Horns of Hattin#History and archaeology

{{See also|Hittin#History}}

Excavations were carried out on the hill in 1976 and 1981.[http://www.deremilitari.org/RESOURCES/ARTICLES/kedar.htm The Battle of Hattin Revisited] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101229204535/http://www.deremilitari.org/resources/articles/kedar.htm |date=2010-12-29 }}, Benjamin Kedar {{Cite web |url=http://www.deremilitari.org/resources/articles/kedar.htm |title=The Battle of Hattin Revisited |access-date=2017-04-05 |archive-date=2010-03-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100327225144/http://www.deremilitari.org/resources/articles/kedar.htm |url-status=dead }} The ruined Canaanite hilltop fortress of Tel Qarney Hittin, the site name used by Israeli archaeologists, was identified by Zvi Gal with Meron/Merom of the Hebrew Bible (Joshua 11, "waters of Merom") and with the city mentioned as m-r-m-i-m in a campaign list of Thutmose III (r. 1479–1425 BCE), and again by Ramses II (r. 1279–1213 BCE) and Tiglath Pileser III in 733/32 BCE, based on geography, archaeology, text analysis, and logical assumptions.{{cite journal |last= Gal |first= Zvi |title= The Late Bronze Age in Galilee: A Reassessment |journal=Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research |number= 272 |year= 1988 |pages= 79–84 [81] |doi= 10.2307/1356788 |jstor= 1356788 |url= https://www.jstor.org/stable/1356788 |access-date= 12 April 2024}} Some scholars have identified the hill with the Mount of Beatitudes, where Jesus delivered his Sermon on the Mount.Livingston, p. 340.Tischendorf and Shuckard, 1847, p. 240. Writing in 1864, Fergus Ferguson describes it as the "supposed" site, because although "its position corresponds with the particulars of the narrative", no one can declare with any certainty that He gave a sermon at that exact spot."

Kurûn Hattîn is believed to be the site of the Battle of Hattin, Saladin's victory over the Crusaders in 1187. The Battle of Hattin was fought in summer when the grass was tinder-dry. Saladin's troops set fire to the grass, after cutting off the Crusaders' access to water in the Sea of Galilee.https://archive.triblive.com/news/region-lived-through-centuries-of-warfare/ {{Bare URL inline|date=August 2024}} Saladin built a "victory dome," Qubbat al-Nasr, on the hill.{{citation needed|date=March 2016}} Thietmar, a German pilgrim who visited the site in 1217, wrote that the "temple Saladin had erected to his gods after the victory is now desolate." In the early 17th century, ruins were found on the summit that appeared to be those of a church.Ferguson (1864), p. 297. Prior to 1948, an Arab village, Hittin, lay at the foot of the hill.

{{Reflist}}

• {{citation|title=Sacred Scenes, Or, Notes of Travel in Egypt and the Holy Land: Or, Notes of Travel in Egypt and the Holy Land|first=Fergus|last=Ferguson|publisher=Thomas Adamson; Jackson, Walford, and Hodder; W.P. Nimmo|year=1864}}
• {{citation|title=In Scripture Lands: New Views of Sacred Places|first=Edward Livingston|last=Wilson|publisher=Adamant Media Corporation|isbn=978-1-4021-5515-4}}
• {{citation|title=Travels in the East, tr. from [Reise in den Orient]|first2=W.E.|last2=Shuckard|first1=Lobegott Friedrich Constantin|last1=Tischendorf|year=1847|publisher=Oxford University}}

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