasat_1b.html|access-date=2021-10-25|website=www.tbs-satellite.com}}
See also
References
External links
- [https://www.hispasat.com/en Hispasat (official site)]
{{Space program of Spain}}{{Orbital launches in 1993}}