House of Li

{{About|the ruling family of the Western Liang and Tang dynasties|other topics|Li family (disambiguation)}}

{{Royal house|

| surname = Li

| estates = Palace in Chang'an

| country = Western Liang, Tang dynasty

| parent house =

| titles = Duke of Western Liang, Emperor of the Tang Empire

| founder = Laozi

| final ruler = Emperor Ai of Tang

| other_families = Ajo (阿熱) clan of the Kyrgyz Khaganate

| current head =

| founding year =

| deposition =

}}

The House of Li ({{zh|first=t|t=李|s=李|p=Lǐ|w=Li}}) was the ruling house of the Western Liang dynasty and the Tang dynasty of China.

Family information

The Li family originated in the Longxi Commandery and had Han ethnic origins. They were also known as the Longxi Li lineage (隴西李氏), which included the famous Tang poet Li Bai. The Li family were members of the northwest military aristocracy prevalent during the Sui dynasty.{{citation |last1=Ebrey |first1=Patricia Buckley |title=East Asia: A Cultural, Social, and Political History |url=https://archive.org/details/eastasiacultural00ebre_0/page/90 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/eastasiacultural00ebre_0/page/90 90–91] |year=2006 |location=Boston |publisher=Houghton Mifflin |isbn=0-618-13384-4 |last2=Walthall |first2=Anne |last3=Palais |first3=James B. |url-access=registration}}{{citation |last=Adshead |first=S.A.M. |title=T'ang China: The Rise of the East in World History |pages=40–41 |year=2004 |location=New York |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |isbn=1-4039-3456-8}}

According to the official records of Tang dynasty, the Li family was paternally descended from the famous Daoist sage Laozi (whose personal name was Li Dan or Li Er),{{cite book |author= Kenneth Scott Latourette |title= The Chinese: their history and culture |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=ultxAAAAMAAJ&q=family+descent+lao+tzu+patronymic |year=1934 |publisher= Macmillan |pages= 191}} as well as the Qin dynasty general Li Xin and the Han dynasty general Li Guang,{{cite book |author= Michael Robert Drompp |title= Tang China And The Collapse Of The Uighur Empire: A Documentary History |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=NB6DEdAxLOsC&pg=PA126 |year=2005 |publisher= BRILL |isbn= 90-04-14129-4 |pages= 126–}}{{cite book |author1= Victor H. Mair |author2= Nancy Shatzman Steinhardt |author3=Paul Rakita Goldin |title= Hawai'i reader in traditional Chinese culture |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=XdouAQAAIAAJ&q=li+ling+kirghiz|year=2005 |publisher= University of Hawai'i Press |isbn=978-0-8248-2785-4 |pages=376}} and Li Gao, the ethnic Han ruler of Western Liang dynasty. During the late Northern and Southern dynasties period, the Li family intermarried with Xianbei royalty when Li Bing (the ethnically Han father of the first Tang emperor) married the part-Xianbei Duchess Dugu (the daughter of prominent Xianbei general Dugu Xin).{{cite book |author=Jonathan Karam Skaff |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Jrv-6_U5gfwC&pg=PA125 |title=Sui-Tang China and Its Turko-Mongol Neighbors: Culture, Power, and Connections, 580-800 |date=6 August 2012 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-999627-8 |pages=125–}}{{cite book |author1=Jeroen Duindam |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iKX39fOyvNoC&pg=PA177 |title=Royal Courts in Dynastic States and Empires: A Global Perspective |author2=Tülay Artan |author3=Metin Kunt |date=11 August 2011 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-20622-9 |pages=177–}} Marriages between elite Han men and Xianbei princesses were common in this period, as the Northern Wei had arranged for Han elites to marry daughters of the Xianbei Tuoba imperial family since the 480s CE.{{cite book|author=Rubie Sharon Watson|title=Marriage and Inequality in Chinese Society|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gAIcwz3V_JsC&pg=PA80|year=1991|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=978-0-520-07124-7|pages=80–}} More than half of the Tuoba Xianbei princesses of the Northern Wei were married to Han men from the imperial families and aristocrats from the Southern dynasties, who had defected and moved north to join the Northern Wei.{{cite thesis|url=https://dash.harvard.edu/bitstream/handle/1/33493331/TANG-DISSERTATION-2016.pdf?sequence=4&isAllowed=y |title= Divorce and the Divorced Woman in Early Medieval China (First through Sixth Century) |pages=151, 152, 153 |last=Tang |first=Qiaomei |date=May 2016 |type=A dissertation presented by Qiaomei Tang to The Department of East Asian Languages and Civilizations in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the subject of East Asian Languages and Civilizations |location=Cambridge, Massachusetts |publisher=Harvard University}}

File:Tomb of Li Xian, panel 1.jpg (504-569 CE).]]

The Khagans of the Yenisei Kyrgyz Khaganate also claimed Longxi Li ancestry, through descent from the Han dynasty general Li Ling. Li Ling, a grandson of Li Guang, had defected from the Han dynasty to the Xiongnu in the first century BCE.{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OBEIq8kTQBcC&pg=PA61 |title=The role of women in the Altaic world: Permanent International Altaistic Conference, 44th meeting, Walberberg, 26-31 August 2001 |publisher=Otto Harrassowitz Verlag |year=2007 |isbn=978-3447055376 |editor=Veronika Veit |edition=illustrated |volume=152 of Asiatische Forschungen |page=61 |access-date=8 February 2012}}{{cite book |author=Michael Robert Drompp |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NB6DEdAxLOsC&pg=PA126 |title=Tang China and the collapse of the Uighur Empire: a documentary history |publisher=BRILL |year=2005 |isbn=9004141294 |edition=illustrated |volume=13 of Brill's Inner Asian library |page=126 |access-date=8 February 2012}}{{cite book |last=Kyzlasov |first=Leonid R. |url=http://nbdrx.ru/pdf/bx00000168.pdf |title=The Urban Civilization of Northern and Innermost Asia Historical and Archaeological Research |date=2010 |publisher=ROMANIAN ACADEMY INSTITUTE OF ARCHAEOLOGY OF IAȘI Editura Academiei Romane - Editura Istros |isbn=978-973-27-1962-6 |series=Curatores seriei VICTOR SPINEI et IONEL CANDEÂ VII |volume=The Urban Civilization of Northern and Innermost Asia Historical and Archaeological Research |page=245 |id=Florilegium magistrorum historiae archaeologiaeque Antiqutatis et Medii Aevi}} For this reason, the Kyrgyz Khagan was recognized as a member of the Tang imperial family.{{cite book |access-date= 8 February 2012|title=The role of women in the Altaic world: Permanent International Altaistic Conference, 44th meeting, Walberberg, 26-31 August 2001|editor=Veronika Veit|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OBEIq8kTQBcC&pg=PA61|edition=illustrated|volume=152 of Asiatische Forschungen|year=2007|publisher=Otto Harrassowitz Verlag|isbn=978-3447055376|page=61}}{{cite journal |author=Michael R. Drompp |year=1999 |title=Breaking the Orkhon tradition: Kirghiz adherence to the Yenisei region after A. D. 840 |journal=Journal of the American Oriental Society |volume=119 |issue=3 |pages=390–403 |doi=10.2307/605932 |jstor=605932}}{{Rp|394–395}} Emperor Zhongzong of Tang even said to the Kyrgyz that "Your nation and Ours are of the same ancestral clan (Zong). You are not like other foreigners."{{cite book |title=Tang China and the collapse of the Uighur Empire: a documentary history |author=Michael Robert Drompp |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NB6DEdAxLOsC&pg=PA126 |volume=13 |series=Brill's Inner Asian library |year=2005 |publisher=Brill |isbn=9004141294}}{{rp|126}}

The Tang Imperial family was watched over by the Zongcheng si (宗正寺).{{cite book|author=John W. Chaffee|title=Branches of Heaven: A History of the Imperial Clan of Sung China|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sEvQbGpqQG0C&pg=PA8|year=1999|publisher=Harvard Univ Asia Center|isbn=978-0-674-08049-2|pages=8–}} Other prominent members of the Longxi Li lineage from the Tang period included generals Li Jing and Li Jiongxiu, chancellors Li Yiyan, Li Kui, Li Wei, Li Fengji, and Li Zhaode, the official Li Zhongyan, and the poet Li Bai. The Tang Imperial Longxi Li lineage also included sub lineages like the Guzang Li (姑臧 ), from which Li Zhuanmei (李專美) came from, who served the Later Jin.{{cite book|author=Chang Woei Ong|title=Men of Letters Within the Passes: Guanzhong Literati in Chinese History, 907-1911|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w5_ZAAAAMAAJ&q=wujing+boshi+descendant|year=2008|publisher=Harvard University Asia Center|isbn=978-0-674-03170-8|page=29}}

During the Tang dynasty the Li family of Zhaojun (趙郡李氏), the Cui clan of Boling, the Cui clan of Qinghe, the Lu clan of Fanyang, the Zheng family of Xingyang (滎陽鄭氏), the Wang family of Taiyuan (太原王氏), and the Li family of Longxi (隴西李氏) were the seven noble families between whom marriage was banned by law.{{cite thesis |last=Tackett |first=Nicolas Olivier |date=2006 |title=THE TRANSFORMATION OF MEDIEVAL CHINESE ELITES (850-1000 C.E.) |type=Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences |publisher=COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY |url=http://history.berkeley.edu/sites/default/files/slides/Dissertation.pd |page=67}}f

In more recent times, some scholars have speculated that the Tang imperial family might have modified its genealogy to conceal Xianbei heritage.{{cite journal |last1=Sanping |first1=Chen |date=Nov 1996 |title=Succession Struggle and the Ethnic Identity of the Tang Imperial House |journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society |series=Third Series |volume=6 |issue=3 |pages=379–405 |doi=10.1017/S1356186300007793}} They cite as an example the Northern Zhou General Li Xian, who claimed descent from the Han general Li Ling, but whose tomb indicates that he had distant Xianbei ancestry.{{cite journal |last1=Wu |first1=Mandy Jui-man |date=2004 |title=Exotic Goods as Mortuary Display in Sui Dynasty Tombs--A Case Study of Li Jingxun's Tomb |url=https://www.academia.edu/25641263 |journal=Sino-Platonic Papers |volume=142 |page=55}}{{cite journal |last1=Chen |first1=Sanping |date=1996 |title=Succession Struggle and the Ethnic Identity of the Tang Imperial House |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25183243 |journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society |volume=6 |issue=3 |page=381 |doi=10.1017/S1356186300007793 |jstor=25183243 |issn=1356-1863 |quote="The official histories compiled during the Tang had been subjected to much political doctoring in order to mask and conceal the imperial house's "barbarian" background. The newest proof is the recent archaeological discovery showing that another contemporary prominent Li clan, namely that of Li Xian, the Northern Zhou Grand General with the same Longxi ancestry claim, was in fact of unmistakable Tuoba Xianbei descent."}} There is however no direct evidence that the Tang imperial family carried out such actions.

Some of the Tang dynasty Imperial family's cadet branches ended up in Fujian. The branch founded by Li Dan (李丹) became prominent during the Song dynasty,{{cite book|author=Hugh R. Clark|title=Portrait of a Community: Society, Culture, and the Structures of Kinship in the Mulan River Valley (Fujian) from the Late Tang Through the Song|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=126EsR8rpC8C&pg=PA39|year=2007|publisher=Chinese University Press|isbn=978-962-996-227-2|pages=39–40}} as did another founded by Li Fu (李富).{{cite book |author= Hugh R. Clark |title= Portrait of a Community: Society, Culture, and the Structures of Kinship in the Mulan River Valley (Fujian) from the Late Tang Through the Song |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=126EsR8rpC8C&pg=PA77 |year=2007 |publisher= Chinese University Press |isbn= 978-962-996-227-2 |pages= 77–}} Descendants of the Tang Emperors now live in Chengcun village, near the Wuyi Mountains in Fujian.{{cite news |url= http://www.china.org.cn/english/culture/50676.htm |title= Past Glory Shines in Ancient Village |date= December 9, 2002 |newspaper= China Daily }}

During the Later Jin dynasty of the Five Dynasties period, there were dukedoms (二王三恪) established for the descendants of the Northern Zhou, Sui, and Tang imperial families.{{cite book|last=Ouyang|first=Xiu|others=Richard L. Davis, translator|title=Historical Records of the Five Dynasties|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R0QpslzUi50C&pg=PA76|date=5 April 2004|publisher=Columbia University Press|isbn=978-0-231-50228-3|pages=76–}}

The Hu family of Xidi are descended from Hu Shiliang, of Wuyuan, who was a descendant of Hu Changyi, a son of Emperor Zhaozong of Tang who was adopted by the Wuyuan Hu family.{{cite web |url=http://chinatour.net/anhui/huangshan/xidi/ |title=Xidi Village |website=ChinaTour.Net }}{{cite web |url=http://chinaxidi.com.cn/en/index.html |title=China Xidi-Huangshan Xidi-Welcome To Xidi |website=China Xidi }}{{cite web |url=http://www.chinaescapade.com/travel-guide/huangshan/xidi-village.html |title=Xidi village ancient village in the south of Anhui |website=China Escapade |access-date=2018-05-05 |archive-date=2018-05-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180506035855/http://www.chinaescapade.com/travel-guide/huangshan/xidi-village.html |url-status=dead }}{{cite web |url=http://meetchina21.com/product/xidi-village/ |title=Xidi Village |website=Meet China |access-date=2018-05-05 |archive-date=2018-05-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180506035558/http://meetchina21.com/product/xidi-village/ |url-status=dead }}{{cite web |url=http://english.rednet.cn/c/2015/07/07/3731503.htm |title=Ancient Villages in Southern Anhui – Xidi and Hongcun |editor-last=周 |editor-first=倩 |date=2015-07-07 |website=English Rednet }}{{cite web |url= https://www.chinadigitalreview.com/two-beauties-below-yellow-mountain/ |title= Two Beauties Below Yellow Mountain |date= July 27, 2015 |website= China Digital Review }}{{cite web |url= https://whc.unesco.org/uploads/nominations/1002.pdf |title= Ancient Villages in Southern Anhui - Xidi and Hongcun |date= 2 December 2000 |website= UNESCO World Heritage Centre }}

People

Family tree

{{tree chart|border=0 | | | Tan | |:| | gen | Tan=Tang dynasty|gen=''dotted line denotes passage of more than one generation }}

{{tree chart| | | | | | | | | Er |Er= Li Er {{normal|{{lang|zh|李耳}}}}, alias Li Dan 李聃
d.? Laozi {{normal|{{lang|zh|老子}}}}[https://archive.org/details/chinesetheirhist10lato Latourette 1934], p. 191.}}

{{tree chart| | | | | | | | | Zon |Zon=Li Zong {{normal|{{lang|zh|李宗}}}}
Courtesy name Zunzu {{normal|{{lang|zh|字尊祖}}}}
Forestry official in the
State of Wei {{normal|{{lang|zh|魏國木大夫}}}}}}

{{tree chart| | | | | | | | | Ton |Ton=Li Tong {{normal|{{lang|zh|李同}}}}
Grand General in the
State of Zhao {{normal|{{lang|zh|趙國大將軍}}}}}}

{{tree chart| | | | | | | | | Dui |Dui=Li Dui {{normal|{{lang|zh|李兌}}}}
Prime Minister of the
State of Zhao {{normal|{{lang|zh|趙國丞相}}}}}}

{{tree chart| | | | | | | | | Lji |Lji=Li Ji {{normal|{{lang|zh|李躋}}}}
Lord of Yang'an in the
State of Zhao {{normal|{{lang|zh|趙國陽安君}}}}}}

{{tree chart| | | | | | | | | Lke |Lke=Li Ke {{normal|{{lang|zh|李恪}}}}
Courtesy name Daohong {{normal|{{lang|zh|字道弘}}}}
Tutor to the crown prince
of the State of Qin {{normal|{{lang|zh|秦國太子太傅}}}}}}

{{tree chart| | | | | | | | | Lzu |Lzu=Li Xingzu {{normal|{{lang|zh|李興族}}}}, alias Li Wang，一名李汪
Courtesy name Yushen {{normal|{{lang|zh|字育神}}}}
General in the
State of Qin {{normal|{{lang|zh|秦國將軍}}}}}}

{{tree chart| | | | | | | | | Lan |Lan=Li Tan {{normal|{{lang|zh|李曇}}}}
Courtesy name Guiyuan {{normal|{{lang|zh|字貴遠}}}}
Marquis of Bairen county in the
State of Zhao, moved to the State of Qin
and became its Supreme Censor
{{normal|{{lang|zh|趙國柏人縣侯}}}}、入秦國為御史大夫}}

{{tree chart| | | | | | | | | Cng |Cng=Li Chong {{normal|{{lang|zh|李崇}}}}
Courtesy name Bo {{normal|{{lang|zh|字伯}}}}
(Note: the family line of the
Li of Longxi started from him)
{{normal|{{lang|zh|注}}}}：隴西李氏房系始於此
Prefect of Longxi and
Duke of Nanzheng {{normal|{{lang|zh|隴西郡太守}}}}、南鄭公}}

{{tree chart| | | | | | | | | Lpy |Lpy=Li Pingyao {{normal|{{lang|zh|李平瑤}}}}
Courtesy name Neide {{normal|{{lang|zh|字內德}}}}
Prefect of Nan and Marquis
of Didao {{normal|{{lang|zh|南郡太守}}}}、狄道侯}}

{{tree chart| | | | | | | | | Lxn |Lxn=Li Xin {{normal|{{lang|zh|李信}}}}
Courtesy name Youcheng {{normal|{{lang|zh|字有成}}}}
Grand General and enfeoffed as
Marquis of Longxi {{normal|{{lang|zh|大將軍}}}}、隴西侯}}

{{tree chart| | | | | | | | | Lco |Lco=Li Chao {{normal|{{lang|zh|李超}}}} alias Li Kang 一名伉
Courtesy name Rengao {{normal|{{lang|zh|字仁高}}}}
Grand General of the Han and
Prefect of Yuyang {{normal|{{lang|zh|漢大將軍}}}}、漁陽郡太守}}

{{tree chart| | | | | | | | | Lzg |Lzg=Li Zhongxiang {{normal|{{lang|zh|李仲翔}}}}
Prefect of Hedong
also held the military rank of
General Who Conquers the
West {{normal|{{lang|zh|河東郡太守}}}}、征西將軍}}

{{tree chart| | | | | | | | | Lbk |Lbk=Li Bokao {{normal|{{lang|zh|李伯考}}}}
Prefect of Longxi and
Hedong {{normal|{{lang|zh|隴西}}}}、河東二郡太守}}

{{tree chart| | | | | | | | | Lsg |Lsg=Li Shang {{normal|{{lang|zh|李尚}}}}
Magistrate of Chengji county
{{normal|{{lang|zh|成紀縣令}}}}}}

{{tree chart| | | | | | | | | Gug |Gug=Li Guang {{normal|{{lang|zh|李廣}}}} d.119 BC
General of Front Guard during
the Han dynasty {{normal|{{lang|zh|前將軍}}}}}}

{{tree chart| | | | | | | | | Gan| | | Dan | Gan= Li Gan {{normal|{{lang|zh|李敢}}}}
Courtesy name Youqing {{normal|{{lang|zh|字幼卿}}}}
Minister of the Imperial Bodyguard
and Marquis of Guannei {{normal|{{lang|zh|郎中令}}}}、關內侯|Dan=Li Danghu {{normal|{{lang|zh|李當戶}}}}

}}

{{tree chart| | | | | | | | | Lyu| | | Lin | Lyu= Li Yu {{normal|{{lang|zh|李禹}}}}
Courtesy name Zitong {{normal|{{lang|zh|字子通}}}}
|Lin=Li Ling{{normal|{{lang|zh|李陵}}}}
d.74 BC
General of the Han dynasty
}}

{{tree chart| | | | | | | | |Lcg| | | Krg | Lcg= Li Chenggong {{normal|{{lang|zh|李丞公}}}}
Courtesy name Chenggong {{normal|{{lang|zh|字丞公}}}}
Prefect of Henan
{{normal|{{lang|zh|河南郡太守}}}}|Krg=Yenisei Kirghiz Khagans
(surname Are {{normal|{{lang|zh|阿熱氏}}}}{{cite book|author=Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland|title=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain & Ireland|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0nyFAAAAIAAJ&dq=li+ling+kirghiz&pg=PA386|year=1889|publisher=Cambridge University Press for the Royal Asiatic Society|pages=386–}}
Khans of the Kirghiz Khaganate
all claimed descent from
Li Ling during the Tang dynasty}}

{{tree chart| | | | | | | | | Lxn| Lxn= Li Xian {{normal|{{lang|zh|李先}}}}
Courtesy name Jingzong {{normal|{{lang|zh|字敬宗}}}}
Prefect of Shu and
Beiping {{normal|{{lang|zh|蜀}}}}、北平二郡太守}}

{{tree chart| | | | | | | | | Lzg| Lzg= Li Zhangzong {{normal|{{lang|zh|李長宗}}}}
Courtesy name Boli {{normal|{{lang|zh|字伯禮}}}}
Secretary to the Prefect
of Yuyang {{normal|{{lang|zh|漁陽郡丞}}}}}}

{{tree chart| | | | | | | | | Ljk| Ljk=Li Junkuang {{normal|{{lang|zh|李君況}}}}
Courtesy names Shu {{normal|{{lang|zh|字叔}}}}
and Ziqi {{normal|{{lang|zh|一字子期}}}}
Imperial Savant, Court Consultant
and Intermediate Minister
{{normal|{{lang|zh|博士}}}}、議郎、太中大夫}}

{{tree chart| | | | | | | | | Lbn| Lbn= Li Ben {{normal|{{lang|zh|李本}}}}
Courtesy name Shangming {{normal|{{lang|zh|字上明}}}}
Served as Court Attendant
and Censor {{normal|{{lang|zh|郎中}}}}、侍御史}}

{{tree chart| | | | | | | | | Lcg| Lcg= Li Cigong {{normal|{{lang|zh|李次公}}}}
Courtesy name Zhongjun {{normal|{{lang|zh|字仲君}}}}
Prefect of Ba and Captain of the
Western Barbarians (in modern day
Sichuan) {{normal|{{lang|zh|巴郡太守}}}}、西夷校尉}}

{{tree chart| | | | | | | | | Lgi| Lgi= Li Gui {{normal|{{lang|zh|李軌}}}}
Courtesy name Wenyi {{normal|{{lang|zh|字文逸}}}}
Prefect of Linhuai in Wei of the
Three Kingdoms, later Minister of
Farming {{normal|{{lang|zh|三國魏臨淮郡太守}}}}、司農卿}}

{{tree chart| | | | | | | | | Llg| Llg= Li Long {{normal|{{lang|zh|李隆}}}}
Courtesy name Yanxu {{normal|{{lang|zh|字彥緒}}}}
Magistrate of Chang'an and
General of Massed Crossbows
{{normal|{{lang|zh|長安令}}}}、積弩將軍}}

{{tree chart| | | | | | | | | Lai| Lai= Li Ai {{normal|{{lang|zh|李艾}}}}
Courtesy name Shiji {{normal|{{lang|zh|字世績}}}}
General of Cavalry and Prefect
of Wei in the Western
Jin {{normal|{{lang|zh|西晉驍騎將軍}}}}、魏郡太守}}

{{tree chart| | | | | | | | | Lyg| Lyg= Li Yong {{normal|{{lang|zh|李雍}}}}
Courtesy name Junxi {{normal|{{lang|zh|字俊熙}}}}
Prefect of Jibei and Dongguan
in the Western Jin. {{normal|{{lang|zh|濟北}}}}、東莞二郡太守}}

{{tree chart| | | | | | | | | Lxn| Lxn= Li Yan {{normal|{{lang|zh|李弇}}}}
Courtesy name Jizi {{normal|{{lang|zh|字季子}}}}
Served Zhang Jun, king of the
Former Liang, as Prefect of Tianshui,
General of the Bodyguard,
and Marquis of Anxi Pavilion.
{{normal|{{lang|zh|前涼張駿天水郡太守}}}}、武衛將軍、安西亭侯}}

{{tree chart| | | | | | | | | Lcg| Lcg= Li Chang {{normal|{{lang|zh|李昶}}}}
Courtesy name Zhongjian {{normal|{{lang|zh|字仲堅}}}}
Lecturer to the Crown
Prince of the Former
Liang {{normal|{{lang|zh|前涼太子侍講}}}}}}

{{tree chart| | | | | | | | | Gao| Gao= Li Gao {{normal|{{lang|zh|李暠}}}} d.417AD
Courtesy name Xuansheng {{normal|{{lang|zh|字玄盛}}}}
King Wuzhao of the Western Liang
(founded Western Liang in 400 AD)
and posthumously titled of Emperor
Xingsheng {{normal|{{lang|zh|西涼武昭王}}}}、興聖皇帝
Prince Wuzhao of (Western)
Liang ({{normal|{{lang|zh|西}}}})涼武昭王主}}

{{tree chart| | | | | | | | | Xin| | | Xun | Xin= Li Xin {{normal|{{lang|zh|李歆}}}} d. 420
Courtesy name Shiye {{normal|{{lang|zh|字士業}}}}
Sovereign of Western Liang {{normal|{{lang|zh|西涼後主}}}}
Sovereign of Western Liang {{normal|{{lang|zh|西涼君主}}}}|Xun=Li Xun{{normal|{{lang|zh|李恂}}}} d. 421
Sovereign of Western Liang {{normal|{{lang|zh|西涼君主}}}}
Sovereign of Western Liang {{normal|{{lang|zh|西涼君主}}}}}}

{{tree chart| | | | | | | | | Cer| Cer= Li Chong'er {{normal|{{lang|zh|李重耳}}}}
Courtesy name Jingshun {{normal|{{lang|zh|字景順}}}}
When the Western Liang was conquered
[by the Northern Liang in 421], he fled to the
Liu-Song and was appointed Prefect of Runan.
Later, when the Northern Wei conquered
Yuzhou province he surrendered to them
and was appointed Prefect of Hengnong.
Yuzhou was then recaptured by
General Xue Andu of the Song.
Later served as General Who Subdues
the South and Governor of Yuzhou under
the Northern Wei. {{normal|{{lang|zh|以國亡奔宋}}}}，為汝南郡太守
北{{normal|{{lang|zh|魏克豫州}}}}，以地歸之，拜恒農郡太守，
複{{normal|{{lang|zh|為宋將薛安都所陷}}}}，北魏安南將軍、豫州刺史}}

{{tree chart| | | | | | | | | Xi| Xi= Li Xi {{normal|{{lang|zh|李熙}}}}
Courtesy name Mengliang {{normal|{{lang|zh|字孟良}}}}
General garrisoning Jinmen under
the Northern Wei. Posthumously given
the title Xianzu by the Tang
dynasty {{normal|{{lang|zh|北魏金門鎮將}}}}。（唐獻祖）}}

{{tree chart| | | | | | | | | Ltn| Ltn= Li Tianci {{normal|{{lang|zh|李天賜}}}} or Li Tianxi 李天錫
Courtesy name Dezhen {{normal|{{lang|zh|字德真}}}}
Posthumously given the title
Tang Yizu（{{normal|{{lang|zh|唐懿祖}}}}）}}

{{tree chart| | | | | | | | | Hu| Hu= Li Hu {{normal|{{lang|zh|李虎}}}} d.551
Courtesy name Wenbin {{normal|{{lang|zh|字文彬}}}}
Grand Pillar-of-the-State General
under the Northern Zhou, and enfeoffed
as Duke Xiang of the Duchy of Tang.
Posthumously titled as Tang Taizu.
{{normal|{{lang|zh|北周柱國大將軍}}}}、唐國襄公。（唐太祖）
Duke of Longxi {{normal|{{lang|zh|隴西郡公}}}}}}

{{tree chart| | | | | | | | | Bin| Bin= Li Bing {{normal|{{lang|zh|李昺}}}} d.572
Courtesy name Dezhen {{normal|{{lang|zh|字德真}}}}
Military Superintendent of Anzhou under the
Northern Zhou, Grand Pillar-of-the-State General,
and Duke Ren of Tang. Posthumously
Tang Daizu. {{normal|{{lang|zh|北周安州總管}}}}、柱國大將軍、
唐{{normal|{{lang|zh|國仁公}}}}。（唐代祖）Duke of Tang 唐國公}}

{{tree chart| | | | | | | | | Gzu |Gzu=Li Yuan {{normal|{{lang|zh|李淵}}}} 566–635
Gaozu {{normal|{{lang|zh|高祖}}}}
618–626}}

{{tree chart|border=0 | | | | | s1 | | s2 | | s4 | s1=1|s2=2|s4=4 }}

{{tree chart| | | | | Jcg | | Tzg | | Yji |Jcg=Li Jiancheng {{normal|{{lang|zh|李建成}}}} 589–626
Cr.Prince Yin {{normal|{{lang|zh|隱太子}}}}|Tzg=Li Shimin {{normal|{{lang|zh|李世民}}}} 599–649
Taizong {{normal|{{lang|zh|太宗}}}}
626–649|Yji=Li Yuanji {{normal|{{lang|zh|李元吉}}}} 603–626
Prince of Qi {{normal|{{lang|zh|齊王}}}} }}

{{tree chart| |!| LKe |!| Zen |!| LKe=Li Ke {{normal|{{lang|zh|李恪}}}} d. 653
Prince of Yulin {{normal|{{lang|zh|鬱林王}}}}|Zen=Li Zhen {{normal|{{lang|zh|李貞}}}} d. 688
Prince Jing of Yue {{normal|{{lang|zh|越敬王}}}}}}

{{tree chart|border=0 | s1 | | s4 | | s9 | | | | | | 2Zh | s1=1|s4=4|s9=9|2Zh=ZHOU DYNASTY }}

{{tree chart| Cqn | | Tai | | Gzg |-|-|-|-|v| WZT |Cqn=Li Chengqian {{normal|{{lang|zh|李承乾}}}} 619–645
Prince Min of Hengshan {{normal|{{lang|zh|恆山愍王}}}}|Tai=Li Tai {{normal|{{lang|zh|李泰}}}} 618–652
Prince Gong of Pu {{normal|{{lang|zh|濮恭王}}}}|Gzg=Li Zhi {{normal|{{lang|zh|李治}}}} 628–683
Gaozong {{normal|{{lang|zh|高宗}}}}
649–683|WZT=Wu Zhao {{normal|{{lang|zh|武曌}}}} 624–705
Wu Zetian {{normal|{{lang|zh|武則天}}}}
690–705}}

{{tree chart|border=0 | | | | | s1 | | s4 | | s51 | | s73 | | s84 | s1=1|s4=4|s51=5 (1)|s73=7 (3)|s84=8 (4) }}

{{tree chart| | | | | Zho | | Suj | | Xia | | Zzg | | Rzg | Zho=Li Zhong {{normal|{{lang|zh|李忠}}}} 643–665
Prince of Yan {{normal|{{lang|zh|燕王}}}}|Suj=Li Sujie {{normal|{{lang|zh|李素節}}}} 646–690
Prince of Xu {{normal|{{lang|zh|許王}}}}|Xia=Li Hong {{normal|{{lang|zh|李弘}}}} 652–675
Xiaojing {{normal|{{lang|zh|孝敬}}}}|Zzg=Li Xian {{normal|{{lang|zh|李顯}}}} 656–710
Zhongzong {{normal|{{lang|zh|中宗}}}}
684, 705–710|Rzg=Li Dan {{normal|{{lang|zh|李旦}}}} 662–716
Ruizong {{normal|{{lang|zh|睿宗}}}}
684–690, 710–712}}

{{tree chart|border=0 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | s4 | | |!| | s3=3|s4=4 }}

{{tree chart| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | lad | | |!| | lad=Li Chongmao {{normal|{{lang|zh|李重茂}}}} 695/698–714
Shangdi {{normal|{{lang|zh|殤帝}}}}
710 }}

{{tree chart|border=0 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | s1 | | s3 | s1=1|s3=3 }}

{{tree chart| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Cqi | | Xuz | Cqi=Li Chengqi {{normal|{{lang|zh|李成器}}}} 679–742
Rangdi {{normal|{{lang|zh|讓帝}}}}|Xuz=Li Longji {{normal|{{lang|zh|李隆基}}}} 685–762
Xuanzong I {{normal|{{lang|zh|玄宗}}}}
712–756}}

{{tree chart|border=0 | | | | | | | | | s1 | | s2 | | s3 | | s16 |s1=1|s2=2|s3=3|s16=16}}

{{tree chart| | | | | | | | | Con | | Yin | | Suz | | Lin | Con=Li Cong {{normal|{{lang|zh|李琮}}}} d. 752
Fengtian {{normal|{{lang|zh|奉天}}}}|Yin=Li Ying {{normal|{{lang|zh|李瑛}}}} d. 737
Crown Prince|Suz=Li Heng {{normal|{{lang|zh|李亨}}}} 711–762
Suzong {{normal|{{lang|zh|肅宗}}}}
756–762|Lin=Li Lin {{normal|{{lang|zh|李璘}}}} d. 757
Prince of Yong {{normal|{{lang|zh|永王}}}}}}

{{tree chart|border=0 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | s1 | | s3 | s1=1|s3=3 }}

{{tree chart| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Dai | | Tan | Dai=Li Yu {{normal|{{lang|zh|李豫}}}} 727–779
Daizong {{normal|{{lang|zh|代宗}}}}
762–779|Tan=Li Tan {{normal|{{lang|zh|李倓}}}} d. 757
Chengtian {{normal|{{lang|zh|承天}}}}}}

{{tree chart|border=0 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | s1 | s1=1 }}

{{tree chart| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Dez | Dez=Li Gua {{normal|{{lang|zh|李适}}}} 742–805
Dezong {{normal|{{lang|zh|德宗}}}}
779–805}}

{{tree chart|border=0 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | s1 | s1=1 }}

{{tree chart| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Shz | Shz=Li Song {{normal|{{lang|zh|李誦}}}} 761–806
Shunzong {{normal|{{lang|zh|順宗}}}}
805}}

{{tree chart|border=0 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | s1 | s1=1 }}

{{tree chart| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Xnz | Xnz=Li Chun {{normal|{{lang|zh|李純}}}} 778–820
Xianzong {{normal|{{lang|zh|憲宗}}}}
805–820}}

{{tree chart|border=0 | | | | | s1 | | s3 | | | | | | s13 | s1=1|s3=3|s13=13 }}

{{tree chart| | | | | Nin | | Mzg | | | | | | Xuz | Nin=Li Ning {{normal|{{lang|zh|李寧}}}} 793–812
Cr.Prince Huizhao {{normal|{{lang|zh|惠昭太子}}}}|Mzg=Li Heng {{normal|{{lang|zh|李恆}}}} 795–824
Muzong {{normal|{{lang|zh|穆宗}}}}
820–824|Xuz=Li Chen {{normal|{{lang|zh|李忱}}}} 810–859
Xuānzong {{normal|{{lang|zh|宣宗}}}}
846–859}}

{{tree chart|border=0 | | | | | s1 | | s2 | | s5 | | s1 | s1=1|s2=2|s5=5 }}

{{tree chart| | | | | Jgz | | Wnz | | Wuz | | Yzg |Jgz=Li Zhan {{normal|{{lang|zh|李湛}}}} 809–827
Jingzong {{normal|{{lang|zh|敬宗}}}}
824–827|Wnz=Li Ang {{normal|{{lang|zh|李昂}}}} 809–840
Wenzong {{normal|{{lang|zh|文宗}}}}
827–840|Wuz=Li Yang {{normal|{{lang|zh|李炎}}}} 814–846
Wuzong {{normal|{{lang|zh|武宗}}}}
840–846 |Yzg=Li Cui {{normal|{{lang|zh|李漼}}}} 833–873
Yizong {{normal|{{lang|zh|懿宗}}}}
859–873}}

{{tree chart|border=0 | | | | | | | | | | | | | s5 | | s7 | s5=5|s7=7 }}

{{tree chart| | | | | | | | | | | | | Xiz | | Zzg | Xiz=Li Xuan {{normal|{{lang|zh|李儇}}}} 862–888
Xizong {{normal|{{lang|zh|僖宗}}}}
873–888|Zzg=Li Yue {{normal|{{lang|zh|李曄}}}} 867–904
Zhaozong {{normal|{{lang|zh|昭宗}}}}
888–904}}

{{tree chart|border=0 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | s9 | s9=9 }}

{{tree chart| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Adi | Adi=Li Zhu {{normal|{{lang|zh|李柷}}}} 892–908
Aidi {{normal|{{lang|zh|哀帝}}}} or
Zhaoxuan {{normal|{{lang|zh|昭宣}}}}
904–907}}

References

Category:Chinese monarchs

Category:Surnames

House of Li

Family information

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See also

References