Hosea 4

The original text was written in Hebrew language. This chapter is divided into 19 verses.

Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in Hebrew are of the Masoretic Text tradition, which includes the Codex Cairensis (895), the Petersburg Codex of the Prophets (916), Aleppo Codex (10th century), Codex Leningradensis (1008).{{sfn|Würthwein|1995|pp=35-37}} Fragments containing parts of this chapter in Hebrew were found among the Dead Sea Scrolls including 4Q78 (4QXII^c; 75–50 BCE) with extant verses 1–19;{{sfn|Ulrich|2010|pp=592–593}}[https://thewaytoyahuweh.com/dead-sea-scrolls/general-info/#hosea Dead sea scrolls - Hosea]{{sfn|Fitzmyer|2008|p=38}}[https://www.deadseascrolls.org.il/explore-the-archive/manuscript/4Q78-1 4Q78 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library] and 4Q82 (4QXII^g; 25 BCE) with extant verses 1, 9–11, 13–14.{{sfn|Fitzmyer|2008|p=39}}{{sfn|Ulrich|2010|pp=591–593}}[https://www.deadseascrolls.org.il/explore-the-archive/manuscript/4Q82-1 4Q82 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library]

There is also a translation into Koine Greek known as the Septuagint, made in the last few centuries BCE. Extant ancient manuscripts of the Septuagint version include Codex Vaticanus (B; $\backslash mathfrak\{G\}$^B; 4th century), Codex Alexandrinus (A; $\backslash mathfrak\{G\}$^A; 5th century) and Codex Marchalianus (Q; $\backslash mathfrak\{G\}$^Q; 6th century).{{sfn|Würthwein|1995|pp=73-74}}{{efn|The Book of Hosea is missing from the extant Codex Sinaiticus.{{cite book| last= Shepherd|first= Michael |title= A Commentary on the Book of the Twelve: The Minor Prophets | series= Kregel Exegetical Library | publisher= Kregel Academic | year= 2018 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=_iNZDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA13|isbn= 978-0825444593 | page= 13}}}}

:My people are destroyed for lack of knowledge:

:Because you have rejected knowledge,

::I also will reject you from being priest for Me

:Because you have forgotten the law of your God,

::I also will forget your children.{{bibleref2|Hosea|4:6|NKJV}} NKJV

• "Are destroyed": from the Hebrew plural verb {{lang|he|נִדְמ֥וּ}}, nidmu, following a singular subject, collectively include the whole nation of Israel. Jerome rendered the verb in the sense of "silence" (Latin: "conticuit populus incus", that is, "sinking into eternal silence"; as supported by the Chaldee version). The Greek Septuagint interpret it in the sense of "likeness": "My people are like ({{lang|grc|ὡμοιώθη}}) as if they had no knowledge."Joseph S. Exell; Henry Donald Maurice Spence-Jones (Editors). The Pulpit Commentary. 23 volumes. First publication: 1890.{{PD-notice}} Isaiah 5:13 uses the same expression, "therefore my people are gone into captivity, because they have no knowledge".Barnes, Albert. Notes on the Old Testament. London, Blackie & Son, 1884. Reprint, Grand Rapids: Baker Books, 1998.{{PD-notice}}
• "Lack of knowledge": "of God" (Hosea 4:1), that is, "lack of piety".Robert Jamieson, Andrew Robert Fausset; David Brown. Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's Commentary On the Whole Bible. 1871.{{PD-notice}}
• "You have rejected knowledge": may refer to the priests appointed by Jeroboam not from among the Levites, but 'of the lowest of the people, ignorant and illiterate men' (1 Kings 12:31) who reject with contempt the knowledge of God and of divine things.John Gill. John Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible. Exposition of the Old and New Testament. Published in 1746-1763.{{PD-notice}}

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• Beth-aven
• Ephraim
• Gilgal
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• Related Bible parts: Isaiah 5, Hosea 3

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• {{Cite book

|last = Collins

|first = John J.

|title = Introduction to the Hebrew Scriptures

|publisher = Fortress Press

|year = 2014

|isbn = 9781451469233

|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=fbsoBAAAQBAJ

}}

• {{cite book|last= Day | first= John | chapter = 27. Hosea | title=The Oxford Bible Commentary | editor-first1=John| editor-last1=Barton |editor1-link = John Barton (theologian) | editor-first2=John| editor-last2= Muddiman |editor2-link = John Muddiman | publisher = Oxford University Press |edition= first (paperback) | date = 2007 | pages = 571–578 | isbn = 978-0199277186 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZJdVkgEACAAJ| access-date=February 6, 2019}}
• {{Cite book|title = A Guide to the Dead Sea Scrolls and Related Literature|last = Fitzmyer|first = Joseph A.|author-link= Joseph Fitzmyer |publisher = William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company| url= https://books.google.com/books?id=TILXeWJ2eNAC | year = 2008|isbn = 9780802862419|location = Grand Rapids, MI }}
• {{Cite book

|last = Hayes

|first = Christine

|title = Introduction to the Bible

|publisher = Yale University Press

|year = 2015

|isbn = 978-0300188271

|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=SKbkXYHxvlAC

}}

• {{Cite book

| editor-last = Ulrich

| editor-first = Eugene |editor-link= Eugene Ulrich

| title = The Biblical Qumran Scrolls: Transcriptions and Textual Variants

| year = 2010

| publisher = Brill

| url = https://archive.org/details/TheBiblicalQumranScrolls}}

• {{cite book | last = Würthwein | first = Ernst | author-link = Ernst Würthwein | title = The Text of the Old Testament | publisher = Wm. B. Eerdmans |location = Grand Rapids, MI | year= 1995 | translator-first1 = Erroll F.| translator-last1 = Rhodes |isbn = 0-8028-0788-7 | url= https://books.google.com/books?id=FSNKSBObCYwC | access-date= January 26, 2019}}

• [http://www.mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt1304.htm Hosea 4 Hebrew with Parallel English]
• [http://www.chabad.org/library/bible_cdo/aid/16158 Hosea 4 Hebrew with Rashi's Commentary]

• [http://www.latinvulgate.com/lv/verse.aspx?t=0&b=33&c=4 Hosea 4 English Translation with Parallel Latin Vulgate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170203083321/http://www.latinvulgate.com/lv/verse.aspx?t=0&b=33&c=4 |date=2017-02-03 }}

{{Book of Hosea}}

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