Human rights in Ukraine#Situation

As part of the Soviet Union, all human rights were severely limited. The Soviet Union was a one-party state until 1990{{Cite web|date=10 October 2017|title=Закон СССР от 14 марта 1990 г. N 1360-I "Об учреждении поста Президента СССР и внесении изменений и дополнений в Конституцию (Основной Закон) СССР"|url=http://constitution.garant.ru/history/ussr-rsfsr/1977/zakony/185465/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010070843/http://constitution.garant.ru/history/ussr-rsfsr/1977/zakony/185465/|url-status=dead|archive-date=10 October 2017|access-date=4 January 2021}} and a totalitarian state from 1927 until 1953{{Cite web|title=totalitarianism {{!}} Definition, Examples, & Facts|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/totalitarianism|access-date=3 January 2021|website=Encyclopædia Britannica|language=en}}{{Cite book|last1=Rutland |first1=Peter |year=1993 |title=The Politics of Economic Stagnation in the Soviet Union: The Role of Local Party Organs in Economic Management |publisher=Cambridge University Press |page=9 |isbn=978-0-521-39241-9 |quote=“after 1953 ...This was still an oppressive regime, but not a totalitarian one.”}}{{Cite book|last1=Krupnik |first1=Igor |year=1995 |title="4. Soviet Cultural and Ethnic Policies Towards Jews: A Legacy Reassessed". In Ro'i, Yaacov (ed.). Jews and Jewish Life in Russia and the Soviet Union. |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-714-64619-0 |quote=“The era of 'social engineering' in the Soviet Union ended with the death of Stalin in 1953 or soon after; and that was the close of the totalitarian regime itself.”}}{{Cite book|last1=von Beyme |first1=Klaus |year=2014 |title=On Political Culture, Cultural Policy, Art and Politics. |publisher=Springer |page=65 |isbn=978-3-319-01559-0 |quote=“The Soviet Union after the death of Stalin moved from totalitarianism to authoritarian rule.”}} where members of the Communist Party held all key positions in the institutions of the state and other organizations. Freedom of speech was suppressed and dissent was punished. Independent political activities were not tolerated, whether these involved participation in free labor unions, private corporations, independent churches or opposition political parties. The freedom of movement within and especially outside the country was limited.

In 1991 Ukraine declared independence. The referendum on the Act of Declaration of Independence was held in Ukraine on 1 December 1991.Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) Elections in Europe: A data handbook, page 1976 {{ISBN|9783832956097}} An overwhelming majority of 92.3% of voters approved the declaration of independence made by the Verkhovna Rada on 24 August 1991. Until 8 June 1995, Ukraine's supreme law was the Constitution (Fundamental Law) of the Ukrainian SSR (adopted in 1978, with numerous later amendments). On 8 June 1995, President Leonid Kuchma and Speaker Oleksandr Moroz (acting on behalf of the parliament) signed the Constitutional Agreement for the period until a new constitution could be drafted.

The first constitution since independence was adopted during an overnight parliamentary session after almost 24 hours of debate of 27–28 June 1996, unofficially known as "the constitutional night of 1996". The Law No. 254/96-BP ratifying the constitution, nullifying previous constitutions. The Agreement was ceremonially signed and promulgated in mid-July 1996. According to a ruling of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine, the constitution took force at the moment when the results of the parliamentary vote were announced on 28 June 1996 at approx. 9 a.m. Kyiv Time and for the first time enshrined the obligations of human rights into law.

{{update section|date=November 2022}}

Ukraine was labelled as "free" by Freedom House in 2009.{{cite web |title=Freedom in the World 2018 |url=https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-world/2018/ukraine |access-date=10 October 2018 |work=freedomhouse.org |archive-date=22 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190722231942/https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-world/2018/ukraine |url-status=dead }} In their report they stated, "Ukraine has one of the most vibrant civil societies in the region. Citizens are increasingly taking issues into their own hands, protesting against unwanted construction, and exposing corruption. There were no limits seen on NGO activities. Trade unions function, but strikes and worker protests were infrequently observed, even though dissatisfaction with the state of economic affairs was pervasive in the fall of 2008. Factory owners were seen as still able to pressure their workers to vote according to the owners' preferences."

On 20 October 2009 experts from the Council of Europe stated, "in the last five years the experts from the Council of Europe who monitor Ukraine have expressed practically no concerns regarding the important [process of the] formation of a civil society in Ukraine. Ukraine is one of the democratic states in Europe that is securing human rights as a national policy, as well as securing the rights of national minorities."{{cite news|url=http://www.kyivpost.com/content/ukraine/experts-of-council-of-europe-have-no-remarks-to-uk-51015.html |title=Experts of Council of Europe have no remarks to Ukraine concerning rights and freedom of citizens |work=Kyiv Post |date=20 October 2009 |access-date=4 October 2015}} According to Human Rights Watch (HRW), "while civil society institutions operate mostly without government interference, police abuse and violations of the rights of vulnerable groups … continue to mar Ukraine's human rights record."{{cite web|url=http://hrw.org/englishwr2k7/docs/2007/01/11/ukrain14835.htm|title=Ukraine: Events of 2006|publisher=Human Rights Watch|year=2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070116150453/http://hrw.org/englishwr2k7/docs/2007/01/11/ukrain14835.htm|archive-date=16 January 2007}}

After the early 2010 election of President Viktor Yanukovych international organizations started to voice their concern. According to Freedom House, "Ukraine under President Yanukovych has become less democratic and, if current trends are left unchecked, may head down a path toward autocracy and kleptocracy." Among the recent negative developments, they mentioned, "a more restrictive environment for the media, selective prosecution of opposition figures, worrisome intrusiveness by the Security Service of Ukraine, widely criticized local elections in October 2010 … and erosion of basic freedoms of assembly and speech." This led Freedom House to downgrade Ukraine from "Free" to "Partly Free" in Freedom in the World 2011.{{cite web|first1=David J. | last1=Kramer|first2=Robert | last2=Nurick|first3=Damon | last3=Wilson|first4=Evan | last4=Alterman|url=http://freedomhouse.org/uploads/special_report/98.pdf|title=Sounding the Alarm: Protecting Democracy in Ukraine, 2010|work=Freedom House|date=April 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110516011426/http://freedomhouse.org/uploads/special_report/98.pdf|archive-date=16 May 2011}} Also in 2011 Amnesty International spoke of "an increase in the number of allegations of torture and ill-treatment in police custody, restrictions on the freedom of speech and assembly, as well as mass manifestations of xenophobia".{{cite news|url=http://www.kyivpost.com/content/ukraine/radio-liberty-amnesty-international-notes-worsenin-104315.html|title=Radio Liberty: Amnesty International notes worsening of human rights situation in Ukraine|work=Kyiv Post|date=13 May 2011|access-date=3 October 2015}}

In Reporters Without Borders Press Freedom Index 2010 Ukraine had fallen from 89th place to 131.{{cite web|url=http://en.rsf.org/press-freedom-index-2010,1034.html |title=Press Freedom Index 2010 |work=Reporters Without Borders |date=20 October 2010 |access-date=4 October 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101124050702/http://en.rsf.org/press-freedom-index-2010%2C1034.html |archive-date=24 November 2010 }} Neighboring Russia's press freedom was ranked at position 140.{{cite web|url=http://khpg.org/en/index.php?id=1287564247|title=Ukraine's Press Freedom Index rating falls steeply|publisher=Kharkiv Human Rights Protection Group|date=10 October 2010|access-date=4 October 2010}} The International Federation for Human Rights called Ukraine "one of the countries seeing the most serious violations against human rights activists" in December 2011.{{cite news|url=http://www.kyivpost.com/content/ukraine/report-ukraine-among-states-with-worst-human-right-118917.html|title=Report: Ukraine among states with worst human rights records|work=Kyiv Post|date=14 December 2011|access-date=4 October 2015}}

As of late 2013 the situation continued to deteriorate and was one of the causes of the Euromaidan revolution, as joining or even working towards meeting the requirement to join the European Union would dramatically improve human rights across Ukraine. Russia, which had already laid the ground work reacted to the Euromaidan protests and invaded Crimea and the wider Donbas regions.

• International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR)
• (First) Optional Protocol to the ICCPR
• International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
• Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW)
• Optional Protocol to CEDAW
• Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC)
• Optional Protocol to the CRC on the involvement of children in armed conflict
• International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination
• Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment
• Optional Protocol to the Convention against Torture
• Convention relating to the Status of Refugees (1951)
• Protocol relating to the Status of Refugees (1967)

Ukraine signed but not yet ratified

• Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court

• European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (ECHR) (1950)
• Protocol No. 6 to the ECHR concerning the abolition of the death penalty in times of peace (1983)
• Protocol No. 12 to the ECHR concerning the general prohibition of discrimination (2000)
• Protocol No. 13 to the ECHR concerning the abolition of the death penalty in all circumstances (2002)
• Framework Convention on the Protection of National Minorities

File:A peaceful demonstration in Kharkiv during the 2004 Orange Revolution.jpg during the 2004 Orange Revolution]]

As of 17 January 2013 Ukraine had lost all of its 211 cases at the European Court of Human Rights.{{cite news|url=http://www.pravda.com.ua/news/2013/01/17/6981673/|script-title=uk:Україна програла 11 мільйонів за день|trans-title=Ukraine lost 11 million in a day|work=Ukrayinska Pravda|language=uk|date=17 January 2013|access-date=4 October 2015}}

{{main|War crimes in the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine#Ill-treatment, torture and willful killing of civilians}}

After Bucha, Lyman, Makariv, and Kherson were liberated from Russian occupation, Ukraine discovered mass graves containing bodies of civilians. Victims frequently bore evidence of torture.{{cite news|newspaper=LA Times |title=Calls grow for more sanctions on Russia after mass graves found around Kyiv |first1=Patrick J. |last1=McDonnell |first2=Jaweed |last2=Kaleem |date=4 April 2022 |url=https://news.yahoo.com/calls-grow-more-sanctions-russia-120709404.html?fr=yhssrp_catchall}}{{cite news |title=Police: More than 900 civilian bodies found in Kyiv region |url=https://apnews.com/article/russia-ukraine-zelenskyy-kyiv-business-black-sea-22d7279f32c15d4a7037a2195113fb57 |access-date=16 April 2022 |publisher=AP News |date=16 April 2022}}{{Cite news |last1=Maloletka |first1=Evgeniy |date=16 September 2022 |title=Ukraine's president says a new mass grave is found near a recaptured city |publisher=NPR |url=https://www.npr.org/2022/09/16/1123400735/ukraines-president-says-a-new-mass-grave-is-found-near-a-recaptured-city |access-date=2022-09-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220916081103/https://www.npr.org/2022/09/16/1123400735/ukraines-president-says-a-new-mass-grave-is-found-near-a-recaptured-city |archive-date=16 September 2022}}{{Cite news |last1=Harding |first1=Luke |date=16 September 2022 |title=Ukraine says victims from Izium mass grave show signs of torture |work=The Guardian |location=Kyiv |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/sep/16/ukraine-mass-grave-with-440-bodies-discovered-in-recaptured-izium-says-police-chief |access-date=16 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220916161701/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/sep/16/ukraine-mass-grave-with-440-bodies-discovered-in-recaptured-izium-says-police-chief |archive-date=16 September 2022}}{{cite news|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/torture-chamber-mass-grave-found-in-kherson-ukraine-after-russias-retreat/|work=CBS News|title="Torture chamber," mass grave found in Kherson, Ukraine after Russia's retreat|access-date=14 December 2022|date=19 November 2022|author=Chris Livesay}}

International observers, including Freedom House and the United States Department of State, generally consider Ukrainian election processes to be free and fair. However, there were credible allegations of vote-buying, and media coverage was at times biased. Nazi and Communist parties are banned.{{cite web|url=https://www.state.gov/reports/2020-country-reports-on-human-rights-practices/ukraine/|work=United States Department of State|title=2020 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices: Ukraine|access-date=13 December 2022}}

{{main|Judiciary of Ukraine}}

Amendments to the constitution, which came into force, were detrimental to the right to receive a fair trial because they re-introduced the so-called general supervision by the prosecutor's office. Other serious problems included lengthy periods for review of cases because the courts were overloaded; infringement of equality of arms; non-observance of the presumption of innocence; the failure to execute court rulings; and high level of corruption in courts.{{cite web|url=http://www.refworld.org/pdfid/469399ccd.pdf|title=International Helsinki Federation Annual Report on Human Rights Violations (2007): Ukraine|work=ihf-hr.org|publisher=refworld.org|date= 27 March 2007|access-date=18 April 2016}} Independent lawyers and human rights activists have complained Ukrainian judges regularly come under pressure to hand down a certain verdict.{{cite news|author=Richard Balmforth|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-ukraine-justice-idUSBRE83809L20120409|title=Insight: In Ukraine, scales of justice often imbalanced|work=Reuters|date=9 April 2012|access-date=4 October 2015}}

According to Freedom House, the judiciary has become more efficient and less corrupt since the Orange Revolution.

Recent (since 2010) trials of high-profile political figures{{#tag:ref|Cases were opened against:

1) Prime Minister – Tymoshenko.

2) Minister of Police – Lutsenko.

3) Minister of Defence – Ivashchenko.

4) Minister of Finance – Danylyshyn.

5) Minister of Natural Resources – Filipchuk.

6) Deputy Minister of Justice – Korneichuk.

7) Head of Customs of Ukraine – Makarenko.

8) Head of the regional customs – Shepitko.

9–10) Head of the State Treasury of Ukraine – Slyuz; Deputy head – Gritsoun.

11) Deputy head of "Naftogaz" (state monopoly on trade in gas and oil) – Didenko.

12) Governor of Dnipropetrovsk region (former Minister of Transport) – Bondar.

Repeatedly called in for questioning in order to open a criminal case : [http://file.liga.net/person/423-vasilii-kyibida.html minister and former mayor of Lviv – Kuybida]; First Deputy Prime Minister – Turchynov.[https://web.archive.org/web/20110831222818/http://www.kyivpost.com/news/nation/detail/99516/ Jailhouse Watch: Many former top officials remain in jail for months], Kyiv Post (11 March 2011)|group=nb}} Yulia Tymoshenko, Yuriy Lutsenko, Igor Didenko,{{cite news|author=Christian Neef|url=http://www.spiegel.de/international/europe/a-stockholm-conspiracy-the-underbelly-of-ukrainian-gas-dealings-a-736745.html|title=A Stockholm Conspiracy: The Underbelly of Ukrainian Gas Dealings|work=Der Spiegel|date=30 December 2010|access-date=4 October 2015}} Anatoliy Makarenko{{cite news|url=http://www.kyivpost.com/news/politics/detail/79199/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101022015910/http://www.kyivpost.com/news/politics/detail/79199/|archive-date=22 October 2010|title=Court extends Makarenko's arrest until October 10|work=Kyiv Post|date=14 September 2011}} and Valeriy Ivaschenko{{cite news|author=Will Fitzgibbon|url=http://www.kyivpost.com/news/nation/detail/112081/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110902073053/http://www.kyivpost.com/news/nation/detail/112081/|archive-date=2 September 2011|title=Ex-minister Ivashchenko's son: 'This is about revenge'|work=Kyiv Post|date=24 September 2011}} have been described by the European Commission, the United States and other international organizations as "unfair, untransparent and not independent"{{cite news|url=http://www.kyivpost.com/news/nation/detail/123225/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120228142209/https://www.kyivpost.com/news/nation/detail/123225/|archive-date=28 February 2012|title=EU statement:'We are disappointed' with Lutsenko verdict|work=Kyiv Post|date=27 February 2012}} and "selective prosecution of political opponents".{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-14459446|title=Q&A: Ukraine's Yulia Tymoshenko on trial|work=BBC News|date=11 October 2011|access-date=4 October 2015}}{{cite news|url=http://www.kyivpost.com/news/politics/detail/114556/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111228141459/http://www.kyivpost.com/news/politics/detail/114556/|archive-date=28 December 2011|title=Amnesty International: Jailed former Ukraine prime minister must be released|work=Kyiv Post|date=11 October 2011}}{{cite news|url=http://www.kyivpost.com/news/politics/detail/122050/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120208180711/https://www.kyivpost.com/news/politics/detail/122050/|archive-date=8 February 2012|title=Parliament again votes down proposal to decriminalize 'Tymoshenko article'|work=Kyiv Post|agency=Interfax-Ukraine|date=8 February 2012}}

{{Main|Language policy in Ukraine}}

Multiple languages have always been spoken in what is now Ukraine.{{cite book |last=Magocsi |first=Paul R. |title=A history of Ukraine : the land and its peoples |date=2010 |publisher=University of Toronto Press |isbn=978-1-4426-4085-6 |publication-place=Toronto |page=7 |oclc=463766328}} In the 19th century the Russians and Jews were the main ethnic groups in the urban areas while the countryside was mostly Ukrainian.The settlement of New Russia is discussed in {{cite book |last1=Kappeler |first1=Andreas |title=The Russian Empire: A Multi-ethnic History |date=2014 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=9781317568094 |chapter=The Late Tsarist Multiethnic Empire between Modernization and Tradition}}Dnieper Ukraine is discussed by {{cite book |last1=Magocsi |first1=Paul Robert |title=A History of Ukraine: The Land and Its Peoples, Second Edition |date=2010 |publisher=University of Toronto Press |isbn=9781442698796 |page=353}} Ukraine has a history of linguistic conflict dating back to at least the 19th century. In 1863, Russian Minister of Internal Affairs Pyotr Valuev issued a circular that banned the publication of religious texts and educational texts written in the Ukrainian language.{{cite book| author=Miller, Alexei | title=The Ukrainian Question. The Russian Empire and Nationalism in the Nineteenth Century| location= Budapest-New York | publisher= Central European University Press| year = 203 | isbn =963-9241-60-1 }}

The Soviet policy towards the Ukrainian language varied from the promotion of it under Lenin ("indigenization") to the persecution of the pro-Ukrainian language movement under Stalin, and tolerance of it which was coupled with the gradual decline of the use of the Ukrainian language and the creeping russification of Ukraine under Khrushchev and Brezhnev.{{cite book |last=Grenoble |first=Lenore A. |title=Language Policy in the Soviet Union |publisher=Kluwer Academic Publishers |year=2003 |isbn=0-306-48083-2 |volume=3 |publication-place=New York, Boston, Dordrecht, London, Moscow |doi=10.1007/0-306-48083-2 |s2cid=127542313}} Following Ukraine's declaration of independence in 1991, the previous pro-Russian policies were reversed and the use of the Ukrainian language was actively encouraged and in certain areas, it was made compulsory. The 1996 Constitution stated that Ukrainian is the state language, and it also stated that the free use and development of Russian and other national minority languages is also permitted.

Subsequent legislation made the use of Ukrainian mandatory in various areas of public life.{{cite web |url=https://www.kyivpost.com/ukraine-politics/parliament-passes-ukrainian-language-bill.html |title=Parliament passes Ukrainian language bill |last=Sukhov |first=Oleg |date=April 25, 2019 |website=Kyiv Post |publisher= |access-date= |quote=}}{{Cite web |last=Wesolowsky |first=Tony |date=September 24, 2017 |title=Ukrainian Language Bill Facing Barrage Of Criticism From Minorities, Foreign Capitals |url=https://www.rferl.org/a/ukraine-language-legislation-minority-languages-russia-hungary-romania/28753925.html |access-date=2022-12-05 |website=Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty |language=en}} Exceptions were made for languages that are considered "indigenous" because the speakers of them lack a kin-state, such as the Crimean Tatar language and the Karaim language, as well as those languages that are the official languages of the European Union. However, significant minority languages in Ukraine, such as Russian, Belarusian and Jewish, are neither official EU languages nor indigenous, and concerns have been raised about their protection.{{Cite web |date=8 December 2017 |title=Criticism of Ukraine's language law justified: rights body |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-ukraine-language-idUSKBN1E227K |work=Reuters.com}} For example, print and online publications in languages that do not meet these criteria are prohibited unless they also have a Ukrainian translation, and secondary schooling in these languages is prohibited. The differential treatment of minority languages has been criticized on human rights and discrimination grounds by the Venice Commission, Human Rights Watch and the United Nations Human Rights Office.European Commission for Democracy through Law (Venice Commission), [https://www.venice.coe.int/webforms/documents/?pdf=CDL-AD(2019)032-e Ukraine - Opinion on the Law on Supporting the Functioning of the Ukrainian Language as the State Language], adopted by the Venice Commission at its 121st Plenary Session (Venice, 6–7 December 2019), pages 10-11, 16. CDL-AD(2019)032.{{cite report|publisher=OHCHR|date=1 June 2019|title=Report on the human rights situation in Ukraine 16 February to 15 May 2019 |url=https://www.ohchr.org/en/documents/country-reports/report-human-rights-situation-ukraine-16-february-15-may-2019|at=para. 81}}

Russia exaggerated the real language issues, using them to create a false justification for the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine. False claims included claims that Ukraine has been committing genocide, and claims that Ukrainians have been shooting people who speak Russian.{{cite web|url=https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2022/mar/22/facebook-posts/no-evidence-support-claims-ukraine-killing-people-/ |title=No evidence to support claims that Ukraine is killing people for speaking Russian |work=Politifact|author=Ciara O'Rourke|date=22 March 2022|access-date=14 December 2022}}{{Cite news |last1=Afanasiev |first1=Ievgen |last2=Mann |first2=Brian |last3=Selyukh |first3=Alina |last4=Nadworny |first4=Elissa |date=2022-06-02 |title=Ukraine agonizes over Russian culture and language in its social fabric |language=en |work=NPR |url=https://www.npr.org/2022/06/02/1101712731/russia-invasion-ukraine-russian-language-culture-identity |access-date=2022-12-16}} In areas it controlled, Russia required that all classes be in Russian{{Cite web |date=15 September 2019 |title=Rights Group: Ukrainian Language Near Banished In Donbas Schools |url=https://www.rferl.org/a/ukrainian-language-donbas-schools/30165052.html |access-date=2022-12-27 |website=Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty}}{{Cite web |last=Coynash |first=Halya |date=17 September 2019 |title=Russian-controlled Donbas 'republics' remove Ukrainian language and everything connected with Ukraine from schools |url=https://khpg.org//en/1568402216 |access-date=2022-12-27 |website=Kharkiv Human Rights Protection Group}} and allegedly tortured a teacher for teaching in Ukrainian.{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-63037713|title=Ukraine war: Tortured for refusing to teach in Russian|work=BBC|author=Zhanna Bezpiatchuk and Sofia Bettiza|access-date=14 December 2022|date=1 October 2022}}

{{See also|Freedom of the press in Ukraine}}

{{update section|date=November 2022}}

In 2007, in Ukraine's provinces numerous, anonymous attacks{{cite web|url=http://en.rsf.org/ukraine-local-newspaper-editor-badly-31-03-2010,36900 |title=Local newspaper editor badly injured in assault |publisher=Reporters Without Borders |date=31 March 2010 |access-date=4 October 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151001051756/http://en.rsf.org/ukraine-local-newspaper-editor-badly-31-03-2010%2C36900 |archive-date=1 October 2015 }} and threats persisted against journalists, who investigated or exposed corruption or other government misdeeds.{{cite web |url=http://en.rsf.org/ukraine-disturbing-deterioration-in-press-15-04-2010,37027.html |title=Disturbing deterioration in press freedom situation since new president took over |work=Reporters Without Borders |date=15 April 2010 |access-date=4 October 2015 |archive-date=3 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303190348/http://en.rsf.org/ukraine-disturbing-deterioration-in-press-15-04-2010,37027.html |url-status=dead }}[https://web.archive.org/web/20110120224057/http://www.kyivpost.com/news/politics/detail/64793/ Media crackdown under way?], Kyiv Post (22 April 2010) The US-based Committee to Protect Journalists concluded in 2007 that these attacks, and police reluctance in some cases to pursue the perpetrators, were "helping to foster an atmosphere of impunity against independent journalists".{{cite book|url=https://www.hrw.org/node/258888|title=Ukraine: Events of 2008|date=13 January 2009 |publisher=Human Rights Watch|access-date=3 October 2015}}

Ukraine's ranking in Reporters Without Borders's Press Freedom Index has in the latest years been around the 90th spot (89 in 2009,{{cite web|url=http://en.rsf.org/press-freedom-index-2009,1001.html |title=Press Freedom Index 2009 |publisher=Reporters Without Borders |year=2009 |access-date=4 October 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150930230930/http://en.rsf.org/press-freedom-index-2009%2C1001.html |archive-date=30 September 2015 }} 87 in 2008{{cite web |url=http://en.rsf.org/press-freedom-index-2008,33.html |title=Press Freedom Index 2008 |publisher=Reporters Without Borders |year=2008 |access-date=4 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151007012918/http://en.rsf.org/press-freedom-index-2008,33.html |archive-date=7 October 2015 |url-status=dead }}), while it occupied the 112th spot in 2002{{cite web|url=http://en.rsf.org/press-freedom-index-2002,297.html |title=Press Freedom Index 2002 |publisher=Reporters Without Borders |year=2002 |access-date=4 October 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151007025235/http://en.rsf.org/press-freedom-index-2002%2C297.html |archive-date=7 October 2015 }} and even the 132nd spot in 2004.{{cite web |url=http://en.rsf.org/press-freedom-index-2004,550.html |title=Press Freedom Index 2004 |publisher=Reporters Without Borders |year=2004 |access-date=4 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120220014259/http://en.rsf.org/press-freedom-index-2004,550.html |archive-date=20 February 2012 |url-status=dead }}

During the Russia-backed 2010-2014 Presidency of Viktor Yanukovych was elected President of Ukraine, journalistic watchdogs complained about a deterioration of press freedom in Ukraine.{{cite news|url=http://www.kyivpost.com/news/nation/detail/66011/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101114182039/https://www.kyivpost.com/news/nation/detail/66011/|archive-date=14 November 2010|title=1+1 TV journalists claim censorship of news reports |work=Kyiv Post|date=6 May 2010}}{{cite news|url=http://www.kyivpost.com/news/nation/detail/66119/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100511155833/http://www.kyivpost.com/news/nation/detail/66119/|archive-date=11 May 2010 |title=STB TV channel journalists claim imposing of censorship on STB|work=Kyiv Post|date=8 May 2010}}{{cite news|url=http://www.kyivpost.com/news/nation/detail/66353/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101111043811/http://www.kyivpost.com/news/nation/detail/66353/|archive-date=11 November 2010|title=European journalists call on Ukrainian authorities, media owners to respect press freedom|work=Kyiv Post|agency=Interfax-Ukraine|date=11 May 2010}}{{cite news|author=Anthony Mills|url=http://www.kyivpost.com/news/nation/detail/77815/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101123070848/http://www.kyivpost.com/news/nation/detail/77815/|archive-date=23 November 2010|title=International Press Institute: Ukraine's press freedom environment has deteriorated 'significantly'|work=Kyiv Post|date=11 August 2010}} Anonymous journalists said early May 2010 that they were voluntarily tailoring their coverage so as not to offend the Yanukovych administration and the Yanukovych Government.[https://web.archive.org/web/20101111040504/http://www.kyivpost.com/news/nation/detail/66009/ Journalists, in defensive crouch, swing news coverage to Yanukovych's favor], Kyiv Post (6 May 2009) The Yanukovych Government said it did not censor the media,[https://web.archive.org/web/20110606044659/http://www.kyivpost.com/news/nation/detail/66616/ Semynozhenko: No examples of censorship on Ukrainian TV channels], Kyiv Post (13 May 2009) so did the Presidential Administration[https://web.archive.org/web/20101123021538/http://www.kyivpost.com/news/politics/detail/66596/ Opposition benefiting from topic of censorship at mass media, says Hanna Herman], Kyiv Post (13 May 2009) and President Yanukovych himself.{{in lang|uk}} [http://www.bbc.com/ukrainian/ukraine/2010/05/100513_yanukovych_marta_oh.shtml Янукович: Україна готова, якщо Європа готова], BBC Ukrainian (10 May 2010)[https://web.archive.org/web/20110606044759/http://www.kyivpost.com/news/nation/detail/66628/ Special committee calls to check reports of pressure on journalists], Kyiv Post (13 May 2009)

A May 2014 report from the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) said that there were approximately 300 violent attacks on the media in Ukraine since November 2013.{{cite news|author=Michael Shields|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-ukraine-crisis-media-idUSBREA4M0IB20140523|title=Ukraine media freedom under attack: OSCE|date=23 May 2014|access-date=4 October 2015|work=Reuters}} A crackdown on what authorities describe as "pro-separatist" points of view have triggered dismay among Western human rights monitors. For example, the 11 September 2014 shutdown of {{Interlanguage link|Vesti (Ukrainian newspaper)|qid=Q16694375|lt=Vesti}} newspaper by the Ukrainian Security Service for "violating Ukraine's territorial integrity" brought swift condemnation from the Committee to Protect Journalists and the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe.{{#tag:ref|Former Vesti News's editor-in-chief Igor Guzhva wrote on his Facebook page that the news outlet had been raided by Security Service of Ukraine (SBU). The SBU reportedly took all servers, kept staffers in a "hot corridor" and shut down the website completely. Guzhva said that the purpose of the raid was "to block our work". "Journalists are not being let into their office", Guzhva wrote. "Those who were already inside at the moment of the raid are being kept in the building and are not allowed to use cell phones." Guzhva said that this is the second time in just six months that the SBU has tried to "intimidate" its editors. He added that he is unsure of the reason for the raid, but suspects that it might have to do with a story the website recently published on the SBU chief's daughter.{{cite web|author=Catherine Taibi|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/09/11/ukraine-news-raid-vesti-kiev-website-media_n_5805642.html|title=Ukraine Security Services Break Into Newspaper Office, Shut Down Website|date=9 November 2014|access-date=4 October 2015|work=HuffPost}}|group=nb}}

Ukraine has also shut down several television stations operated by Russia on the grounds that they spread Russian propaganda. In February 2017 the Ukrainian government banned the commercial importation of books from Russia, which had accounted for up to 60% of all titles sold.{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/feb/14/ukraine-publishers-speak-out-against-ban-on-russian-books |title=Ukraine publishers speak out against ban on Russian books |first=Danuta |last=Kean |newspaper=The Guardian |date=14 February 2017 |access-date=11 March 2017}}

According to Amnesty International, in 2021 the media were generally pluralistic and free, but some outlets were discriminated against by officials because of their perceived pro-Russian leaning. Criticisms have been levelled at the decision to deprive Taras Kozak's TV channels of broadcasting licences. The investigation into the murder of the journalist Pavlo Sheremet in 2016 were undermined by serious deficiencies and lack of credibility.

{{Main|Freedom of speech|Freedom of thought}}

File:FEMEN «Blue Bucket» topless protest-4.jpg is a feminist protest group founded in Ukraine in 2008.{{cite news|author=Zoe Holman|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/oct/20/femen-activists-uk-branch-feminism|title=Fearless ... and topless: Femen activists to bring 'sextremism' to the UK|work=The Guardian|date=19 October 2013|access-date=4 October 2015}} The organization became internationally known for organizing{{cite web|url=http://www.movements.org/case-study/entry/ukraines-ladies-of-femen/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120414005441/http://www.movements.org/case-study/entry/ukraines-ladies-of-femen|archive-date=14 April 2012|title=Ukraine's Ladies Of Femen|publisher=Movements.org|date=16 August 2011|url-status=usurped|access-date=22 April 2013}}{{cite web|author=Jeffrey Tayler|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2013/03/the-woman-behind-femens-topless-protest-movement/273970/|title=The Woman Behind Femen's Topless Protest Movement|work=The Atlantic|date=13 March 2013|access-date=22 April 2013}} topless protests against sex tourism,{{cite news|url=http://www.kyivpost.com/news/politics/detail/65379/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101207042451/http://www.kyivpost.com/news/politics/detail/65379|archive-date=7 December 2010|title=Femen wants to move from public exposure to political power|work=Kyiv Post|date=28 April 2010}} religious institutions,{{cite news|author=Sam Wilson|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-20028797|title=Ukraine's Femen: Topless protests 'help feminist cause'|work=BBC News|date=23 October 2012|access-date=4 October 2015}} sexism and homophobia.{{cite web|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/04/24/topless-femen-protest-andre-jozef-leonard_n_3146609.html|title=Topless FEMEN Protesters Drench Belgian Archbishop André-Jozef Léonard, Protest Homophobia In Catholic Church|work=HuffPost|date=25 April 2013|access-date=6 March 2015}}]]

{{expand section|date=November 2022}}

{{Further|War crimes in the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine#Ill-treatment, torture and willful killing of civilians|Humanitarian situation during the war in Donbas#Abductions and torture|Russian torture chambers in Ukraine|Secret detention centers of SBU}}

{{POV section|date=November 2022}}

Reports of torture and ill-treatment by police persisted during 2007, as did unduly long periods of pretrial custody. Of major concern were the inhumane conditions in detention with overcrowded cells, appalling sanitary conditions and the lack of appropriate medical care. During the year numerous group suicide attempts took place in some penal colonies.{{cite web|format=DOC|url=http://www.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cat/docs/AdvanceVersions/CAT.C.UKR.CO.5.doc|title=UN Committee against Torture, Conclusions and recommendations: Ukraine|work=Committee against Torture, 38th session 30 April – 18 May 2007|publisher=UNHR|year=2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070629013039/http://www.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cat/docs/AdvanceVersions/CAT.C.UKR.CO.5.doc|archive-date=29 June 2007}}

In Eastern Ukraine, the SBU conducted torture and human rights abuses for alleged pro-Russian separatists, according to 2016 reports.{{Cite web |date=21 July 2016 |title=Watchdogs: Civilians Detained, Tortured in Eastern Ukraine |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/watchdogs-civilians-detained-tortured-in-ukraine/3428561.html |access-date=24 November 2022 |website=Voice of America |language=en}}{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=3 June 2016 |title=Kiev allows torture and runs secret jails, says UN |language=en |work=The Times |url=https://www.thetimes.com/world/article/kiev-allows-torture-and-runs-secret-jails-says-un-vwlcrpsjn |access-date=24 November 2022 |issn=0140-0460}} Some of this torture took place in secret prisons with unacknowledged detention.{{Cite web |date=19 March 2018 |title=Human Rights Watch: Justice needed for former secret prison detainees - |url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2018/03/19/ukraine-justice-needed-former-secret-prison-detainees |access-date=29 November 2022}} The existence of black sites was denounced by multiple reports of the UN monitoring mission in Ukraine,{{Cite web |date=15 August 2015 |title=Report on the human rights situation in Ukraine |url=https://www.ohchr.org/en/documents/country-reports/report-human-rights-situation-ukraine-11 |access-date=24 November 2022 |website=OHCHR |language=en |quote=a persistent pattern of arbitrary and incommunicado detention by the Ukrainian law enforcement (mainly by the Security Service of Ukraine) and by military and paramilitary units (first and foremost by the former volunteer battalions now formally incorporated into the Armed Forces of Ukraine, the National Guard and the police). These cases were often accompanied by torture and ill-treatment}} Amnesty International{{Cite web |date=21 July 2016 |title=Ukraine: "You don't exist": Arbitrary detentions, enforced disappearances, and torture in Eastern Ukraine |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/eur50/4455/2016/en/ |access-date=24 November 2022 |website=Amnesty International |language=en}} and Human Rights Watch.{{Cite web |date=7 May 2014 |title=Dispatches: A Damning Silence From Kiev |url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2014/05/07/dispatches-damning-silence-kiev |access-date=24 November 2022 |website=Human Rights Watch |language=en}}

On 25 May 2016, the United Nations Subcommittee on Prevention of Torture (SPT) suspended its visit to Ukraine after the government denied it access to places in several parts of the country where it suspects these secret jails were located.{{cite news|title=U.N. Suspends Torture Inquiry in Ukraine|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/27/world/europe/un-suspends-torture-inquiry-in-ukraine.html|website=The New York Times|date=26 May 2016 |access-date=6 June 2016|last1=Sopova |first1=Alisa }}{{cite web|title=UN torture prevention body suspends Ukraine visit citing obstruction|url=http://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=20017&LangID=E|work=OHCHR|date=25 May 2016|access-date=3 August 2016}} In 2018 Amnesty International concluded that, "The investigation into the Security Service of Ukraine (SBU) for its alleged secret prisons failed to make any progress. Law enforcement officials continued to use torture and other ill-treatment."{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=22 February 2018 |title=Amnesty International Report 2017/18 - Ukraine |url=https://www.refworld.org/docid/5a993840a.html |access-date=24 November 2022 |website=Refworld |language=en}}

According to Amnesty International, in 2021 abuse of prisoners remained "endemic". As reported by the Prosecutor General's Office, in March 2022 the European Court of Human Rights had ruled against Ukraine in 115 cases . The European Court found that Oleksandr Rafalsky had spent 15 years in prison despite good reasons to believe that his "confessions" had been extorted by torture.{{Cite web |date=31 May 2021 |title=Posthumous justice for Ukraine's most famous victim of police torture |url=https://khpg.org//en/1608809136 |access-date=2022-12-10 |website=Kharkiv Human Rights Protection Group}}

During the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine numerous acts of torture of civilians and numerous acts of torture of prisoners of war by Russian forces have been documented,{{Cite web |title="Torture chamber," mass grave found in Kherson, Ukraine after Russia's retreat |date=19 November 2022 |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/torture-chamber-mass-grave-found-in-kherson-ukraine-after-russias-retreat/ |access-date=25 November 2022 |publisher=CBS News |language=en-US}}{{Cite web |date=19 October 2022 |title=Ukraine: Russian Forces Tortured Izium Detainees |url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2022/10/19/ukraine-russian-forces-tortured-izium-detainees |access-date=25 November 2022 |publisher=Human Rights Watch |language=en}}{{Cite news |date=20 September 2022 |title='Walls full of pain': Russia's torture cells in Ukraine |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-62970845 |access-date=25 November 2022}}{{Cite web |date=18 May 2022 |title=Ukraine: Executions, Torture During Russian Occupation |url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2022/05/18/ukraine-executions-torture-during-russian-occupation |access-date=25 November 2022 |publisher=Human Rights Watch |language=en}} including rape and sexual violence against men, women, and children by Russian forces.{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/09/23/world/europe/russia-ukraine-war-crimes-united-nations.html | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220924015357/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/09/23/world/europe/russia-ukraine-war-crimes-united-nations.html | archive-date=24 September 2022 | title=U.N. Experts find that war crimes have been committed in Ukraine | newspaper=The New York Times | date=23 September 2022 | last1=Cumming-Bruce | first1=Nick }}{{Cite news |last=Barber |first=Harriet |date=28 November 2022 |title=Castration, gang-rape, forced nudity: How Russia's soldiers terrorise Ukraine with sexual violence |language=en-GB |work=The Telegraph |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/global-health/terror-and-security/how-russian-soldiers-terrorise-ukraine-sexual-violence/ |access-date=3 December 2022 |issn=0307-1235}}

{{main|HIV/AIDS in Ukraine}}

The Ukrainian government has taken a number of positive steps to fight HIV/AIDS, chiefly in the area of legislative and policy reform. But these important commitments are being undermined in the criminal justice and health systems by widespread human rights abuses against drug users, sex workers, and people living with HIV/AIDS.

{{main|Human trafficking in Ukraine|Human trafficking}}

There has been a growing awareness of human trafficking as a human rights issue in Europe. The end of communism has contributed to an increase in human trafficking, with the majority of victims being women forced into prostitution.{{cite web|url=http://www.coe.int/T/E/Com/Files/Themes/trafficking/|title=Slaves at the heart of Europe|work=Council of Europe|year=1996|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040307062424/http://www.coe.int/T/E/Com/Files/Themes/trafficking/|archive-date=7 March 2004}}{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/3979725.stm|title=A modern slave's brutal odyssey|work=BBC News|date=3 November 2004|access-date=6 March 2015}} In 2013 Ukraine was a country of origin and country of transit for persons, primarily women and children, trafficked for the purpose of sexual exploitation and forced labor.{{cite web|url=http://www.dol.gov/ilab/reports/child-labor/ukraine.htm|title=Ukraine: 2014 Findings on the Worst Forms of Child Labor: Moderate Advancement|work=United States Department of Labor|access-date=3 October 2015}} Charcoal production and pornography have been listed in the U.S. Department of Labor's List of Goods Produced by Child Labor or Forced Labor under the country of Ukraine in December 2014. The Government of Ukraine has shown some commitment to combatting trafficking but has been criticized for not fully complying with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking, and for inadequate trafficking prevention efforts.{{cite web|url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/tip/rls/tiprpt/2005/46616.htm|title=V. Country Narratives -- Countries Q through Z|work=U.S. Department of State|access-date=6 March 2015}}

{{main|Violence against women in Ukraine}}

Violence against women is an entrenched social problem in Ukrainian culture engendered by traditional male and female stereotypes.{{cite book |last= Kobelyanska |first= Larysa |year= 2000 |title= Making the Transition Work for Women in Europe and Central Asia |chapter= Violence and Trafficking in Women in Ukraine |url=https://archive.org/details/makingtransition0000unse |publisher= World Bank Publications |isbn= 0-8213-4662-8 |url-access= registration }}{{cite web

|url=http://www.gsdrc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/050-Gender-and-conflict-in-Ukraine.pdf

|title= Gender and conflict in Ukraine

|last= Lucas

|first= Brian

|year= 2017

|website= gsdrc.org

|publisher= K4D Knowledge, Evidence and Learning for Development

|access-date= 6 September 2018

|ref = K4D Report

}} It was not recognized during the Soviet era, but in recent decades the issue became an important topic of discussion in Ukrainian society and among academic scholars. According to the estimation of OSCE the violence towards women is widespread in Ukraine and it is associated with three times more deaths than the ongoing armed conflict in the eastern provinces of the country.[https://fba.se/en/newspress/nyhetsarkiv/2018/the-osce-draws-attention-to-violence-against-women-in-ukraine/ The OSCE draws attention to violence against women in Ukraine] (7 March 2018)

{{main|Humanitarian situation during the war in Donbas}}

During the ongoing Russo-Ukrainian War, Ukraine has lost control of Crimea and parts of the Donbas. On 21 May 2015, the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine has passed a resolution declaring that it has withdrawn from some of the obligations stipulated in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (articles 2, 9, 12, 14, 17), the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (articles 5, 6, 8, 13) and European Social Charter (articles 1 p. 2, 4 p. 2-3, 8 p. 1, 14 p. 1, 15,16,17 p. 1a p. 1c, 23,30, 31 p. 1-2) at the Donbas region until "Russia cease its aggression in eastern Ukraine".{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.com/russian/rolling_news/2015/05/150521_rn_ukraine_rada_human_rights|script-title=ru:Рада одобрила отступление от Конвенции о правах человека|trans-title=Parliament endorsed withdrawal from the Convention on Human Rights|language=ru-UA|publisher=BBC|date=21 May 2015|access-date=3 October 2015}}{{cite web|url=http://lb.ua/news/2015/05/21/305627_rada_razreshila_soblyudat_zone_ato.html|script-title=ru:Рада разрешила не соблюдать в зоне АТО акты о правах человека|trans-title=Rada has decided not to comply with human rights acts in ATO zones|language=ru-UA|work=LB.ua|date=21 May 2015|access-date=3 October 2015}}

• Association "Civic Initiative" (Kirovohrad){{Cite web|url=https://monitoring.kr.ua/|title=Моніторинг - Одна свобода здатна забезпечити економічний і соціальний успіх!|website=Моніторинг|access-date=22 March 2022|archive-date=28 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220628005108/https://monitoring.kr.ua/|url-status=dead}} {{in lang|uk}}
• Association of Ukrainian Human Rights Monitors on Law Enforcement (Association UMDPL) :uk:Association of Ukrainian Human Rights Monitors on Law Enforcement (Association UMDPL)
• Civic Methodics and Information Center «Universe»
• Chernigiv Committee for the Protection of Citizen's Constitutional Rights{{cite web|url=http://www.protection.org.ua/english/index.php?SSID=dd13c6ff739e3eba26739b9b00226273|title=Forum for Ukrainian Refugee-assisting NGOs held in Chernihiv|publisher=protection.org.ua|date=29 June 2006|access-date=27 November 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130214042002/http://protection.org.ua/english/index.php?module=pages&act=page&pid=776|archive-date=14 February 2013}}
• Committee of Voters of Ukraine{{cite web|url=http://www.cvu.org.ua/?lang=eng|script-title=uk:Комітет виборців України|trans-title=Committee of Voters of Ukraine|language=uk|publisher=Cvu.org.ua|access-date=27 November 2015}}
• Congress of National Communities of Ukraine{{cite web|url=http://www.kngu.org/KongrEng/AboutEng.htm|title=Congress of National Communities of Ukraine|publisher=KNGU|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080514211235/http://www.kngu.org/KongrEng/AboutEng.htm|archive-date=14 May 2008}}
• Donetsk Memorial{{cite web|url=http://www.memo.ru/about/adr/reg_15.htm|script-title=ru:ДОНЕЦКИЙ МЕМОРИАЛ|trans-title=Donetsk Memorial|language=ru|publisher=memo.ru|year=2000|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080601065903/http://www.memo.ru/about/adr/reg_15.htm|archive-date=1 June 2008}}
• "For Professional Assistance" (Poltava region){{Cite web |url=http://www.iaps-ci.org/ru/ |title=IAPS |date=1 July 2007 |website= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070701094659/http://www.iaps-ci.org/ru/ |archive-date=1 July 2007 |url-status=dead}} {{in lang|ru}}
• Kharkiv Human Rights Protection Group
• Odesa Human Rights Group "Veritas"{{Cite web |url=http://www.veritas.org.ua/ |title=ВЕРИТАС - Одесская правозащитная группа - Главная |date=12 December 2008 |website= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081212191327/http://www.veritas.org.ua/ |archive-date=12 December 2008 |language=ru-UA|url-status=dead}}
• Ukrainian Helsinki Human Rights Union
• Road Control

• Amnesty International Ukraine, led by Oksana Pokalchuk (2017–present)
• International Society for Human Rights-Ukrainian Branch{{Cite web|url=https://igfm.org.ua/|title=Поради для чоловіків та жінок на хвилі щастя}} {{in lang|uk}}
• Moscow Helsinki Group

• LGBT rights in Ukraine
• History of the Russian language in Ukraine
• Chronology of Ukrainian language suppression
• Humanitarian situation during the war in Donbas

{{Reflist|group=nb}}

{{reflist|refs=

{{cite news | title=Amnesty International Calls For Repeal Of De-Communization Law | date=12 May 2017 |newspaper= Ukranews |url=https://ukranews.com/en/news/496578-amnesty-international-calls-for-repeal-of-de-communization-law |access-date= 4 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190504031846/https://ukranews.com/en/news/496578-amnesty-international-calls-for-repeal-of-de-communization-law |archive-date= 4 May 2019 |url-status=live }}

{{cite news | last1= Oppenheim | first1= Maya | title= 'Everyone here is scared': Inside the bomb shelters Ukrainians fear will collapse | date= 24 February 2022 |newspaper= The Independent |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/ukraine-bomb-shelters-ukraine-b2022620.html |access-date= 5 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220227045815/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/ukraine-bomb-shelters-ukraine-b2022620.html |archive-date= 27 February 2022 |url-status=live }}

{{Cite web |title=UKRAINE 2021 |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/location/europe-and-central-asia/ukraine/report-ukraine/ |access-date=2022-12-10 |website=Amnesty International |language=en}}

{{cite web|author=Fred Weir|url=http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Europe/2014/0921/Crackdown-in-Ukraine-sullies-its-democratic-aspirations|title=Crackdown in Ukraine sullies its democratic aspirations|date=21 September 2014|access-date=4 October 2015|work=The Christian Science Monitor}}

}}

• {{Commons category-inline}}
• [https://www.amnesty.org/en/countries/europe-and-central-asia/ukraine/report-ukraine/ Amnesty International 2017/2018 Report on Ukraine]
• [https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/2006/78846.htm US Department of State 2006 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices: Ukraine]

{{Ukraine topics}}

{{Human rights in Europe}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Human Rights In Ukraine}}

Category:Politics of Ukraine

Ukraine

Category:Propaganda in Russia