Hurricane Jeanne (1980)

{{Infobox weather event

| name = Hurricane Jeanne

| image = Jeanne 1980-11-11 2030Z.png

| caption = Hurricane Jeanne at peak intensity in the Gulf of Mexico on November 11

| formed = {{start-date|November 7, 1980}}

| dissipated = {{end-date|November 16, 1980}}

}}{{Infobox weather event/NWS

| winds = 85

| pressure = 986

}}{{Infobox weather event/Effects

| year = 1980

| fatalities = None direct (+1 indirect)

| damage = 1000000

| damage-prefix = ≥

| areas = {{flatlist|

}}

| refs =

}}{{Infobox weather event/Footer

| season = 1980 Atlantic hurricane season

}}

Hurricane Jeanne was a moderate hurricane that reached its peak and dissipated in the Gulf of Mexico without making landfall. The thirteenth tropical cyclone, tenth named storm, and eighth hurricane of the 1980 Atlantic hurricane season, Jeanne developed over the southern Caribbean on November 7. It moved swiftly northward, and intensified to a tropical storm on November 9, entering the southern Gulf of Mexico a day later. Jeanne turned westward on November 11, and rapidly intensified to its peak intensity of 100 mph (155 km/h). It weakened on November 12, and its forward motion slowed; weakening because of dry air intrusion, the cyclone, while a tropical storm, executed a clockwise loop on November 15. It dissipated on November 16.

At the time, Jeanne was one of three November hurricanes in the Gulf of Mexico; it was the first tropical cyclone to attain hurricane strength in the Gulf of Mexico during November. Jeanne was also the second-strongest Gulf hurricane to never hit land. The late-season storm startled maritime interests, and two barges broke free from towing vessels. Indirectly, the hurricane produced heavy precipitation that peaked at {{convert|23.28|in|mm|abbr=on|lk=on}} in Key West, causing severe flooding there and over nearby parts of the Florida Keys. Minor beach erosion occurred along the Texas coast, where tides were {{convert|2|to|4|ft|m|abbr=on|lk=on}} above normal; coastal flooding affected the state, which was heavily impacted by tropical cyclones in August and September. Jeanne caused no direct deaths.

Meteorological history

The precursor of Jeanne, a tropical wave, formed over West Africa on October 26,{{cite report|url=https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/storm_wallets/atlantic/atl1980-prelim/jeanne/prelim01.gif|title=Hurricane Jeanne — November 7–16, 1980|type=Preliminary report|publisher=National Hurricane Center|page=1|accessdate=19 December 2024|archive-date=December 18, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241218130049/https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/storm_wallets/atlantic/atl1980-prelim/jeanne/prelim01.gif|url-status=live}}

[http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/storm_wallets/atlantic/atl1980-prelim/jeanne/prelim02.gif P. 2] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304000233/http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/storm_wallets/atlantic/atl1980-prelim/jeanne/prelim02.gif |date=March 4, 2016 }} reaching the Caribbean in early November. Unsettled weather began over the northwestern Caribbean on November 4.{{sfn|Lawrence|Pelissier|1981|p=1579}} At 18:00 UTC on November 7, a low-level trough formed about 60 miles (95 km) east-southeast of Puerto Cabezas, Nicaragua.{{Atlantic hurricane best track}} Over three days it headed north-northwest, becoming a tropical depression on November 8, 200 miles (320 km) west of Grand Cayman. At the time, weather forecasters at the National Hurricane Center (NHC) doubted it would organize further;Multiple sources:
{{cite news|date=November 9, 1980|title=Tropical depression forms in Caribbean|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-times/161248552/|work=The Times|volume=109|issue=348|edition=City|location=Miami|publication-place=Shreveport, Louisiana|agency=United Press International|page=2}} {{free access}}
{{cite news|date=November 9, 1980|title=Tropical Depression Goes North, Toward Cuba|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-miami-herald/161248053/|work=Miami Herald|volume=70|issue=345|edition=Broward|location=Miami|page=2-A}} {{free access}}
{{cite news|date=November 9, 1980|title=Tropical Depression Heading for Florida|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-tyler-courier-times/161248126/|work=Tyler Courier-Times|volume=103|issue=60|edition=Morning|location=Miami|publication-place=Tyler, Texas|agency=United Press International|page=15}} {{free access}}
{{cite news|date=November 9, 1980|title=Tropical depression heads toward Cuba|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-orlando-sentinel/161248186/|work=Orlando Sentinel|volume=104|issue=314|edition=Metro Final|location=Miami|publication-place=Orlando, Florida|agency=United Press International|page=3-B}} {{free access}}

however, large-scale atmospheric features, such as extensive ridging over the Gulf of Mexico, were unusually conducive to hurricane formation so late in the year.{{#tag:ref|Its location and date made the cyclone climatologically typical, however.{{sfn|Lawrence|Pelissier|1981|p=1580}}|group="nb"|name="Formation"}} A deep low-pressure area off Newfoundland fixed these parameters, allowing the system to strengthen; at 12:00 UTC on November 9 the latter acquired winds of 45 mph (75 km/h)—equal to tropical-storm status—and the name Jeanne, making it the first November storm in the Atlantic Ocean since 1971's Laura.{{cite news|date=November 9, 1980|title=Tropical Depression Heading for Florida|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-tyler-courier-times/161248126/|work=Tyler Courier-Times|volume=103|issue=60|edition=Morning|location=Miami|publication-place=Tyler, Texas|agency=United Press International|page=15}} {{free access}} Within a day it crossed the Yucatán Channel at about the same intensity, during which reconnaissance aircraft sampled a pressure of {{convert|999|mb|inHg|abbr=on}}.

Sensing the ridge, Jeanne bent slowly west over the southern Gulf of Mexico. The storm drew upon warm sea surface temperatures, gaining force in turn.{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-daily-chronicle/161195031/|title=Freak hurricane Jeanne boggles minds of forecasters|work=Daily Chronicle|agency=United Press International|location=New Orleans|publication-place=De Kalb, Illinois|date=November 12, 1980|volume=101|issue=209|page=21}} {{free access}} On November 11 it rapidly intensified, its winds rising from 65 mph (100 km/h) to 100 mph (155 km/h)—Category 2—in a day; the latter was its peak, making Jeanne the most recent November hurricane in the Atlantic since 1966's Lois.{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-indiana-gazette/161190035/|title=Jeanne Loses Hurricane Status|work=Indiana Gazette|agency=Associated Press|location=Miami|publication-place=Indiana, Pennsylvania|volume=81|issue=115|date=September 13, 1980|page=7}} {{free access}} The USS Taney logged {{convert|109|mi/h|km/h|abbr=on}}, a speed atypical of the storm's pressure,{{#tag:ref|The storm's lowest pressure was {{convert|986|mb|inHg|abbr=on}}, equal to Category 1, and suggested winds of at most 95 mph (155 km/h). Until the late 1980s the Saffir–Simpson scale ranked storms by central pressure.{{sfn|Jarrell|Herbert|Mayfield|1992|pp=2, 4}}{{sfn|Landsea|Glenn|Bredemeyer|Chenoweth|2007|p=2139}} Moreover, the reading from the Taney was ascribed to intense squalls.|group="nb"|name="Minimum pressure"}} while other data sources implied lower winds. Jeanne's peak was brief, lasting six hours; nevertheless, the storm and a pressure gradient combined to produce gales 100–150 miles (160–240 km) away.Multiple sources:

{{cite news|date=November 11, 1980|title=Jeanne becomes weak hurricane in Gulf of Mexico|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/sun-herald/161253335/|work=Sun Herald|volume=97|issue=27|edition=Afternoon|location=Biloxi, Mississippi|agency=Associated Press and Herald Staff Report|page=3}} {{free access}}
{{cite news|date=November 11, 1980|title=Tropical Storm Jeanne Grows Into Rare November Hurricane|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-orange-leader/161253386/|work=The Orange Leader|volume=175|issue=271|location=Miami|publication-place=Orange, Texas|agency=Associated Press|page=6}} {{free access}}
{{cite news|date=November 12, 1980|title=Hurricane Jeanne Drifting Westward|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-orange-leader/161253737/|work=The Orange Leader|volume=175|issue=272|location=Miami|publication-place=Orange, Texas|agency=Associated Press|page=6}} {{free access}}
{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-daily-chronicle/161195031/|title=Freak hurricane Jeanne boggles minds of forecasters|work=Daily Chronicle|agency=United Press International|location=New Orleans|publication-place=De Kalb, Illinois|date=November 12, 1980|volume=101|issue=209|page=21}} {{free access}}

Jeanne soon lost intensity, and steering currents ebbed, causing it to decelerate further; its {{convert|30|mi|km|adj=mid|-wide}} eye briefly halted 450 miles (725 km) south-southeast of New Orleans.{{cite news|date=November 12, 1980|title=Hurricane Jeanne prompts oil workers to evacuate rigs|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/st-joseph-gazette/161302440/|work=St. Joseph Gazette|edition=Morning|location=Miami|publication-place=St. Joseph, Missouri|agency=Associated Press|page=1}} {{free access}} Early on November 12 it reverted to Category 1 and by 00:00 UTC the next day lost hurricane winds altogether; however, it retained winds of 65–70 mph (100–110 km/h) for another day. During this timeframe Jeanne was the most northwesterly November storm to date in the Atlantic.{{cite news|date=November 13, 1980|title=Jeanne Is Losing Strength, Not Likely to Hit Land Hard|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-miami-herald/161302477/|work=Miami Herald|volume=70|issue=349|edition=International|location=Miami|agency=Associated Press|page=2A-W}} {{free access}}{{#tag:ref|In 1980 the Atlantic hurricane database, HURDAT, covered years no earlier than 1886; reanalysis extended the record back to 1851 in 2001.{{cite web |last1=Landsea |first1=Chris |last2=Hart |first2=Bob |last3=Solow |first3=Andy |title=Atlantic Hurricane Re-Analysis Project |url=http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/project2003/hurdat.html |website=Hurricane Re-analysis Project |publisher=Hurricane Research Division |access-date=21 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060206183519/http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/project2003/hurdat.html |archive-date=6 February 2006 |location=Miami |date=8 December 2004 |via=AOML}}{{cite conference |url=https://ams.confex.com/ams/annual2003/techprogram/paper_56249.htm |title=10.2 The Atlantic Hurricane database Re-analysis Project: Results for the first 60 years 1851 to 1910 |last1=Landsea |first1=Christopher W. |author-link1=Christopher Landsea |author2=C. Anderson |author3=N. Charles |author4=G. Clark |author5=J. Dunion |author6=J. Fernández-Partagás |author7=P. Hungerford |author8=C. Neumann |author9=M. Zimmer |date=13 February 2003 |publisher=American Meteorological Society |location=Long Beach, California |conference=14th Symposium on Global Change and Climate Variations |conference-url=https://ams.confex.com/ams/annual2003/techprogram/programexpanded_141.htm |access-date=December 21, 2024 |archive-date=April 16, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240416060115/https://ams.confex.com/ams/annual2003/techprogram/paper_56249.htm |url-status=live }}|group="nb"|name="HURDAT"}} Arcing northwest, Jeanne neared a col over the western Gulf of Mexico. The gradient slackened, enabling a drifting motion, and Jeanne came to a near-standstill 140 miles (225 km) east of Brownsville, Texas.{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-indiana-gazette/161190035/|title=The Nation's Weather|work=Indiana Gazette|agency=Associated Press|publication-place=Indiana, Pennsylvania|date=November 15, 1980|volume=81|issue=117|page=6}} {{free access}} The storm also ingested stable air, shedding its convection. For a time Jeanne continued to meander between a tardy trough and remnant ridging, but began backtracking east-northeast, ahead of and in response to a cold front. Early on November 15 it degenerated into a depression and began a clockwise loop,{{sfn|Lawrence|Pelissier|1981|p=1581}} dying at sea a day later. Its remnants merged with the cold front.

Preparations

On November 9, forecasters outlined a course across western Cuba, toward South Florida, and said Jeanne could reach low-end hurricane intensity.Multiple sources:

{{cite news|date=November 9, 1980|title=Storm Jeanne May Hit Florida|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-burlington-free-press/161251275/|work=The Burlington Free Press|volume=154|issue=314|location=Burlington, Vermont|agency=Associated Press|page=2A}} {{free access}}
{{cite news|date=November 10, 1980|title=Storm born near Cuba; state alerted|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/florida-today/161252018/|work=Florida Today|location=Miami|publication-place=Brevard County, Florida|agency=Associated Press|page=1}} {{free access}}
{{cite news|date=November 10, 1980|title=New tropical storm poses possible threat to Florida|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/tampa-bay-times/161251750/|work=St. Petersburg Times|volume=97|issue=108|location=Miami|publication-place=St. Petersburg, Florida|agency=Associated Press|page=1}} {{free access}}
{{cite news|date=November 10, 1980|title=Tropical storm drifting in Yucatan|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-stuart-news/161251916/|work=Stuart News|volume=44|issue=110|location=Miami|publication-place=Stuart, Florida|agency=United Press International|page=2}} {{free access}}

The NHC counseled mariners in the Yucatán Channel, as well as the southeastern Gulf of Mexico, to stay abreast of the storm and to seek sheltered locations.{{cite news|date=November 9, 1980|title=Storm stalls; Haitian rescue set|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/fort-lauderdale-news/161251112/|work=Fort Lauderdale News|edition=Home Final|location=Miami|publication-place=Fort Lauderdale, Florida|agency=Associated Press|page=1A}} {{free access}}{{cite news|date=November 10, 1980|title=A Tropical Storm Brings Clouds, a Chance of Rain|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-miami-herald/161251600/|work=Miami Herald|volume=70|issue=346|edition=First|location=Miami|page=2-A}} {{free access}} Officials remarked that the storm's evolution was highly uncertain,{{cite news|last=Rivas|first=Robert|department=Keys Area News|date=November 11, 1980|title=Tropical Storm Puts Keys Officials on the Watch|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-miami-herald/161253144/|work=Miami Herald|volume=70|issue=347|location=Miami|page=1B}} {{free access}}{{cite news|date=November 11, 1980|title=Tropical Storm Jeanne Lashes Cuba|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-state/161253575/|work=The State|volume=316|issue=89|location=Miami|publication-place=Columbia, South Carolina|agency=United Press International|page=17-A}} {{free access}} dubbing the tempest a "freak of nature".{{cite news|last=Rizley Jr.|first=Max|date=November 14, 1980|title=West-bound Jeanne keeps 'em guessing|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-galveston-daily-news/161337216/|work=Galveston Daily News|volume=139|issue=218|location=Galveston, Texas|page=1}} {{free access}}

[https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-galveston-daily-news/161337253/ P. 2] Forecasters later expected landfall on the Gulf Coast of the United States. On November 12 the NHC issued a gale warning for the area between the Mississippi River Delta and a point near Port O'Connor, Texas. Fearing high tides, the National Weather Service (NWS) advised 16 Louisiana parishes to ready themselves.{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-indianapolis-star/161189886/|title=Hurricane Jeanne forces evacuations|work=The Indianapolis Star|agency=Associated Press|location=Miami|publication-place=Indianapolis|date=November 12, 1980|volume=78|issue=160|page=1}} {{free access}} Lafourche and Terrebonne parishes shut schools, wary of the storm's track. Several oil companies—Shell, Gulf Oil, Chevron, ODECO, and Texaco—withdrew equipment and all but essential personnel from offshore rigs.{{cite news|date=November 12, 1980|title=Hurricane Jeanne Drifting Westward|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-orange-leader/161253737/|work=The Orange Leader|volume=175|issue=272|location=Miami|publication-place=Orange, Texas|agency=Associated Press|page=6}} {{free access}} Some 4,000 workers left the platforms, and Grand Isle, Louisiana, directed residents to leave,{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/ventura-county-star/161197137/|title=Jeanne chases thousands of Louisiana residents inland|work=Ventura County Star|agency=United Press International|location=New Orleans|publication-place=Ventura, California|volume=10|issue=106|date=November 14, 1980|page=4}} {{free access}} as did South Padre Island, Texas, where fewer than 100 people departed.{{cite news|date=November 13, 1980|title=Jeanne Reduced to Tropical Storm|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-palm-beach-post/161197766/|work=Palm Beach Post|volume=72|issue=198|location=New Orleans|publication-place=West Palm Beach, Florida|agency=United Press International|page=2}} {{free access}} Padre Island National Seashore closed.{{cite news|last=Ayala|first=Elaine|date=November 14, 1980|title=Officials just wait, watch for Jeanne|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/corpus-christi-times/161337099/|work=Corpus Christi Times|location=Corpus Christi, Texas|page=1A}} {{free access}}
[https://www.newspapers.com/article/corpus-christi-times/161337166/ P. 16A] Some residents on Dauphin Island, Alabama, voluntarily evacuated, recalling 1979's Hurricane Frederic and fleeing Jeanne's northward motion.{{cite news|date=November 12, 1980|title=Oil Workers Evacuated From Rigs In Face of Surprise Hurricane|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-grand-rapids-press/161301714/|work=The Grand Rapids Press|volume=89|issue=61|location=Miami|publication-place=Grand Rapids, Michigan|agency=Press Wire Services|page=7}} {{free access}} The NHC urged that small watercraft remain in ports from Brownsville, Texas, to Tarpon Springs, Florida. Forecasters awaited tides of {{convert|2|to|4|ft|m|abbr=on}} above normal in Louisiana and coastal Texas. Meteorologists foresaw impact in Southwest Louisiana, although Jeanne eventually stayed offshore; thousands of residents moved inland, while Civil Defense remained alert. Forecasters anticipated locally heavy rainfall, although they hinted it would remain below {{convert|8|in|mm|abbr=on|lk=on}}.{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-daily-news/161197231/|title=Jeanne Chases People Inland|work=Huntingdon Daily News|agency=United Press International|location=New Orleans|publication-place=Huntingdon, Pennsylvania|volume=59|issue=247|date=|page=7}} {{free access}}

Impact, aftermath, recovery, and records

File:Jeanne 1980 rainfall.gif

Copious rainfall significantly impacted tobacco crops in Cuba's Pinar del Río Province, forcing evacuations there. Jeanne and a large high-pressure area joined forces to generate rough seas over the northern Gulf of Mexico; wave heights reached {{convert|15|ft|m|abbr=on}}. In Key West, the storm's outer fringes produced a record-breaking 24-hour rainfall total of {{convert|23.28|in|mm|abbr=on|lk=on}}; {{convert|13.58|in|mm|abbr=on}} fell within six hours.{{Tropical Cyclone Rainfall in Florida}}{{cite web |last1=Roth |first1=David M. |title=Hurricane Jeanne - November 8-12, 1980 |url=https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/tropical/rain/jeanne1980.html |website=Tropical Cyclone Rainfall in Florida |publisher=Weather Prediction Center |access-date=21 December 2024 |location=College Park, Maryland |archive-date=December 8, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241208021208/http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/tropical/rain/jeanne1980.html |url-status=live }} It remains the record 24-hour November rainfall total for the city as of 2018.{{cite web|author=National Weather Service |url=http://www.srh.noaa.gov/key/HTML/climate/montables/Key-West_November_Climat.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181108065655/http://www.srh.noaa.gov/key/HTML/climate/montables/Key-West_November_Climat.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=November 8, 2018 |title=Key West, Florida November Climatology |website=National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Key West, FL |location=Key West, Florida |access-date=November 14, 2007 }} The previous record—{{convert|19.88|in|mm|abbr=on}}—was set on November 13–14, 1954.{{cite news|date=November 12, 1980|title=Record 23 inches of rain in 24 hours soak Key West|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/news-press/161197641/|work=The News-Press|volume=96|issue=357|edition=Cape Coral|location=|publication-place=Fort Myers, Florida|agency=Associated Press|page=1}} {{free access}} The heavy precipitation was attributed to a mesoscale feature; inflow maximized along a convergent rainband that intersected with an adjacent stationary front, which also contributed to the deluge. Storms trained over the Florida Keys, dumping prolific rains. The rains closed all 14 schools in Monroe County, along with Key West International Airport and most businesses, including bars, in Key West itself;Multiple sources:

{{cite news|date=November 12, 1980|title=Record Rains Continue To Pelt Key West|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/jackson-county-floridan/161334761/|work=Jackson County Floridan|volume=58|issue=216|edition=|location=Key West, Florida|publication-place=Marianna, Florida|agency=Associated Press|page=2}} {{free access}}
{{cite news|last1=Capuzzo|first1=Michael|last2=Rimer|first2=Sara|date=November 12, 1960|title=Key West Swamped By Storm|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-miami-herald/161334592/|work=Miami Herald|volume=70|issue=348|edition=Broward|location=Miami|page=1-A}} {{free access}}
[https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-miami-herald/161334643/ P. 2-A]
{{cite news|date=November 12, 1980|title=Soggy Key West begins to mop up|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/fort-lauderdale-news/161301770/|work=Fort Lauderdale News|edition=Home Final|location=Fort Lauderdale, Florida|publication-place=Fort Lauderdale, Florida|agency=United Press International|page=1}} {{free access}}

at the latter place, local authorities confined residents at home. Telephone and power services were partly disrupted,{{cite news|date=November 12, 1980|title=Record Rains Continue To Pelt Key West|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/jackson-county-floridan/161334761/|work=Jackson County Floridan|volume=58|issue=216|edition=|location=Key West, Florida|publication-place=Marianna, Florida|agency=Associated Press|page=2}} {{free access}} and water lay {{convert|5|ft|m|abbr=on}} deep in streets,{{cite news|date=|title=Torrential Rain Gave Key West Excuse To Party|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-palm-beach-post/161333052/|work=Palm Beach Post|volume=72|issue=198|location=Key West, Florida|publication-place=West Palm Beach, Florida|agency=United Press International|page=C-3}} {{free access}} carrying off derelict automobiles.*{{cite news|last1=Capuzzo|first1=Michael|last2=Rimer|first2=Sara|date=November 12, 1960|title=Key West Swamped By Storm|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-miami-herald/161334592/|work=Miami Herald|volume=70|issue=348|edition=Broward|location=Miami|page=1-A}} {{free access}}

[https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-miami-herald/161334643/ P. 2-A] Denizens paddled down streets.{{cite news|date=November 12, 1980|title=Soggy Key West begins to mop up|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/fort-lauderdale-news/161301770/|work=Fort Lauderdale News|edition=Home Final|location=Fort Lauderdale, Florida|publication-place=Fort Lauderdale, Florida|agency=United Press International|page=1}} {{free access}} Heavy rains overspread mainland southern Florida as well, with some areas amassing a third of their monthly mean in a day.{{cite news|date=November 12, 1980|title=Rain moving out of Broward area|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/fort-lauderdale-news/161301808/|work=Fort Lauderdale News|edition=Home Final|location=Fort Lauderdale, Florida|publication-place=Fort Lauderdale, Florida|agency=United Press International|page=1}} {{free access}} A wooden salvage barge, {{convert|80|ft|m|abbr=on}} long, sank in the storm {{convert|150|mi|km|abbr=on}} offshore Key West, but its crew of three were unharmed. A fatal heart attack was indirectly storm-related. Storm damage at Key West could be seen three days after,{{cite news|last=Capuzzo|first=Michael|date=November 15, 1980|title=Island Almost Recovered|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-miami-herald/161338895/|work=Miami Herald|volume=70|issue=351|edition=First|location=Miami|page=1B|department=Keys Area News}} {{free access}} and losses there totaled $1 million.{{#tag:ref|Losses are in 1980 United States dollars unless otherwise noted.|group="nb"|name="Losses"}}{{cite news|date=November 13, 1980|title=Jeanne Aimless In Gulf|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-world/162943693/|work=Daily World|volume=41|issue=279|location=New Orleans|publication-place=Opelousas, Louisiana|agency=Associated Press|page=1}} {{free access}}
[https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-world/162943813/ P. 8]
[https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-world/162943848/ Part 2]

Jeanne produced a prolonged period of rough surf and heavy swells along the Texas coast. High tides caused beach erosion and flooding in Texas,{{cite news|last=McGonigle|first=Steve|date=November 15, 1980|title=Strong norther blows in, making Jeanne bow out|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/corpus-christi-caller-times/161337310/|work=Corpus Christi Caller-Times|volume=45|issue=1|location=Corpus Christi, Texas|page=1}} {{free access}}

[https://www.newspapers.com/article/corpus-christi-caller-times/161337373/ P. 16] especially near Galveston.{{cite tech report|last1=Perry |first1=C. A. |last2=Aldridge |first2=B. A. |last3=Ross |first3=H. C. |publisher=United States Geological Survey |chapter-url=http://www-ks.cr.usgs.gov/Kansas/pubs/reports/wsp.2502.sum80.html |title=Summary of Significant Floods in the United States, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands, 1970 Through 1989 |chapter=Summary of Significant Floods, 1970 Through 1989, by Year |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060924163944/http://www-ks.cr.usgs.gov/Kansas/pubs/reports/wsp.2502.html |access-date=November 16, 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060925212359/http://www-ks.cr.usgs.gov/Kansas/pubs/reports/wsp.2502.sum80.html |archive-date=September 25, 2006 |series=Water-Supply Paper |number=2502 }} The highest tides, {{convert|4|ft|m|abbr=on}}, crested at Port Aransas. Water lapped at the foot of the dunes on Mustang Island, and {{convert|3|to|5|ft|m|adj=on}} waves hit the beaches. As the storm stayed at sea, other effects in Texas were negligible. Elsewhere, several ships were caught off guard by the late arrival of Jeanne. Winds and seas snarled marine traffic in the Gulf of Mexico, severing a few barges from towing vessels. One of the barges, an oil rig tender, was carried several hundred miles across the central Gulf of Mexico. All 16 crew members survived, and there were no maritime deaths related to the hurricane. The storm also claimed a sunken helicopter, foiling a weeklong retrieval mission. Jeanne was the second-strongest Gulf hurricane on record to not strike land, behind 2024's Rafael.{{cite web |last1=Henson |first1=Bob |title=Good news: Rafael likely to be the Gulf's first major hurricane to croak before landfall |url=https://yaleclimateconnections.org/2024/11/good-news-rafael-likely-to-be-the-gulfs-first-major-hurricane-to-croak-before-landfall/ |website=Yale Climate Connections |publisher=Yale Program on Climate Change Communication |access-date=29 December 2024 |date=November 8, 2024}} Additionally, it was one of just four tropical cyclones in the 20th century to become hurricanes in the Gulf of Mexico without hitting land; the others were Laurie of 1969, Henri of 1979, and Alberto of 1982.{{cite report|year=1979|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/storm_wallets/atlantic/atl1979-prelim/henri/prelim01.gif|title=Hurricane Henri: 14–24 September|type=Preliminary report|publisher=National Hurricane Center|access-date=November 15, 2007|archive-date=March 3, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303211721/http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/storm_wallets/atlantic/atl1979-prelim/henri/prelim01.gif|url-status=live}} At the time, Jeanne was the first Gulf hurricane in November since a storm in 1925,{{cite news|date=November 11, 1980|title=Jeanne becomes first Nov. hurricane in 55 years|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/st-mary-and-franklin-banner-tribune/161338997/|work=St. Mary and Franklin Banner-Tribune|volume=96|issue=257|location=Miami|publication-place=Franklin, Louisiana|agency=United Press International|page=1}} {{free access}} but in 2011 reanalysis downgraded the latter.{{cite web |title=New Record Holder for Latest Hurricane in the Season to Strike U.S. Coastline |url=https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/news/20111118_pa_latestLandfall.pdf |website=NOAA National Hurricane Center |publisher=NHC Public Affairs |access-date=29 December 2024 |location=Miami |date=November 18, 2011}}

Notes

References

Sources

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{{cite journal|last1=Lawrence|first1=Miles B.|last2=Pelissier|first2=Joseph M.|date=1 July 1981|title=Atlantic Hurricane Season of 1980|journal=Monthly Weather Review|volume=109|issue=7|pages=1567–1582|bibcode=1981MWRv..109.1567L|doi=10.1175/1520-0493(1981)109<1567:AHSO>2.0.CO;2|doi-access=free}}

Category:1980 Atlantic hurricane season

Category:Category 2 Atlantic hurricanes

Category:Hurricanes in Texas

Hurricane Jeanne

Category:Tropical cyclones in 1980