Hotep#Hotep movement

{{Short description|Egyptian word}}

{{dictdef|date=May 2023}}

{{For|the colloquial Afrocentrist usage|Hoteps}}

{{wiktionary|ḥtp}}

{{Hiero|ḥtp|Htp:t*p|align=right|era=egypt}}

File:Nébit, chef de la police, et sa table d'offrandes 664.jpg

Hotep ({{transliteration|egy|ḥtp}}; also rendered hetepSee Egyptological pronunciation. Davies (2018) uses hetep throughout.) is an Egyptian word that roughly translates as "to be satisfied, at peace". The word also refers to an "offering" ritually presented to a deity or a dead person, hence "be pleased, be gracious, be at peace". It is rendered in Egyptian hieroglyphs as an altar (Gardiner sign R4). The noun ḥtp.w means "peace, contentment".{{cite book|author=Faulkner, William|title=Middle Egyptian|date= 1991|publisher= Griffith |isbn= 0-900416-32-7}}:
p 179 htp = "altar, offering, boon which the king grants, be pleased, be happy, be gracious, pardon, be at peace, be peaceful, become calm"; p 180 "rest, satisfy, make content, htpw peace, contentment, good pleasure, make peace, htpt peace, contentment. To put to rest disputes, and settle the complaints of petitioners be peaceful, calm, make peace". Davies (2018) interprets the concept of {{transliteration|egy|ḥtp}} as "the result of action in accord with maat [the proper order of the universe]".{{Cite book|title=Peace in Ancient Egypt |last=Davies |first=Vanessa |page=2 |date=2018 |series=Harvard Egyptological Series|publisher=Brill|isbn=978-90-04-38021-9|language=en}} (p. 86, and passim).

The so-called offering formula begins with {{transliteration|egy|ḥtp-dj-nsw}} "an offering given by the king".Gardiner, Alan. (1957). Egyptian Grammar, Third Edition, p. 170. Griffith Institute, Ashmolean Museum, Oxford. {{ISBN|0-900416-35-1}}.

Egyptian {{transliteration|egy|ḥtp}} became Coptic {{Coptic|ϩⲁⲧⲡ/ϩⲟⲧⲡ}} {{transliteration|cop|hatp/hotp}} "be content" and {{Coptic|ϩⲱⲧⲡ}} hōtp "be reconciled".{{Cite web|url= https://coptic-dictionary.org/results.cgi?quick_search=ϩ.ⲧⲡ |title=Coptic Dictionary Online |website=coptic-dictionary.org |language=en |access-date=2017-03-16}}{{Cite book|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=Gd6aAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA25 |title=The Ancient Egyptian Language: An Historical Study|last=Allen|first=James P.|date=2013-07-11|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9781107032460|language=en}}

Hotep as part of ancient Egyptian names, such as Hotepsekhemwy ({{transliteration|egy|ḥr ḥtp-sḫm.wj}} "the two powers are at peace"), the first ruler of the Second Dynasty of Egypt.{{cite web|url= http://www.nemo.nu/ibisportal/0egyptintro/2egypt/2sidor/2hotepsekhemwy.htm |title=Egyptian kings - Hotepsekhemwy, Hetepsekhemwy, Bedjau, Boethos|work=nemo.nu}}