Hunyad County
{{short description|County of the Kingdom of Hungary}}
{{See also|Hunedoara County}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2022}}
{{More citations needed|date=June 2012}}
{{Infobox Former Subdivision
|native_name = {{line-height|1.1em|{{native name|la|Comitatus Hunyadensis}}
{{native name|hu|Hunyad vármegye}}
{{native name|de|Komitat Hunyad}}
{{native name|ro|Comitatul Hunedoara}} }}
|conventional_long_name = Hunyad County
|common_name = Hunyad
|subdivision = County
|nation = the Kingdom of Hungary
(1265–1526)
County of the Eastern Hungarian Kingdom
(1526–1570)
County of the Principality of Transylvania
(1570–1867)
County of the Kingdom of Hungary
(1867–1920)
|p1 =
|s1 =
|year_start = 1265
|event_end = Treaty of Trianon
|year_end =
|date_end = 4 June 1920
|image_coat = Coa_Hungary_County_Hunyad_(history).svg
|image_map = Hunyad vármegye Magyarországon.svg
|capital = Déva
|coordinates = {{Coord|45|53|N|22|54|E|display=inline,title}}
|stat_area1 = 7809
|stat_pop1 = 340100
|stat_year1 = 1910
|today = Romania
|footnotes = Deva is the current name of the capital.
}}
Hunyad (today mainly Hunedoara) was an administrative county (comitatus) of the Kingdom of Hungary, of the Eastern Hungarian Kingdom and of the Principality of Transylvania. Its territory is now in Romania in Transylvania. The capital of the county was Déva (present-day Deva).
Geography
After 1876, Hunyad county shared borders with Romania and the Hungarian counties Krassó-Szörény, Arad, Torda-Aranyos, Alsó-Fehér and Szeben. Its area was 7,809 km2 around 1910.
Etymology
The toponym Hunyad most likely comes from the Hungarian {{Lang|hu|huny}} verb, meaning 'to close' or 'to die'. According to linguist Géza Kuun, the name may keep the memory of the Huns.{{cite journal |last1=Kuun |first1=Géza |last2=Torma |first2=Zsófia |last3=Téglás |first3=Gábor |title=Hunyadvármegye története |journal=Irodalmi Szemle |date=1902 |volume=I |page=353 |trans-title=The history of Hunyad County |location=Budapest |language=hu}}
History
File:Transylvania16cent adm div.PNG
File:Bethlen Gábor fejedelemsége.png
The first known civilization living on the territory were the Scythian Agathyrsi and Sigynnae. Later the Dacians under their leader Burebista established solid control over the territory, but were conquered and massacred by the Roman Empire. Hunyad was part of Roman Dacia for a short time, but by the 3rd century it was occupied by the Goths, later by the Vandals and Gepids. The nomadic Avars conquered Transylvania in 567, and remained the ethnic majority even after the collapse of their khaganate. The Igech, Szerekes, Andos and Zeyk noble families are all of Avar origin, along with the name of the river Zsil.{{cite journal |last1=Kuun |first1=Géza |last2=Torma |first2=Zsófia |last3=Téglás |first3=Gábor |title=Hunyadvármegye története |journal=Irodalmi Szemle |date=1902 |volume=I |trans-title=The history of Hunyad County |location=Budapest |language=hu}}
Hunyad county was formed in the Middle Ages. It was first attested in 1265 as Hungnod by the Papal Quitrent Register. In 1876, when the administrative structure of Transylvania was changed, its territory was modified to include about two thirds of the former Zaránd County (Brád/Brad and Körösbánya/Baia de Criș districts) and the Saxon seat of Broos/Orăștie. In 1920, by the Treaty of Trianon, the county became part of Romania. Most of its territory lies in the present Romanian county Hunedoara; a strip in the east is now part of Alba and a strip in the west is now part of Caraș-Severin County (the commune Băuţar).
Demographics
| class="wikitable"
|+ Population by religion{{efn|Only religious communities > 1% are displayed.}} ! Census !! Total !! Eastern Orthodox !! Greek Catholic !! Roman Catholic !! Calvinist !! Jewish !! Lutheran !! Other or unknown |
| 1880
| 248,464 || 177,725 (71.53%) || 48,381 (19.47%) || 11,883 (4.78%) || 6,568 (2.64%) || 1,996 (0.80%) || 1,799 (0.72%) || 112 (0.05%) |
|---|
| 1890
| 267,895 || 190,018 (70.93%) || 50,520 (18.86%) || 15,121 (5.64%) || 7,351 (2.74%) || 2,470 (0.92%) || 2,202 (0.82%) || 213 (0.08%) |
| 1900
| 303,838 || 204,350 (67.26%) || 55,116 (18.14%) || 24,993 (8.23%) || 11,398 (3.75%) || 4,056 (1.33%) || 3,269 (1.08%) || 656 (0.22%) |
| 1910
| 340,135 || 217,425 (63.92%) || 60,024 (17.65%) || 34,668 (10.19%) || 16,675 (4.90%) || 5,679 (1.67%) || 4,110 (1.21%) || 1,554 (0.46%) |
Subdivisions
File:Hunyad_county_administrative_map.jpg
In the early 20th century, the subdivisions of Hunyad County were:
| class="wikitable"
!colspan=2|Districts (járás) | |
| District | Capital |
|---|---|
| {{color box|#A4DDED}} Algyógy | Algyógyalfalu (now Geoagiu) |
| {{color box|#90EE90}} Brád | Brád (now Brad) |
| {{color box|#F8DE7E}} Déva | Déva (now Deva) |
| {{color box|#90EE90}} Hátszeg | Hátszeg (now Hațeg) |
| {{color box|#FFFACD}} Kőrösbánya | Kőrösbánya (now Baia de Criș) |
| {{color box|#FFC0CB}} Marosillye | Marosillye (now Ilia) |
| {{color box|#FFC0CB}} Petrozsény | Petrozsény (now Petroșani) |
| {{color box|#F8DE7E}} Puj | Puj (now Pui) |
| {{color box|#FFFACD}} Szászváros | Szászváros (now Orăștie) |
| {{color box|#A4DDED}} Vajdahunyad | Vajdahunyad (now Hunedoara) |
| colspan=2|Urban districts (rendezett tanácsú város) | |
| colspan=2|Déva (now Deva) | |
| colspan=2|Hátszeg (now Hațeg) | |
| colspan=2|{{color box|#FFC0CB}} Szászváros (now Orăștie) | |
| colspan=2|Vajdahunyad (now Hunedoara) |
Notes
{{Notelist}}