Hungarian National Museum

File:Main stairs of the National Museum.jpg

The Hungarian National Museum traces its foundation to 1802, when Count Ferenc Széchényi set up the National Széchényi Library. This would then be followed a year later by the donating of a mineral collection by Széchényi's wife. This led to the creation of the Hungarian National Museum as a general history and natural history museum, beyond being simply a library. In 1807, the Hungarian National Parliament passed legislation on the new institution and asked the nation to help donate to the museum.

The Hungarian Parliament of 1832–1834 helped with the growth of the museum as well. The parliament voted in favor of giving half a million forints to help with the construction of a new building for the museum. During this time the Hungarian National History Museum was officially set up under the Hungarian National Museum. Later, in 1846, the museum moved to its current location of VIII. Múzeum krt. 14–16, where the museum resides in a neo-classical style building designed by Mihály Pollack.

In 1848, the Hungarian National Museum played a major role in the Hungarian Revolution. The Revolution was partially spurred by the reading of Sándor Petőfi's 12 points and the famous poem Nemzeti dal on the front steps of the museum. This helped make the museum a major site of national importance and identity for Hungary. In remembrance of the revolution, two statues were added to the museum: the first is a statue of János Arany, unveiled in 1883. In 1890, there was a statue next to the stairs of the museum of a memorial tablet to Sándor Petőfi. Additionally, during this time, the Upper House of the parliament held its sessions in the Cereminial of the museum. This continued until the new house of Parliament was built. Today, festivities held in remembrance of the National Commemorations Day of 1848 are held in front of the museum.

In 1949, an act split the ethnographic and natural history part of the Hungarian National Museum off of the main museum. They now comprise the Hungarian Natural History Museum and Ethnographic Museum. This also helped with the setting up of the modern day National Széchényi Library. All of these separate museums are still interconnected, and other museums and monuments have become affiliated with them over time. The most recent addition was the Castle Museum in Esztergom, which joined in 1985.

File:Couronne Monomaque - Musée national hongrois.jpg showing Constantine IX Monomachus and Empress Zoe; one of the internationally famous objects in the collection]]

The Hungarian National Museum has seven permanent displays. The general history of Hungary is covered in two sections: the archaeology from prehistory to the Avar period ending in 804 AD on the first (ground) floor ("On the East-West frontier"), and the history from 804 to modern times on the first floor. This display covers topics such as the age of the Arpads, the long Turkish occupation, Transylvania and royal Hungary. More modern and Contemporary history covered begins with the Rákóczi War of Independence, showing different sections of his military attire and various coins. The history section then ends with the rise and fall of the communist system in Hungary. In another hall on the second floor one can find out about the Scholar Hungarians who made the twentieth century. A room on the first floor displays the medieval Hungarian Coronation Mantle.{{cite web|title=The coronation mantle|url=http://hnm.hu/en/exhibitions/coronation-mantle|website=Hungarian National Museum|access-date=20 July 2016|archive-date=3 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170503180624/http://hnm.hu/en/exhibitions/coronation-mantle|url-status=dead}}

The ground floor's permanent exhibit is focused on Medieval and Early Modern stone inscriptions and carvings. This exhibit looks at various stone relics and the carvings that have been made into them. The majority of the items in this collection were discovered during the 1960s and 1970s, since they looked for more relics post World War II. The final permanent exhibit is placed in the basement of the museum. This is the Roman Lapidary exhibit, which is a collection of ancient Roman stone inscriptions and carvings.{{cite web|title=Roman Lapidary|url=http://hnm.hu/en/exhibitions/roman-lapidary|website=Hungarian National Museum|access-date=20 July 2016|archive-date=3 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170503180755/http://hnm.hu/en/exhibitions/roman-lapidary|url-status=dead}}

File:Mihály Pollack (portrait).jpg

The building where the Hungarian National Museum is currently located was built from 1837 to 1847. The style of the main building was laid out in a neo-classical style and was added onto by other artists in the form of statues, paintings and other architecture. The statues of the Portico were done by Raffael Monti of Milan. One of these is a famous statue of the allegoric figure of Hungary, holding a shield with the Hungarian coat of arms on it. On the sides of this figure there is Science on one and Art on the other. In addition the paintings that have been in the staircase and on the ceiling since 1875 were done by Károly Lotz and Mór Than. There has also been a garden that is used primarily for various concerts. Various artists have performed here including Ferenc Liszt. Today the garden is the venue of the Museum Festival.

Scenes from the movie Evita, starring Madonna were filmed on the steps leading in. The scenes depicted the coffin of Eva Peron being carried into a 'Buenos Aires' government building to lay in State.

• Semmelweis Museum of Medical History (since 2017)

On 28 October 2023, the Hungarian ministry of culture and innovation ordered the museum to prevent minors from viewing the annual World Press Photo exhibition it was hosting as part of its child protection law against "sexual propaganda". The exhibition, which included five photographs of elderly members of the LGBTQ+ community in the Philippines taken by Hannah Reyes Morales, was the subject of a complaint by MP Dora Duro from the far-right Our Homeland Movement.{{cite news |last=Spike |first=Justin |title=Hungary bans teenagers from visiting World Press Photo exhibition over display of LGBTQ+ images |url=https://apnews.com/article/hungary-bars-minors-from-world-press-photo-lgbtq-content-25dacb49e5eacd066fa2314a08fbe21a |access-date=2 November 2023 |work=Associated Press |date=1 November 2023}} World Press Photo executive director Joumana El Zein Khoury expressed surprise over the decision, and said there was "nothing explicit or offensive in these images". In response, the museum said it "cannot legally enforce" the order as it cannot ask for identity cards.{{cite news |title=Hungary LGBTQ content law unenforceable at top photo show: museum |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20231101-hungary-lgbtq-content-law-unenforceable-at-top-photo-show-museum |access-date=2 November 2023 |work=France 24 |date=1 November 2023}} It later issued a notice on its website and at the entrance to the exhibition that the collection was restricted to visitors over 18.

On 6 November, culture minister János Csák dismissed the museum's director, Laszlo Simon, who had assumed the position for a five-year term in 2021, citing his failure to comply with the said law and "engaging in conduct which made it impossible for him to continue his employment". In response, Simon wrote that he took "note of the decision" but could not "accept it", adding that he firmly rejected "the idea that our children should be protected from me or from the institution I run."{{cite news |last=Spike |first=Justin |title=Hungary has fired the national museum director over LGBTQ+ content in World Press Photo exhibition |url=https://apnews.com/article/hungary-museum-director-lgbtq-photos-fc4bc0106ae3f89b68a4bbb858279fa5 |access-date=6 November 2023 |work=Associated Press |date=6 November 2023}}

File:Female figurine 2.jpg|Neolithic female figure

File:Neolithic female figure a.jpg|Neolithic female figure

File:Human Skeleton HNM 3.jpg|Bronze Age (?) skeleton

File:Celtic Head Hungarian National Museum 1.jpg|Iron Age stone head / idol

File:Elongated skull Hungarian national Museum 3.jpg|Elongated skull, female, post-Roman period

File:Soliman le Magnifique.jpg|Portrait of Suleiman the Magnificent (1494–1566)

File:Anonymous Ferdinand Habsburg.jpg|Portrait of Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor, c. 1530

File:King Louis II of Hungary.jpg|Louis II of Hungary, 16th century

File:Archduchess Mimi by Martin van Meytens in 1750.jpg|Maria Christina, Duchess of Teschen, Martin van Meytens, 1750

File:Barabas, Miklos - Mrs. Schodel in the Role of Elisabeth Szilágyi (1852).jpg|Mrs. Schodel in the Role of Elisabeth Szilágyi, Miklós Barabás, 1852

File:Josef Weidner - Erzsébet királyné.jpg|Portrait of the Empress Elisabeth of Austria, Josef Weidner, 1855

File:II Lajos és menyasszonya Ausztriai Mária..jpg|Louis II and Mary of Hungary, unknown artist, c. 1515

File:Silver mine, Kutna Hora.jpg|Silver mine, Kutna Hora, unknown painter, 15th century

File:Esztergomi_rondella_(Buda).jpeg|Siege of Buda (1686), Frans Geffels, 17th century

File:Lohwag Dame in White Lace Dress.jpg|Dame in White Lace Dress, Ernestine Sehwag, 19th century

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Category:Museums in Budapest

Category:National museums of Hungary

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Category:Archaeological museums in Hungary

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Category:Buildings and structures completed in 1802

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Category:1802 establishments in the Habsburg monarchy

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