Human experimentation in North Korea

Human experimentation in North Korea has been described by several North Korean defectors, including former prisoner Lee Soon-ok, former prison guards Kwon Hyok and Ahn Myung-chul, and others.

David Hawk, [https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_HiddenGulag2_Web_5-18.pdf The Hidden Gulag, Second Edition] (Washington, DC: Committee for Human Rights in North Korea, 2012), [https://web.archive.org/web/20210511131140/http://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_HiddenGulag2_Web_5-18.pdf archived] May 11, 2021, at the Wayback Machine. In Lee's testimony to the U.S. SenateSoon Ok Lee, "Testimony of Ms. Soon Ok Lee", Hearings & Meetings, United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary, June 21, 2002, [https://archive.today/20080922033340/http://judiciary.senate.gov/hearings/testimony.cfm?id=292&wit_id=665 archived] September 22, 2008, at archive.today. and in her prison memoir Eyes of the Tailless Animals (published in 1999) she recounted witnessing two instances of lethal human experimentation. An episode of the BBC television programme This World{{hsp}}Olenka Frenkiel, [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/this_world/3440771.stm "Within prison walls"], BBC News, January 30, 2004, [https://archive.today/20120525185219/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/this_world/3440771.stm archived] May 25, 2012, at archive.today.Olenka Frenkiel, [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/newsnight/3933727.stm "Human guinea pigs"], BBC News, July 28, 2004, [https://archive.today/20120713122933/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/newsnight/3933727.stm archived] July 13, 2012, at archive.today. detailed some of the allegations.Anne Applebaum, [https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A10791-2004Feb3.html "Auschwitz Under Our Noses"], The Washington Post, February 4, 2004, [https://archive.today/20101023091031/https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A10791-2004Feb3.html archived] October 23, 2010, at archive.today.

The accusations have been described as "very plausible" by a senior US official quoted anonymously by NBC News.

Robert Windrem, [https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna3071466 "Death, terror in N. Korea gulag"], NBC News, October 24, 2003, [https://archive.today/20210606081040/https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna3071466 archived] June 6, 2021, at archive.today. Lee's accounts have been questioned by Chang In-suk, former head of the North Korean Defectors’ Association in Seoul, as well as a number of former North Korean citizens on NKnet who believed that Lee's accounts were "unlikely to be true".{{cite news |last1=Song |first1=Jiyoung |title=Why do North Korean defector testimonies so often fall apart? |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/oct/13/why-do-north-korean-defector-testimonies-so-often-fall-apart |access-date=12 January 2022 |agency=NK News |work=The Guardian |date=13 October 2015}}{{cite journal |last1=Yi |first1=Joseph |last2=Phillips |first2=Joe |last3=Lee |first3=Wondong |title=Manufacturing Contempt: State-Linked Populism in South Korea |journal=Society |date=October 2019 |volume=56 |issue=5 |page=496 |doi=10.1007/s12115-019-00404-2 |s2cid=203069756 |access-date=12 January 2022|url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12115-019-00404-2|url-access=subscription }}

Lee described an experiment in which 50 healthy female prisoners were selected and given poisoned cabbage leaves. All of the women were required to eat the cabbage, despite cries of distress from those who had already eaten. All 50 died after 20 minutes of vomiting blood and anal bleeding. Refusing to eat the cabbage would allegedly have meant reprisals against them and their families.

Kwon Hyok, who has stated he was a former head of security at Camp 22, described laboratories equipped with glass gas chambers for suffocation gas experiments, in which three or four people, normally a family, are the experimental subjects.Antony Barnett, [https://www.theguardian.com/korea/article/0,2763,1136483,00.html "Revealed: the gas chamber horror of North Korea's gulag"], Guardian Unlimited, January 1, 2004, [https://archive.today/20180314200443/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2004/feb/01/northkorea archived] March 14, 2018, at archive.today.Joshua Stanton, [https://freekorea.us/2007/02/18/holocaust-now-looking-down-into-hell-at-camp-22/ "Holocaust Now: Looking Down Into Hell at Camp 22"], FreeKorea.us, published February 18, 2007, last modified April 2012, [https://archive.today/20120530152427/http://freekorea.us/2007/02/18/holocaust-now-looking-down-into-hell-at-camp-22/ archived] May 30, 2012, at archive.today. After the people undergo medical checks, the chambers are sealed and poison is injected through a tube, while scientists observe from above through glass. In a report reminiscent of an earlier account of a family of seven, Kwon claims to have watched one family of two parents, a son and a daughter die from suffocating gas, with the parents trying to save the children using mouth-to-mouth resuscitation for as long as they had the strength. Dr. Kim, a chemist who led these experiments before defecting from North Korea, confirmed these reports and stated that the experiments' purposes included observing the poison gas's effects on victims' mental state and determining how much gas would be needed to kill everyone in an area.

Kwon's testimony was supported by documents from Camp 22 describing the transfer of prisoners designated for the experiments; the documents were identified as genuine by Kim Sang-hun, a London-based expert on Korea and human rights activist. Toxicologist Alastair Hay stated that Kim's testimony is detailed and scientifically accurate enough that it is likely to be true. A press conference in Pyongyang, organized by North Korean authorities, denounced the allegations and claimed that the corroborating documents had been forged.[http://english.people.com.cn/200403/31/eng20040331_138993.shtml "DPRK civilians admit faking papers on chemical weapons testing on humans at a press conference in Pyongyang"], People's Daily, an official organ of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party, March 31, 2004, [https://archive.today/20120709133240/http://english.people.com.cn/200403/31/eng20040331_138993.shtml archived] July 9, 2012, at archive.today.{{cite web|title=Truth behind False Report about 'Experiment of Chem. Weapons on Human Bodies' in DPRK Disclosed|agency=Korean Central News Agency|date=March 30, 2004|url=http://www.kcna.co.jp/item/2004/200403/news03/31.htm|access-date=2005-12-13 |archive-date=2005-10-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051028082759/http://www.kcna.co.jp/item/2004/200403/news03/31.htm |url-status=bot: unknown }} Shin Eon-sang, South Korea's Assistant Minister for Unification Policy, stated that "[t]he authenticity of the evidence is difficult to assess" because North Korean defectors' "claims are in most cases exaggerated." Kwon's account was also questioned by the Yonhap News Agency based in South Korea, which argued he had never served in a political prison and had no access to the information he claimed.{{cite web |last1=Song |first1=Jiyoung |title=Unreliable witnesses |url=https://www.policyforum.net/unreliable-witnesses/ |website=Asia & the Pacific Policy Society |date=2 August 2015 |access-date=12 January 2022}} Kwon and Kim claim that the South Korean National Intelligence Service told them not to talk about North Korean human experimentation to avoid harming South Korea's relations with North Korea, and harassed them and denied them passports when they refused.

Former prison guard Ahn Myung-chul has reported that young doctors practice surgeries on prisoners without anesthesia.

Ahn Myung Chul, [http://www.dailynk.com/english/read.php?cataId=nk02600&num=506 "Prisoners Used for Medical Operation Practice"], Daily NK, January 18, 2006, [https://archive.today/20130120073512/http://www.dailynk.com/english/read.php?cataId=nk02600&num=506 archived] January 20, 2013, at archive.today.

{{Portal|North Korea}}

• Illicit activities of North Korea

International

• Unit 731, Japan
• Project MKUltra
• Nazi human experimentation
• Poison laboratory of the Soviet secret services
• Toul Sleng Genocide Museum, Khmer Rouge
• Unethical human experimentation
• Unethical human experimentation in the United States

{{reflist}}

• [https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna3071468 "Former guard: Ahn Myong Chol North Korean prison guard remembers atrocities."]
• [https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna3071464 "A survivor: Soon Ok Lee 7 years of torture in N. Korean prison camp."]

{{World topic|title=Unethical human experimentation|Human experimentation in|noredlinks = yes}}

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Category:Human rights abuses in North Korea

Category:Medical experimentation on prisoners

Category:Torture in North Korea

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